Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “RECREATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effect of competitive marathon cycling on plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin T in healthy recreational cyclists.

For a further depiction of exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were measured in recreational cyclists (n = 29) during the Otztal Radmarathon 2004. In all subjects, NT-pro-BNP significantly increased from 28 +/- 21 to 278 +/- 152 ng/L immediately after the race (p <0.001), decreased again on the following day, and returned to baseline values 1 week later. The mean percentage increase in NT-pro-BNP was 1,128 +/- 803%. CTnT, negative in all subjects before the race, increased transiently in 13 athletes (45%), with levels ranging from 0.043 to 0.224 mug/L in 8 of them (28%). One day after competition, cTnT had normalized in all athletes. Because of the typical release of kinetics, the deflection of NT-pro-BNP is considered to be the adequate volume regulatory response of a hemodynamically stressed heart to prolonged strenuous exercise. The observed kinetics of cTnT substantiate a release from the free cytoplasmatic pool due to the half-life of cytosolic cTnT. In healthy cyclists, transient increases in NT-pro-BNP and cTnT are more likely to reflect cardiac fatigue than injury.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The pleasurable recreational activities among community-dwelling older adults.

This study aimed to clarify what pleasurable recreational activities older adults like to participate in, and to investigate the relationship between those activities and quality of life (QOL). Questionnaires were delivered to older residents (65 years and above) in a Japanese rural area. The residents' background information, the amount of pleasure for various activities, and the QOL were surveyed. The QOL was evaluated by the revised Philadelphia Geriatric Center (PGC) morale scale. The amount of pleasure taken in a majority of the activities, such as conversation with family or neighbors showed a significant association with the happiness score, but only a few activities showed significant association between the revised PGC morale scale and the amount of pleasure. The multiple regression analyses indicated that the amount of pleasure in exercise, the difficulty in managing finances, and amount of pleasure taken in watching TV were significant variables for predicting the happiness score. The results indicated that the amount of pleasure older adults experienced when engaging in activities such as conversation with family or neighbors showed significant association with the older adults' happiness. These results may be helpful in understanding contributions of various activities to the perception of pleasure in older adults.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Association of caffeine to MDMA does not increase antinociception but potentiates adverse effects of this recreational drug.

Ecstasy (MDMA) street tablets often contain several other compounds in addition to MDMA, particularly caffeine. Then, it becomes necessary to study the consequences of caffeine plus MDMA combination. MDMA (1 mg/kg) elicited an analgesic response both at the spinal and supraspinal levels. However, when associated, MDMA and caffeine did not show any synergistic interaction. When caffeine was administered prior to MDMA, a potentiation of locomotor activity was observed, which consisted in an increase in maximal values and in a prolonged time of activity. In the neurotoxicity studies, a hyperthermic effect of MDMA was observed. Although caffeine alone failed to alter body temperature, it potentiated MDMA-induced hyperthermia. This association also significantly increased MDMA lethality (from 22% to 34%). Following administration of MDMA to rats, there was a persistent decrease in the number of serotonin transporter sites in the cortex, striatum and hippocampus, which was potentiated by caffeine co-treatment. This MDMA toxicity in rats was accompanied by a transient dopaminergic impairment in the striatum, measured as decreased [(3)H]WIN35428 binding sites, by 31% 3 days after treatment, which was not modified by caffeine. A transient down-regulation of 5-HT(2) receptors occurred in the cortex of MDMA-treated rats, whose recovery was slowed by co-treatment with caffeine. In conclusion, the association of MDMA with caffeine does not generate any beneficial effects at the antinociceptive level. The acute effects stemming from this association, in tandem with the final potentiation of serotonergic terminals injury, provide evidence of the potentially greater long-term adverse effects of this particular recreational drug combination.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2003

Split thickness skin grafting for recreation of the scrotum following Fournier's gangrene.

Fournier's gangrene is an infection of the genitals and perineum that is treated with extensive soft tissue debridement, often leading to loss of scrotal skin. Multiple options for reconstruction of the scrotum are available. Four cases of recreation of the scrotum with meshed split thickness skin grafts (STSG) are presented. The discussion includes a comparison of STSG with other treatment options. We conclude that STSG are a safe, technically easy treatment option with satisfactory cosmetic and functional results.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Cognitive bias and drug craving in recreational cannabis users.

