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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Nocturnal oxygen desaturation during home oxygen therapy in patients with chronic respiratory disease].

We investigated nocturnal oxygen desaturation (NOD) in 36 patients with stable chronic respiratory disease who were receiving home oxygen, therapy (HOT). Study data included medical history, chest roentgenograms, measurement of daytime arterial blood gases while awake, and spirometry. Each subject underwent full overnight oximetry monitoring. Three patients were excluded from further investigation because of periodic desaturation suggestive of sleep apnea. The remaining 33 subjects were divided into two groups: 21 patients with sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB-sequela) and 12 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The COPD group was divided into two subgroups according to the Burrows classification (Am Rev Resp Dis. 90: 14-27, 1964): 5 patients with type A (Type A) and 7 patients with type B (Type B) COPD. The percentages of total sleep time with SaO2 < or = 85% (DST 85) and SaO2 < or = 90% (DST 90) were calculated for each subject. NOD was defined as DST 85 > or = 1%. Arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) while awake was > or = 60 Torr in all subjects. No difference was observed in mean awake PaO2 values between the TB-sequela and COPD groups. NOD was detected in 8 TB-sequela patients but in none of the COPD patients. Mean DST 85 and DST 90 values were significantly (p < 0.05) higher for the TB-sequela group than for the COPD group. Of 15 TB-sequela patients who were able to complete spirometry tests, 6 had NOD. All 6 of these patients had hypercapnia while awake (PaCO2 > or = 50 Torr) and reduced vital capacity (< or = 50% predicted). No difference was observed in mean DST 90 or DST 85 values between the TypeA and TypeB COPD subgroups. We conclude that NOD is common in patients with chronic stable respiratory disease treated with HOT despite daytime euoxia. TB-sequela patients with hypercapnia and restrictive ventilatory impairment are at high risk for NOD.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Gastroesophageal reflux as the basis of recurrent and chronic respiratory diseases].

Among many causes of relapsing and chronic respiratory diseases in children the authors revealed gastrooesophageal reflux (GER) in 53 of 106 examined children, i.e. in 50%. Therefore examination of GER was included in routine examinations of all children admitted on account of the following diseases: laryngitis rec., bronchitis rec., bronchitis obstructiva rec., pneumonia rec., bronchiectasy, bronchitis deformans, asthma bronchiale. GER was detected in 208 children aged 6 months to 15 years. All children were subjected to an X-ray examination by contrast substance and to sonography of the cardia. In clinically serious cases manometric and pH metric examinations were made. When GER was detected the authors recommended conservative treatment: postural position, restricted fluid intake before going to bed, elimination of cocoa and chocolate, antacids. A favourable effect of conservative treatment in the course of 1-2 years was recorded in 60 of 76 children, who attended check-up examinations, i. e. in 79%. In children where serious complaints persisted, in particular rec. pneumonia, the development of deforming bronchitis and bronchiectasy or dyspnoic attacks, the authors indicated after completion of examinations and agreement with surgeons, a surgical approach. Fundoplication was performed in 22 children, i. e. in 10% of the patients where GER was revealed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A retrospective study of respiratory disease in a cohort of bacon pigs. I. Clinico-epidemiological analyses.

Previous studies of respiratory disease problems in pig herds have to a large extent relied on mortality data and slaughterhouse findings. The present report deals with simultaneously recorded clinical data and post mortem information for individual pigs from a large herd. Among other things, the results suggest that the commonly applied treatments of clinical cases have limited effect, that routine meat inspection is a fairly sensitive tool in monitoring the disease status, that productivity is affected relatively more by clinical episodes than by subclinical occurrence, and that respiratory disease and diarrhea are interrelated in more than one way.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Byssinosis and chronic respiratory disease in U.S. cotton gins.

A pilot study of cotton gin workers was undertaken in the ginning industry so as to determine if a definitive study could be undertaken and to make some first order estimates of byssinosis and chronic respiratory disease and to compare the findings to those reported in the African and European gins. Baseline medical data were collected on 203 gin workers and 260 controls, consisting of a medical symptom questionnaire, a chest x-ray and the forced expiratory spirogram pulmonary test. Results revealed a prevalence of functional reactors equal to that found in the textile industry and other gin studies (44%) as determined by spirometric testing, without any association to smoking history. The major reaction group within the ginning population was those working in the baling press area. These same workers demonstrated evidence of chronic depressions in their spirometry data. No excess of chronic respiratory disease as determined by the questionnaire was detected within the gin worker population.

