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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

The effectiveness of grammar instruction for individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication systems: a preliminary study.

This study examined the effectiveness of an instructional program designed to teach grammar skills to individuals who communicated via augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). A single-subject, multiple probe across behaviors design was used to measure the effect of the instructional program on the acquisition and maintenance of the skills learned. Two adults with cerebral palsy participated in the study. The instructional program was used to teach 2 grammatical forms to each participant. Word order in adjective phrases and inversion of the auxiliary do in wh- questions was targeted for 1 participant; use of possessive pronouns and inclusion of to when using infinitives as modal verbs was targeted for the second participant. The instructional program was shown to be effective. Both participants learned to produce the grammatical forms taught. One participant maintained these skills for at least 2 months after the completion of instruction; the other participant required additional instruction in order to maintain the skills learned. Although based on a small sample, the results suggest that intervention can help individuals who use AAC improve their grammar skills. Limitations of the study are discussed, along with directions for future research.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Computer analysis of nucleic acid regulatory sequences.

We describe a computer program designed to facilitate the analysis of nucleic acid sequences. The program can search several nucleic acid sequences for oligonucleotides common to all of them. It can examine a DNA or RNA sequence for two kinds of homologous regions--repetitions and dyad symmetries. The homologies need not be perfect: mismatches and "looping out" of nucleotides are allowed. The program also finds (A+T)- and (G+C)-rich regions, locates restriction enzyme recognition sites, determines the distribution of di- and trinucleotides, and performs various other functions. We include two representative applications of the program. All published prokaryotic transcription termination sequences (June 1977) were found to share the following features: (i) a string of at least five T residues, (ii) the sequence CGGGC or a close analog immediately preceding the T cluster, (iii) a region of strong dyad symmetry preceding the Ts and including the CGGGC sequence. A sequence of 221 nucleotides consisting of the Escherichia coli trp promoter, operator, and leader was found to contain two strong dyad symmetries. These homologies both occur at known regulatory sites; no comparable homologies occur in regions without regulatory significance.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Involuntary smoking cessation: a treatment option in chemical dependency programs for women and children.

Recent research has indicated that a relationship exists between nicotine addiction and the abuse of other substances. This relationship, as well as the severe impact of nicotine addiction on the health of women, their children, and the developing fetus, provides the basis of a rationale for developing chemical dependency programs for women where smoking is not allowed. Involuntary smoking cessation (ISC) programs have been tried recently in mixed-gender and male-only programs, and have met with strong resistance from clients. In most published reports this resistance was strong enough to force the programs to eliminate the ISC policy. This article describes the development of an ISC program at a residential substance abuse treatment center for pregnant and postpartum women and their children. It traces the evolution of tactics to defuse resistance and enlist client support for the program. The development of techniques to measure the effectiveness of the program are also presented. Preliminary results indicate that a properly designed program can be instituted at a residential treatment center for women without excessive program disruption and with positive results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Student projects enhance competency in community-based nursing practice.

Trends in healthcare delivery toward community-based care challenge nurse educators to design nursing curricula and learning experiences that prepare students for practice in community settings. The authors describe how faculty used student projects to enhance community learning experiences. The projects were designed to help students gain skill in the process of program design and evaluation and an appreciation and enthusiasm for community-based nursing practice.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2003

Taking primary care continuing professional education to rural areas: lessons from the United Arab Emirates.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of a practice based multidisciplinary educational program. DESIGN: A descriptive account of experiences in introducing a new program of continuing professional development. SETTING: Rural primary health care centres in the United Arab Emirates. SUBJECTS: All staff working in the rural health centres. RESULTS: The educational intervention proved popular and appeared to effect a behavioural change. Teamwork in the health centres showed a marked improvement. CONCLUSION: A practice-based, multidisciplinary educational program using case-based learning proved to be effective when introduced to rural health centres of a developing country with multiracial health care professionals. .

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

Ethnicity, gender, and global risk indicators in the lives of status offenders coming to the attention of the juvenile court.

