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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Diagnostic significance of sleep EEGs in children with febrile convulsions].

The sleep EEGs of 52 children suffering from febrile seizures were recorded. Their waking EEGs were free of epileptic activity. Only a few patients fell asleep without medication, the majority received 2 mg/kg body weight of promazine hydrochloride. Epileptic activity occurred in the sleep EEG of 15 out of 52 patients (29%). Exclusively short generalized paroxysms of high amplitude, mostly irregular and partially abortive 3-4/sec spike-wave complexes and occasional 2.5/sec sharp-slow-wave complexes were recorded. Epileptic discharges were detected in the B stage in 11 patients, in the C stage in 10 patients, in the A stage in 7 patients and in the stage D in two patients. They were recorded more often in cases where more than one seizure had occurred, and where the patients were more than two years of age. Generalized spikes and waves were also seen most frequently in the case of so-called complicated febrile convulsions. Although there were differences in the cases of females, in incidences of a family history of seizures and delayed toilet training, these were not statistical significant. Likewise, a complicated pregnancy and birth as well as a delayed stato-motoric development showed no correlation. These results together with other findings justify the conclusion, that the majority of febrile convulsions should be classified amongst the primary generalized epilepsies.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Spin-label study of phenothiazine interactions with erythrocyte ghost membranes: a possible membrane-mediated antisickling action.

Erythrocyte membrane alterations by 11 phenothiazine derivatives known to inhibit the sickling phenomenon in vitro have been evaluated in ghosts by the spin-labeling technique. Four sulfydryl-reactive spin labels were employed: 4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl; 4-(2-iodoacetamido)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl; 3-[(2-iodoacetamido)methyl]-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxyl; and 3-(maleimidomethyl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidiny-loxyl. The latter spin label was judged most useful since its spectrum was sensitive to subtle perturbations by drugs spanning a considerable potency range. An increase in spin-probe immobilization was induced by each drug with approximate relative potencies given by the order: desmethylchlorpromazine congruent to thioridazine congruent to fluphenazine congruent to prochlorperazine congruent to trifluoperazine greater than acetophenazine congruent to triflupromazine congruent to chlorpromazine greater than promazine greater than promethazine greater than perphenazine. This order correlates (P less than .01) with their antisickling potency in vitro.

Antisickling Agents↗
PubMed1982

Interactions between drugs and intravenous delivery systems.

The loss of 45 drugs from intravenous solutions during simulated infusions through plastic infusion sets; factors affecting such losses; and ways to minimize these losses are investigated. A total of 43 drugs was studied in 0.9% sodium chloride solution; one drug was in 5% dextrose solution and one in a solvent supplied by the manufacturer. Drug loss was studied in plastic infusion sets, with and without burette chambers, and glass infusion bottles; polyethylene and silastic tubing with glass syringes on an infusion pump; and single-use all-plastic syringes. Variables studied were flow rates, infusion times, drug concentrations, pH, and tubing lengths and radii. Clomethiazole edisylate, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, diazepam, promazine hydrochloride, promethazine hydrochloride, thiopental sodium, thioridazine hydrochloride, and trifluoperazine dihydrochloride were lost from solution during infusions through at least one system. The loss of most drugs during infusion was slow, time-dependent, and concentration-independent, indicating a diffusion-controlled sorption process rather than a binding, adsorptive process. Drug loss was lowest in short lengths small-diameter tubing with low permeability constants. None of the drugs was lost stored in all-plastic single-use syringes. It is concluded that loss of drugs through sorption processes can be minimized by administering infusions through short lengths of small-diameter tubing made of inert plastics.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1980

Studies on the prevention of CCl4 induced liver necrosis by agents having effects on cell membrane.

Nupercaine, promazine and benadryl partially prevented liver injury produced by CCl4 given orally, 24 hours after administration, in contrast to cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and anthisan which did not show any effect. Only benadryl and anthisan were able to partially prevent liver damage at 24 hours caused by ip administration of CCl4. None of these compounds decreased CCl4 content in liver at 1; 3 or 6 hours after oral CCl4 administration. Results suggest that benadryl could prevent liver necrosis, changing the cell response to injury by CCl4.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Neonatal medication surveillance by the pharmacist.