Recent theories propose that repeated drug use is associated with attentional and evaluative biases for drug-related stimuli, and that these cognitive biases are related to individual differences in subjective craving. This study investigated cognitive biases for cannabis-related cues in recreational cannabis users. Seventeen regular cannabis users and 16 non-users completed a visual probe task which assessed attentional biases for cannabis-related words, and an implicit association test (IAT) which assessed implicit positive or negative associations for cannabis-related words. Results from the IAT indicated more negative associations for cannabis-related words in non-users compared to users. Among cannabis users, those with high levels of cannabis craving had a significant attentional bias for cannabis-related words on the visual probe task, but those with low levels of craving did not. Results highlight the role of craving in attentional biases for cannabis-related stimuli.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Long-term effects of ketamine: evidence for a persisting impairment of source memory in recreational users.

RATIONALE: Ketamine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonist that is increasingly being used as a recreational drug. Previous research has shown gross generalised verbal memory impairments persisting 3 days after ketamine use in chronic users, however episodic memory has not specifically investigated in this population. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether ketamine, on the night of drug use (day 0) and 3 days later, is associated with impaired episodic memory as assessed by a source memory task. METHODS: Twenty ketamine users and 20 poly-drug controls were compared on a source memory task both on day 0 and 3. Participants also completed questionnaires on both days indexing schizophrenic-like and dissociative symptoms. RESULTS: On day 0, ketamine abusers were impaired on both source memory and item recognition and scored more highly on schizophrenic and dissociative symptom scales compared to poly-drug controls. On day 3 ketamine abusers only displayed source memory impairments and these positively correlated with the level of schizophrenic-like symptoms on day 0. No differences on day 3 in schizophrenic-like or dissociative symptoms were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Ketamine abusers exhibit a persisting deficit in source memory on day 3 but not in item recognition. These findings suggest that repeated use of ketamine produces chronic impairments to episodic memory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Impulsivity, risk taking and recreational 'ecstasy' (MDMA) use.

The present study investigated characteristics of recreational drug users, especially 'ecstasy' (MDMA) users, in 254 undergraduates. All participants completed a drug history questionnaire (DHQ), the impulsiveness venturesomeness and empathy questionnaire, a novel risk-taking task (Bets16), and 59 also completed the tri-dimensional personality questionnaire (TPQ). DHQ responses allocated participants to five groups: non-drug controls, cannabis users, polydrug (no ecstasy) users, low (<20 occasions) ecstasy users and high (>20 occasions) ecstasy users. Eighteen percent of the sample had used ecstasy and of the ecstasy users, only one had not used other substances. A larger proportion of high ecstasy users had also used amphetamines, cocaine and LSD in comparison to the low ecstasy and non-ecstasy polydrug users. High ecstasy users typically took significantly more ecstasy tablets compared with low ecstasy users. Impulsiveness, venturesomeness and novelty seeking behaviour increased from the non-drug users to high ecstasy users. Ecstasy users (low and high) and polydrug (non-ecstasy) users had higher levels of impulsivity, venturesomeness and novelty seeking behaviour compared with non-drug users. Furthermore, high ecstasy users scored higher on the Bets16 risk-taking measure than non-drug users, cannabis users and low ecstasy users. The findings are discussed in relation to: (i) the possibility that increased impulsivity pre-dated drug use; and (ii) the possible link between impulsivity and the putative serotonergic neurotoxicity of ecstasy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Pattern of use and subjective effects of Salvia divinorum among recreational users.

BACKGROUND: Salvia divinorum is a member of the Lamiaceae family and contains the psychotropic diterpene and kappa-opioid receptor agonist salvinorin-A. Originally a shamanic inebriant used by the Mexican Mazatec Indians, the plant and its preparations are becoming increasingly popular among non-traditional users. METHODS: Demographic data and information on pattern of use and subjective effects were obtained by means of self-report questionnaires from a sample of 32 recreational users of salvia and other psychedelics. RESULTS: Involvement with salvia appeared to be a recent phenomenon. Smoking the extract was the preferred form of administration. Subjective effects were described as intense but short-lived, appearing in less than 1 min and lasting 15 min or less. They included psychedelic-like changes in visual perception, mood and somatic sensations, and importantly, a highly modified perception of external reality and the self, leading to a decreased ability to interact with oneself or with one's surroundings. CONCLUSIONS: Although some aspects of the subjective effects reported were similar to high doses of classical psychedelics with serotonin-2A receptor agonist activity, the intense derealization and impairment reported appear to be a characteristic of salvia. The observed simultaneous high scores on the LSD and PCAG subscales of the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) have been previously reported for other kappa-opioid agonists, and support kappa receptor activation as the probable pharmacologic mechanism underlying the modified state of awareness induced by salvia.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Recreating the original contour in tumor deformed mandibles for plate adapting.

Use of stereolithographic models of the resection areas in mandibular tumor surgery allows for preoperative adapting of resection plates, and shortening operating time. Adapting reconstruction plates along the deformed resection contour, however, recreates the existing, unfavorable contour. The computer-aided procedure that generates the stereolithographic model, nevertheless, allows for digital manipulation of the data, to reestablish the required contour. Here are two cases that benefited from this simple method.