The present study examined the risks and needs of status offenders in comparison to an at-large juvenile court sample, with specific attention paid to factors related to gender and ethnicity. Status offenders displayed significantly higher risk scores than the comparison sample in domains associated with both family and parenting concerns and educational concerns. In addition, females displayed higher risk levels than males and White youth displayed significantly higher risk levels than minority youth across a wide variety of risk domains. Further analyses were conducted regarding the participation of African American males and females in a program designed as an alternative to detention. For both groups, successful program completion was accompanied by little or no further court involvement, whereas failure to complete the program was related to a variety of negative outcomes. However, African American females and males successfully completing program requirements displayed different risks and needs at the outset of their participation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

"Tobacco has a purpose, not just a past": Feasibility of developing a culturally appropriate smoking cessation program for a pan-tribal native population.

Tobacco has long held spiritual significance to Native people of North America but, because of recreational use, it has become a health risk relatively recently. More Native people smoke than any other ethnic group (41 percent vs. 24 percent in whites and blacks), and death rates caused by tobacco-related diseases are disproportionately high. However, no tested, culturally tailored smoking cessation programs exist for this group. We used a critical-interpretive framework to understand the meaning of tobacco and the feasibility of smoking cessation interventions in a pan-tribal population. In June 2004, the University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC) and the Oklahoma Area Indian Health Service (IHS) collaborated on six focus groups with (IHS) patients. The patients served represent over 200 different nations. Our participants provided us with modifications to a currently untested program designed by the Muscogee Nation of Oklahoma's Tobacco Prevention Program to enhance cultural appropriateness, including (1) an emphasis on visual presentation and a "Native" look to program educational materials; (2) comprehensive information about tobacco, quitting, and coping among Native people; (3) an acknowledgment and incorporation of traditional tobacco use and its diversity; and (4) the use of talking circles and counseling with Native facilitators.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Turkish version of the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration: a preliminary study.

BACKGROUND: The Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration is an established instrument to measure the perceived work relationship between physicians and nurses. The survey addresses areas of autonomy and decision making, interprofessional education and relations, psychosocial care, teamwork, and shared responsibility. The aim of this prelimiary study was to adapt the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration for use in Turkey and test its psychometric properties and utility in clinical and research practice. METHODS: The process of cross-cultural adaptation and validation followed the guidelines provided in the existing literature. First, three bilingual health professionals independently translated the original questionnaire into Turkish and a consensus version was generated. Then, three other translators, blind to the original questionnaire, performed a back translation into English to confirm the accuracy of the translation. This version was then compared with the original English questionnaire. Discrepancies were discussed and solved by a panel of two nurses and two physicians. The field-testing for face validity was done in a group of ten monolingual physicians and nurses. Reliability was assessed with test-retest reliability and construct validity was confirmed with factor analysis. RESULTS: The mean time of questionnaire administration was 3 minutes and 45 seconds. The test-retest reliability was 0.75, and Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.71 for the entire sample. The findings of the factor analysis indicated that the Turkish version of Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration was comprised of the following four factors: 'physician-nurse relationships', 'shared education', 'nursing role in patient care', and 'accountability and responsibility of nurses.' CONCLUSION: The overall findings of this study indicate that the Turkish version of the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration is a psychometrically sound tool with satisfactory measurement characteristics including construct validity and internal consistency reliability. This instrument may be useful in assessing the effectiveness of educational programs designed to enhance collaboration between physicians and nurses, whether these programs are aimed at residents and graduate nursing students or practicing physicians and nurses.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Trustee Week: education for trustees, by trustees.

Trustee Week, an in-depth educational program designed and conducted by the University of Washington's Graduate Program in Health Administration and Planning under a grant from the W. K. Kellogg Foundation to the Western Network for Education in Health Administration, uses a graduated workshop format to allow trustees to select the level best suited to their needs.

Governing Board↗
PubMed1992

MSNJ Auxiliary: responsibility on water.