Byssinosis↗
PubMed2005

[IgE and respiratory disease].

INTRODUCTION: IgE is known to provide the biological basis for allergy and immediate hypersensitivity. However, recent data provide some evidence that IgE responses are involved in other inflammatory processes apart from allergy, including several respiratory diseases. STATE OF THE ART: IgE binds to mast cells and basophils but also to other inflammatory cells, which are involved in non-allergic processes. IgE has a role in antigen presentation and is implicated in a number of other immune mechanisms. In the airways, IgE plays an important role in bronchial hyperactivity, even in the absence of an allergen. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that IgE response is related not only to allergy but also to asthma symptoms, in the presence or absence of atopy, as well as exposure to cigarette smoke. IgE response is altered in several respiratory diseases including extrinsic and intrinsic asthma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES: Since anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies are now available for administration to humans, a better understanding of the IgE response may allow the identification of novel therapeutic targets in the field of respiratory disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Registry of occupational respiratory diseases in Navarre].

BACKGROUND: In January 2002 an occupational respiratory diseases record was established in Navarre so that the number and characteristics of the occupational respiratory pathology could be analysed. METHODS: The cases reported by doctors who collaborated in 2002, 2003 and 2004, were entered in a database for subsequently analysis. This database has several variables: gender, age, tobacco habit, hospital department and notifying doctor, diagnosis, job and causal agent. RESULTS: 125 cases were reported. 97 males (77.6%) and 28 females (22.4%). Average age was 55,4 years old. Eighty-eight were non-smokers (70.4%) and 37 were smokers (29.6%). Pneumology reported 84 cases (67.2%) and Allergology 41 (32.8%). The diagnoses were: 50 bronchial asthma (40%), 31 benign pleural disease (24.8%), 8 extrinsic allergic alveolitis (6.4%), 8 mesothelioma (6.4%), 7 bronchopulmonary cancer (5.6%), 5 acute inhalations (4%), 3 amianthinopsy (2.4%), 2 rhinitis (1.6%), 1 RADS (0.8%) and 1 COPD (0.8%). The most reported jobs were: 13 painting and varnishing (10.4%), 12 spinning asbestos yarn (9.6%) and 8 bakery and confectionery (6.4%). The main causal agents were: 49 cases of asbestos (39.2%), 15 isocyanates (12%) and 8 silica (6.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent pathology was bronchial asthma, followed by benign pleural disease. The most reported job was painting and varnishing and secondly spinning asbestos yarn. Asbestos was the first substance involved and the second was isocyanates. Most of the patients were males and non-smokers. The Pneumology Service of the Virgen del Camino Hospital reported most of the cases. Ratio contrast analysis showed a certain tendency towards a statistical significance in rhinitis, occupational asthma and amianthinopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Methodology in the epidemiological research of respiratory diseases and environmental pollution.

There are complex and diverse methodological problems involved in the clinical and epidemiological study of respiratory diseases and their etiological factors. The association of urban growth, industrialization and environmental deterioration with respiratory diseases makes it necessary to pay more attention to this research area with a multidisciplinary approach. Appropriate study designs and statistical techniques to analyze and improve our understanding of the pathological events and their causes must be implemented to reduce the growing morbidity and mortality through better preventive actions and health programs. The objective of the article is to review the most common methodological problems in this research area and to present the most available statistical tools used.

Brazil↗
PubMed2004

Crowding: risk factor or protective factor for lower respiratory disease in young children?