Ameloblastoma↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of iron deficiency with and without anemia in recreationally active men and women.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency with and without anemia in a convenience sample of trained male and female adults. One hundred twenty-one adults (72 female, 49 male) involved in aerobic training (11.2+/-6.3 hr/wk for >/=6 consecutive months), ages 18 to 41 years old, participated in an iron status screening. The concentrations of hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and transferrin receptor were measured in serum to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency with and without anemia. Eight individuals (seven female, one male) had iron deficiency with anemia (serum ferritin <16 microg/L; Hb<120 g/L female, <136 g/L male). Iron deficiency without anemia (serum ferritin </=16 microg/L) was found in 29% of female and 4% of male subjects. Determination of iron deficiency without anemia using the transferrin receptor-ferritin index (serum transferrin receptor:log serum ferritin>/=4.5) found 36% of female and 6% of male subjects to be iron deficient without anemia. Recreational athletes should be screened for iron deficiency without anemia using serum ferritin, serum transferrin receptor, and Hb.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Craniomaxillofacial fractures during recreational baseball and softball.

PURPOSE: Baseball and softball are leading causes of sports-related facial trauma in the United States. We review our institutional experience (Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY) with these injuries and discuss measures to reduce their incidence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We review our institutions experience with facial fractures sustained during the course of a softball or baseball game over a 12-year period. A total of 38 patients were identified and medical records analyzed for patient demographics, type of impact, and fracture location. RESULTS: The male-to-female ratio was 3.2:1; mean age was 24.2 years, with 17 (45%) of the injuries occurring in the pediatric population. The majority of the injuries were caused by direct impact with the ball (68%), while player-player collisions (18%) and impact from a swung bat (13%) were responsible for the remaining injuries. There were a total of 39 fractures; 18 fractures (46%) involved the midface (level 2), skull (level 1) fractures accounted for 12 (31%), while 9 (23%) were mandibular (level 3) fractures. CONCLUSION: With 68% of the injuries resulting from a ball impact, we endorse the recommendations of the Consumer Product Safety Commission for the use of low-impact National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment-approved baseballs and softballs for youth and recreational leagues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The relationship between enophthalmos, linear displacement, and volume change in experimentally recreated orbital fractures.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to establish the relationship between enophthalmos, linear displacement, and volume change for various patterns of experimentally recreated orbital fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We fabricated an experimental apparatus that permitted uniform displacement of simulated orbital wall fractures. Measurements of linear displacement, volume change, and degree of simulated enophthalmos were taken for 1- and 2-walled displacements. Means and standard deviations were derived, and analysis of variance was used to compare means for statistically significant differences ( P < .05) between groups and among major categories. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found for any uniform displacement caused by 1-walled defects or for any given displacement caused by 2-walled defects The linear coefficient for displacement and enophthalmos or for displacement and volume change approached 1.0 for all groups (range, 0.9802 to 0.9999). However, statistically significant differences in mean enophthalmos and mean volume change at uniform displacements were found between 1- and 2-walled defects. CONCLUSIONS: Displacement of 1- and 2-walled orbital defects results in a direct and linear change in both orbital volume and enophthalmos, regardless of the location of the defect.

Enophthalmos↗
PubMed2005

Forecasting models to quantify three anthropogenic stresses on coral reefs from marine recreation: anchor damage, diver contact and copper emission from antifouling paint.