The Medical Society of New Jersey Auxiliary kicked off its Responsibility on Water program. Designed and planned by MSNJA President Marion H. Geib, the program is intended to make children and adults aware of the deadly mix of alcohol and water activities.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed2004

Faculty members acceptance of web-based education.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of the WebCLS project on clinical laboratory science (CLS) faculty members including improvement of participating CLS educators' skills in designing, developing, delivering, and evaluating interactive, Web-based instructional programs. DESIGN: A survey was developed that included 24 statements related to respondents' perceptions of how their participation in the project: a) improved their course development skills, b) developed their evaluation skills, and c) affected them personally. Four open-ended questions asked the respondents to comment on the project's effect on their traditional course development skills, plans for future usage of WebCLS-produced course materials, the most beneficial outcomes of their participation, any problems that participation in the project caused them, and any unexpected positive or negative outcomes that could be attributed to their participation. SETTING: The survey was sent to 27 individuals who had participated in the project. RESULTS: Twenty-four participants completed the survey for an 89% response rate. The mean response was 6.82 (S.D. 2.32) with sixteen respondents' (73%) reporting participation at the mean or above. CONCLUSION: Overall, the WebCLS project accomplished its objective of improving CLS educators' Web-based, distance education course development skills. One of the most positive outcomes of the project was the survey respondents' belief that their participation in the project expanded their contacts with colleagues in CLS education as well as with instructional design experts, computer programmers, and other technical support personnel. Furthermore, this outcome prompted several participating faculty to report that this enhanced collegial relationship will sustain their interest in curriculum development over time.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

Exercise adherence for a strength training program in older adults.

The first purpose of the present investigation was to examine initiation of a moderate intensity strength training and flexibility program in older adults. The second purpose was to assess adherence to training six months after conclusion of the initiation period. Forty-six apparently healthy older adults (mean age = 71.3; 33 women; 13 men) trained one hour, three days a week, for 4 months on a Nautilus Multi-Station Unit. The subjects trained on five upper extremity, three trunk, and three lower extremity stations. Training sessions consisted of 50 minutes of strength training and 10 minutes of flexibility exercises. Baseline exercise habits were obtained from the subjects using the Physical Exercise Profile (PEP). Subjects also completed portions of the PEP immediately following the conclusion of the 4-month intervention and 6 months later. The data were analyzed by chi square contingency tables. The subjects had over a 95% initiation rate during the study. Exercise leadership and program organization were found to be the most important reasons for the high initiation rate. Two determinants that influenced older adults to continue training were identified: satisfaction with the exercise routine and body image. These results indicate that exercise programs designed for older adults should emphasize exercise leadership to facilitate program initiation and subsequent exercise adherence.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhancing the safety of children in foster care and family support programs: automated critical incident reporting.

The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 has made child safety an explicit focus in child welfare. The authors describe an automated critical incident reporting program designed for use in foster care and family-support programs. The program, which is based in Lotus Notes and uses e-mail to route incident reports from direct service staff to supervisors and administrators, facilitates timely clinical oversight and risk management and ensures the security of clients' protected health information. The authors present data collected using the program to illustrate how it can be used to monitor abuse and neglect allegations in a foster care program. A survey of users found that the program saved time, was easy to use, and helped manage critical incident reports.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Abortion storms--projection for the future.

Most abortions are of an endemic and sporadic nature but some problems reach epidemic (storm) proportions. In many laboratories, the etiological agent is determined in about 25% of the cases. In the future, practitioners and laboratories working together can: 1) respond to owner concern, 2) quickly determine if one of the better defined contagious diseases is present, and 3) cooperate in developing a responsive, field oriented diagnostic and investigative program designed to better define factors concerned in abortion problems. A program for meeting these needs is suggested.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1993

The development of a comprehensive bereavement program to assist families experiencing pediatric loss.