BACKGROUND: To study the effects of household crowding upon the respiratory health of young children living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Case-control study with children aged from 2 to 59 months living within the boundaries of the city of São Paulo. Cases were children recruited from 5 public hospitals in central São Paulo with an acute episode of lower respiratory disease. Children were classified into the following diagnostic categories: acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis, pneumonia, asthma, post-bronchiolitis wheezing and wheezing of uncertain aetiology. One control, crudely matched to each case with regard to age (<2, 2 years old or more), was selected among healthy children living in the neighborhood of the case. All buildings were surveyed for the presence of environmental contaminants, type of construction and building material. Plans of all homes, including measurements of floor area, height of walls, windows and solar orientation, was performed. Data were analysed using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 313 pairs of children were studied. Over 70% of the cases had a primary or an associated diagnosis of a wheezing illness. Compared with controls, cases tended to live in smaller houses with less adequate sewage disposal. Cases and controls were similar with respect to the number of people and the number of children under five living in the household, as well the number of people sharing the child's bedroom. After controlling for potential confounders, no evidence of an association between number of persons sharing the child's bedroom and lower respiratory disease was identified when all cases were compared with their controls. However, when two categories of cases were distinguished (infections, asthma) and each category compared separately with their controls, crowding appeared to be associated with a 60% reduction in the incidence of asthma but with 2 1/2-fold increase in the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that household crowding places young children at risk of acute lower respiratory infection but may protect against asthma. This result is consistent with the hygiene hypothesis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in the aftermath of the great Hanshin earthquake].

A questionnaire was sent to 30 hospitals and medical institutes in and around the Hanshin district, where the Great Hanshin Earthquake, occurred on January 17th, 1995. The questions concerned patients who were admitted from the day of the earthquake until 10 weeks later. Answers were obtained from 18 of the 30 facilities and the total number of patients admitted with respiratory diseases was 148. Patients with lobar pneumonia or focal pneumonia, or both, accounted for 58.8% of the total, and those with upper respiratory tract infection made up 19.6%. Patients with acute-on-chronic respiratory failure made up 6.8% of the total, as did those with exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Some patients had underlying respiratory diseases, which included bronchial asthma, sequelae of tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and many patients were more than 65 years old. The week with the highest number of admissions was the second week after the earthquake, and 69.6% of the patients were admitted within the first 3 weeks. At time of admission, most patients had been living in Temporary shelters, or with relatives of friends. Most patients (68.9%) were discharged after their conditions had improved, but 9.5% died. All but one of those who died were more than 65 years old. These data indicate that in most cases admission to the hospital resulted not from the earthquake itself but from secondary factors such as unsatisfactory facilities in temporary shelters, psychological stress, the common cold, influenza, overwork, and the disruption of medical services. These data should be useful in establishing medical and political strategies to reduce admissions of patients with respiratory diseases after natural disasters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Antimicrobial therapy for respiratory disease.

Antimicrobial treatment is an important component of infectious respiratory disease management. However, across all systems in horses there is substantial deficit in definitive information concerning the efficacy of antimicrobials. This disassociation between laboratory data and antimicrobial efficacy and the obstacles to effective antimicrobial treatment should be understood.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Mortality from lung cancer and respiratory disease among pottery workers exposed to silica and talc.

A cohort mortality study of white men employed for at least one year between 1939 and 1966 at three plants of a single United States company was conducted to evaluate the risk of lung cancer and nonmalignant respiratory disease among workers exposed to silica dust and nonfibrous (nonasbestiform) talc in the manufacture of ceramic plumbing fixtures. Follow-up of 2,055 men through January 1, 1981, indicated a substantial excess of nonmalignant respiratory disease among those with high levels of exposure to silica dust (standardized mortality ratio = 2.26). The risk of nonmalignant respiratory disease rose with the number of years exposed, was not further enhanced by talc exposure, and appeared to be appreciably lower among those exposed in more recent time periods. For lung cancer, men exposed to high levels of silica dust with no talc exposure had a nonsignificant standardized mortality ratio of 1.37. However, those exposed to nonfibrous talc in addition to high levels of silica had a significant 2.5-fold excess risk of lung cancer. Among this group, the lung cancer standardized mortality ratio rose with increasing years of talc exposure to 3.64 among those exposed for 15 or more years. Although the role of silica as a cofactor cannot be ruled out, these data suggest that nonfibrous talc exposure is associated with excess lung cancer risk.

Drug Synergism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Respiratory diseases in a group of traffic police officers: results of a 5-year follow-up].