Data on prenatal, labor and delivery, and postnatal medication exposure to neonates were collected. During an 11-week period, 100 neonates consecutively admitted to a hospital were studied. The pharmacist obtained a social and medication history from the mothers and reviewed maternal anesthesia records and the charts of the neonates. Fifteen definite and possible adverse medication reactions were detected in 13 neonates. The median number of different medications ingested prenatally was 4.7. The four most commonly ingested prenatal medications were vitamins (97%), iron preparations (90%), headache/pain/arthritis medications (68%) and antinausea/vomiting medications (40%). The most commonly used medications during labor and delivery were oxytocin (73%), meperidine (33%) and promazine (25%). The use of strong narcotics during this period produced neonatal respiratory depression in some cases. The four most commonly prescribed postnatal medications were vitamin K1 (100%), gentamicin (10%), ampicillin (8%) and Poly-Vi-Sol (6%). The maternal interview indicated that most mothers were unaware of the influence that many medications can play upon the fetus. It is recommended that the pharmacist conduct a maternal medication interview prior to labor and delivery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antimutagenicity of phenothiazine-metal co-ordination complexes in chemically induced mutagenesis.

Phenothiazines are heterocyclic organic compounds in which nitrogen and sulfur are incorporated in the tricyclic system, and are known to have antimutagenic activity by shielding DNA-base pairs. Inorganic metals have also been intensively studied for DNA-adduct formation as potential anticancer agents. Phenothiazine, promethazine, promazine and chlorpromazine were complexed either with copper, palladium or gold. The antimutagenicity of twelve phenothiazine-metal complexes, four phenothiazines and three inorganic metals was examined on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain treated with a strain-specific, direct-acting mutagen, 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine, and the ligand-DNA interaction was analyzed by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. Phenothiazine-metal co-ordination complexes generally increased their antimutagenic activity, compared to their parent compounds, and the enhanced antimutagenicity was attributed to their interaction with DNA as evidenced by the UV spectra.

Anticarcinogenic Agents↗
PubMed1976

Gas-chromatographic analysis for therapeutic concentration of imipramine and disipramine in plasma, with use of a nitrogen detector.

We describe a method for the simultaneous gas-chromatographic analysis of imipramine and desipramine (the active N-desmethyl metabolite) at therapeutic concentrations in human plasma, with use of a nitrogen detector. Imipramine is measured as the unchanged base and desipramine as its N-tribluoroacetyl derivative. Promazine is the internal standard. The lower limit of sensitivity is 5 mug/liter for each drug, and the within-day coefficients of variation for the determination of imipramine and desipramine, respectively, are 6.0% and 3.3%. We measured concentrations of these drugs both in patients receiving therapeutic doses of imipramine and in those who had ingested an overdose.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1976

[Anesthetic technics for surgery in otoneurology].

A description is given of a technique named "Protected Sleep", which produces a deep and residual analgesia and neurolepsia, without interfering with spontaneous respiration. A deep, stable and reliable neuroanesthesia is achieved by means of a partial pharmacodynamic blockage of the neuro-humoral reaction system. It is recognisable by the following features: 1 degree a smooth transition through pre-, per- and post-operative stages, avoiding in particular immediate awakening; 2 degrees a relative arterial hypotension, low venous pressure good peripheral circulation and tissular perfusion; 3 degrees light hypothermia; 4 degrees completely spontaneous respiration. This last factor is, to our way of thinking, of great importance: The venous return remains physiologically unchanged during inspiration in the peroperative as well as in the pre- and postoperative phases, enabling the maintenance of a constant, low venous pressure. Furthermore, should danger exist, the preservation of spontaneous respiration facilitates the immediate control of the respiratory centre. In this way we can obtain: 1. An almost perfect bloodless surgical field with good conditions for dissecting. 2. A low cerebro-spinal fluid pressure. 3. Decreased brain volume. 4. Absence of postoperative haemorrage. 5. Little of no postoperative oedema. 6. Little or no postoperative hyperthermia. "Protected sleep" is a pharmacodynamic technique realised mainly through administration of a combined and sufficient dose of pethidine, N-allyl-normorphine and levome promazine. For induction, a given dose of diazepam is combined with a single dose of succinyl-choline, to facilitate intubation, followed by a large dose of the narco-neuro-leptanalgesic mixture. For maintenance, nitrous oxide, oxygen, methoxyflurane and additional doses of the mentioned mixture are administered. Undirectional gas flow, without rebreathing, is provided, using the Ruben valve. In this paper on neuroanaesthesia, the technique of "Protected Sleep" and the pre-, per- and postoperative management and positioning of the neurosurgical patient are described in detail.

Anesthesia, General↗