One of the most difficult situations encountered by pediatric nurses is dealing with families experiencing the death of a child. This article describes the development of the H.O.P.E.S. Program (Healing of Parents Experiencing Sorrow), a comprehensive bereavement program designed to assist families who have experienced pediatric loss. This program has been well-received by both families and staff and has enabled staff to interact more confidently with families at a very difficult time in their lives.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Family practice instructional development models in Taiwan, review and prospective.

The National Health Insurance Program began in March 1995 in Taiwan. The success of the program depends largely on the operation of "Regionalization Medical Networks" which rely on family practice to provide cost-effective medical care. Instructional development activity needs to be addressed as the highest priority, to meet the impelling needs of family practice training. The acute shortage of family practice educators in Taiwan draws attention for a need of family practice faculty development programs, including short-term seminars and long-term fellowships. Continuing education programs in family practice help keep abreast the scientific as well as the social developments in familiarizing new guidelines of the National Health Insurance Program. Residency training programs that are community-based and ambulatory-oriented will prepare family practice resident physicians to make contributions for the future of "Regionalization Medical Networks". As well, the undergraduate family practice education programs will prepare future physicians with the adaptations and the challenges of the National Health Insurance Program. The allied health education programs are fundamental to build family practice teams to meet community health needs. Lastly, public education programs designed to familiarize the public with the National Health Insurance Program will help give the public an understanding and appreciation of the contributions of family practice in the health care delivery.

Education, Continuing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of prostate knowledge of African-American and Caucasian men: changes from prescreening baseline to postintervention.

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine if a community screening program designed to overcome key barriers (lack of awareness, cost of program, ease of access to care) could successfully impact on African-American males' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding prostate cancer screening. The focus of this report is knowledge. To date, there are no reported studies that examine differences in knowledge from a prescreening baseline to a postintervention level for minority participants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 944 men were enrolled in the study in a 20-month period. Prostate screening and education were offered as a new service at an existing senior health clinic. In addition, mass screenings were offered approximately monthly at various locations in the community (including senior community centers, senior apartment complexes, and some public housing projects). Screening included both the digital rectal examination and the prostate specific antigen test. A brief questionnaire was administered during client intake (the pretest) and repeated after the education and screening participation (the posttest). Test items targeted three constructs: (1) etiology, (2) risk status, and (3) clinical factors. RESULTS: The largest difference on pretest scores between the racial groups resulted from clinical factor knowledge. African-American men were significantly less likely than Caucasian men to correctly identify early symptoms of prostate cancer and the basic components of a prostate checkup. Although scores were initially significantly lower for African-American participants, these differences were not evident after program involvement. There was a significant increase in knowledge level for all men when comparing pretest and posttest scores. Significant improvement was noted for each test item, with the exception of one key item. Even after participation in the program, African-American men were still more likely to believe that "pain" was the first symptom of prostate cancer. DISCUSSION: An item-by-item analysis revealed that there was only one test item in which program participation did not "correct" knowledge. African-American men were still more likely to believe that pain was the first symptom that would alert them to the presence of cancer. The screening program included information (both printed and oral content) that emphasized the importance of routine screening to detect cancer at an early stage, because most men would experience no symptoms. The only other reported study that examined knowledge documented similar findings with respect to an understanding of symptomology. These findings can be used to direct or guide the educational component of future screening programs that hope to target African-American men.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1993

The role of outcome and efficacy expectations in an intervention designed to reduce infants' exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of a theoretical framework in an intervention program designed to reduce infants' exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The content of a nurse-based intervention focused on two psychosocial constructs: expectations of outcomes which may result from behaviors associated with ETS exposure and expectations of self-efficacy associated with the mother's ability to engage in these behaviors. This study found both constructs predictive of change in, and maintenance of, ETS exposure control. In particular, mothers reporting both low outcome and low efficacy expectations tended to have infants with the highest levels of ETS exposure. We also found that our intervention was effective in changing outcome and efficacy expectations in the desired direction. These findings suggest that outcome and efficacy expectations are changeable, and, therefore, represent important targets in future programs aimed at controlling ETS exposure.

Adolescent↗