BACKGROUND: Exposure to urban pollution may cause respiratory diseases in traffic policemen, especially in very polluted cities. The aim of this study was to investigate respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in traffic police officers in a 5-year follow-up. METHODS: A 5-year follow-up on FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second), FVC (forced vital capacity), and respiratory symptoms was performed on 290 traffic policemen (90.9% of participation rate, mean age 39 +/- 8.3 years, seniority of work 11.4 +/- 8.2 years). RESULTS: Upper respiratory symptoms were reported by the 28% of traffic policemen assigned to traffic control and by the 11% of administrative workers (p = 0.006). Neither in the 1st control (ORc 1.1; IL 95% 0.6-2.3) nor in the follow-up, did ORL evaluation show any difference between the two groups, after having controlled for smoking habits (Mac Nemar test p > 0.05). The follow up on FEV1 and FVC did not show an accelerated decline in traffic policemen assigned to traffic control as compared to administrative police workers. These data suggest the need to follow-up this cohort, evaluating symptoms and respiratory function for a longer period of time, in order to better understand the role of road traffic pollution in inducing respiratory diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[The importance of Mycoplasma bovis in bovine respiratory disease].

The annual damage caused by bovine respiratory disease is estimated at 45 up to 55 euro per calf of milking cattle and 117.50 euro per veal calf In Europe, M. bovis is responsible for at least 1/4 to 1/3 of all pneumonia cases in calves. Serology may help to identify the spreading of these bacteria in a herd.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Caprine serum fraction immunomodulator as supplemental treatment of lower respiratory disease in the horse.

Suppurative lower airway disease is a common debilitating disease in performance horses and, while rarely fatal, is often recalcitrant to conventional therapy. A variety of treatments have been used to combat this condition and we conducted two types of studies to determine if caprine serum fraction--immunomodulator (CSFI), a nonspecific immunomodulator, improved recovery from lower respiratory disease. Two dose response studies were performed to ascertain the efficacy of CSFI. Horses were maintained daily on conventional antibiotic therapy. Respiratory tract exudate, nasal discharge, dyspnoea, chest auscultation and cough frequency were monitored weekly. One hundred percent of the horses treated with 2 i.m. injections of either 60 or 120 mg CSFI one week apart showed significant improvement with each weekly evaluation and were fully recovered by week 3. Horses treated with 15 or 30 mg CSFI did not differ significantly from the control group. Only 10% of the control horses responded to conventional antibiotic therapy. An expanded field trial utilising 80 horses diagnosed with lower respiratory disease and housed at 4 equine clinics was conducted. Thirty-five percent of the 40 control horses, treated solely by conventional antibiotic therapies, recovered while 75% of the horses treated with a supplemental administration of 60 mg CSFI as described above recovered. The combined data from these studies showed that CSFI was able to promote an overall recovery from lower respiratory disease of 86%.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1997

[Nitric oxide in respiratory diseases].

Recent reports have described a pathogenic role of nitric oxide in several respiratory disease. It is specially useful in the adult respiratory distress syndrome, where it acts as a selective vasodilator and improves gas exchange, decreasing pulmonary shunting. Although it has a proven bronchodilator effect, its therapeutic role in diseases such as asthma and chronic limitation of airway flow is not well defined. This article review the metabolism, mechanisms of action, potential uses and adverse effects of nitric oxide in respiratory disease.

Asthma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occurrence of respiratory disease outbreaks in fattening pigs: relation with the features of a densely and a sparsely populated pig area in France.

A survey was carried out in France in 1999 in a Densely Populated Pig Area (DPPA) and a Sparsely Populated Pig Area (SPPA) from which 80 and 55 pig farms were respectively investigated. The two areas were compared regarding the number of respiratory disease outbreaks in fattening pigs on each farm per year with a multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering. The two areas exhibited different typologies: in the DPPA, high density was associated with a high proportion of finishing-pig units resulting in much moving of piglets within the area. Farrow-to-finish farms located in the DPPA had many contacts with external vehicles; this was associated with more than two respiratory disease outbreaks per farm per year. There also was a lack of biosecurity measures implemented on these farms. Conversely, the good health situation of the farms located in the SPPA was associated with few external contacts and good biosecurity measures. In a second step, risk factors for the occurrence of more than 2 respiratory outbreaks per year were studied. Having more than 4 pig farms within a 2 km radius area, more than 30 incoming rendering trucks per year, and storage of the carcasses of dead animals within the farm yard perimeter increased the risk of occurrence of more than 2 respiratory disease outbreaks per year on the farm. This risk was also increased when there were more than 2 animal-transport lorries entering the farm per month and more than 1 veterinarian's or technician's vehicle coming in every 2 months. These results were discussed because of possible bias due to the retrospective design of the survey and the sampling scheme (randomisation within two areas).

Animals↗