This research focuses on damage to coral reefs from three anthropogenic stresses: the dropping of anchors and their chains, human contact, and emission of copper from antifouling paints. Forecasting models are described that quantify degradation in terms of percentage of coral cover damaged/year or increasing levels of water toxicity/year. The models utilize a Monte Carlo simulation that applies a range of values or a probability distribution to each of the numerous uncertain variables. This model has the flexibility to adapt, and become more accurate, when users input assumptions specific to their diving sites. Given our specific assumptions for a frequently visited site, anchors and their chains forecast a distribution of coral reef cover damage with a mean of 7.11%+/-4.77%, diver contact forecast a distribution of coral reef cover damage with a mean of 0.67%+/-0.38%, and antifouling paint forecast a distribution of copper level increase in the water with a mean of 0.037+/-0.014ppb. The results support recommendations for the implementation and sustained use of several specific marine recreation practices.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Inter-arm asymmetry in bone mineral content and bone area in postmenopausal recreational tennis players.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether long-term recreational tennis participation is associated with increased bone and muscle mass in the dominant compared to the non-dominant arm, in postmenopausal tennis players. METHODS: Dual-energy X-ray whole body scans were performed in 10 postmenopausal tennis players (mean +/- S.D.; 59.7 +/- 4.8 years) and 12 postmenopausal non-active women (62.8 +/- 7.2 years) matched for age and height. Tennis players started in this sport at 31.4 +/- 8.8 years, and had been playing for 26.8 +/- 6.8 years, at least 3 h per week. In addition, shoulder isokinetic muscular strength was also evaluated. RESULTS: Tennis participation resulted in a lower whole mass and fat mass in both arms (P < 0.05). Dominant arm muscle mass and shoulder joint isokinetic strength were essentially similar in both groups, however, the tennis players showed 8% greater bone mineral content and 7% greater osseous area in the dominant than in the non-dominant arm (P < 0.05). No inter-arm differences were found in bone mineral density. A relationship was observed between the length of tennis participation and the degree of inter-arm asymmetry in bone mineral content (r = 0.81, P < 0.01) and bone area (r = 0.78, P < 0.01). However, the BMD of the arms was essentially similar in both groups. No differences were observed in femoral and lumbar bone mass and density between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term tennis participation is associated with increased bone mass, but not BMD, in the dominant arm of postmenopausal tennis players. The magnitude of the inter-arm asymmetry of postmenopausal tennis players is proportional to the length of tennis participation.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2004

From the street to the brain: neurobiology of the recreational drug gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.

gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a short-chain fatty acid that occurs naturally in the mammalian brain and is formed primarily from the precursor gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The properties of GHB suggest that it has a neuromodulatory role in the brain and has the ability to induce several pharmacological and behavioral effects. GHB has been used clinically as an anesthetic and to treat alcoholism and narcolepsy. Furthermore, GHB has emerged recently as a major recreational drug of abuse. GHB appears to have dual mechanisms of action in the brain. Biochemical data suggest that the intrinsic neurobiological activity of GHB might be mediated through the GHB receptor, which is separate and distinct from the GABA(B) receptor. However, many of the pharmacological and clinical effects of exogenously administered GHB, including the properties of addiction, tolerance, withdrawal and intoxication, are probably mediated via the GABA(B) receptor, where GHB might act both directly as a partial agonist and indirectly through GHB-derived GABA.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of Enterococcus measurements in freshwater at two recreational beaches by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and membrane filter culture analysis.

Cell densities of the fecal pollution indicator genus, Enterococcus, were determined by a rapid (3 h or less) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) analysis method in 100 ml water samples collected from recreational beaches on Lake Michigan and Lake Erie during the summer of 2003. Measurements by this method were compared with counts of Enterococcus colony-forming units (CFU) determined by Method 1600 membrane filter (MF) analysis using mEI agar. The QPCR method had an estimated 95% confidence, minimum detection limit of 27 Enterococcus cells per sample in analyses of undiluted DNA extracts and quantitative analyses of multiple lake water samples, spiked with known numbers of these organisms, gave geometric mean results that were highly consistent with the spike levels. At both beaches, the geometric means of ambient Enterococcus concentrations in water samples, determined from multiple collection points during each sampling visit, showed approximately lognormal distributions over the study period using both QPCR and MF analyses. These geometric means ranged from 10 to 8548 cells by QPCR analysis and 1-2499 CFU by MF culture analysis in Lake Michigan (N=56) and from 8 to 8695 cells by QPCR and 3-1941 CFU by MF culture in Lake Erie (N=47). Regression analysis of these results showed a significant positive correlation between the two methods with an overall correlation coefficient (r) of 0.68.

Agar↗
PubMed1984

Recreational and sports recommendations for the child with heart disease.

Although there is widespread acceptance that some children with congenital or acquired heart disease need exercise proscription, there is little data on which to base recommendations. In this article, the author, after reviewing the hemodynamic burdens of the common cardiac anomalies in children, gives his personal recommendations for recreational and sports activities.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

Measurement of trihalomethanes in potable and recreational waters using solid phase micro extraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Solid phase micro extraction (SPME) was applied to the determination of selected trihalomethanes (THMs), chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromoform, in potable and recreational waters. The selected samples were environmentally significant due to mandatory limits imposed by regulatory agencies. Extraction of the analytes was performed using headspace SPME (fused silica fibre with a 100 microm poly(dimethylsiloxane coating) followed by thermal desorption at 220 degrees C and GC-MS analysis. A linear working range of 10-160 microg/l was established with relative standard deviations (%RSD) within the range, 0.9-19%. Limits of detection (LOD) were 1.0-2.8 microg/l. The highest THM concentration was 61.8 microg/l which was well within the proposed European Union directive of 100 microg/l. The total THMs determined in swimming pool waters ranged from 105-134 microg/l, with chloroform accounting for 84-86% of total THM.

Bromine↗