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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Jordanian undergraduate nursing students' perceptions of effective clinical teachers.

Clinical teaching is a dynamic process that occurs in a variety of sociocultural contexts. The quality of student-teacher interaction in the clinical field can either facilitate or hinder the students' learning in the clinical area. This paper presents the results of a study to explore Jordanian undergraduate nursing students' perceptions of effective clinical teacher characteristics. The results showed that overall, the nursing students rated the professional competence of the clinical teacher as the most important characteristic, which when compared to the Western population was different. When male and female nursing students' perceptions were compared, no significant differences were found. However, responses of nursing students from the three academic years differed significantly in that second-year students rated the clinical teachers' relationship with students as most important and fourth-year students rated personal qualities of the clinical teachers as most important. The results were significant in that they were congruent with the students' level of education and most importantly, their cultural beliefs and values about education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A humanistic-educative approach to evaluation in nursing education.

A continuing challenge for nurse educators is to create a learning environment in which students receive fair and timely evaluations. Traditional or behavioural evaluation methods have been criticized as being too limited. A humanistic-educative evaluation method is offered with its emancipation of faculty and students and emphasis on collaboration, caring, creativity, critical thinking and self-assessment. A teacher-student shared home visit for a Family Nursing clinical assignment is provided to illustrate this approach. The potential benefit of the method for developing self-directed and competent professional nurses is proposed.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed2001

[Child and adolescent psychiatric aspects of expertising on children suffering from impediments in learning or mental perceptien].

Based on the efforts by the legislator to standardize the law for disabled persons and to simplify the accesses to appropriate assistance, procedures of expert reports are exemplarily presented from the aspect of child and adolescent psychiatry. Obliged to the principle of the two aspects for constituting a claim (which is first to set up a diagnosis and then to evaluate the existent or imminent handicap, both serving as the basis for the claim), etiological models, diagnostic - including developmental psychological - and therapeutic approaches in underlying psychiatric disorders of learning difficulties such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, specific developmental disorders in learning abilities, and mental retardation are described as the participation in social life is either at risk or already affected. With regard these descriptions it is readily recognizable that child and adolescent neuropsychiatry has not only to provide professional competence in cases of appraisal question formulations concerning special assistance in early childhood, determination of special educational needs, and creation of plans for auxilliary interventions, but should also be employed regularly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Chronic pancreatitis: weight loss and poor physical performance - experience from a specialized rehabilitation centre].

There are various potential explanations for weight-loss and poor physical performance in patients with chronic pancreatitis: In severe chronic pancreatitis the decline in enzyme secretion is an important cause for the malassimilation syndrome frequently seen in these patients. Occasionally, difficulties may arise in establishing this decline and in quantifying the secretory capacity of the gland. Many patients limit their food intake because of the pain caused by eating. In untreated patients with diabetes, glucosuria may contribute to their malnutrition. Insufficient funds for food due to alcoholism and anorexia may also be of some significance. Concomitant gastrointestinal diseases and malabsorption following gastrointestinal surgery are frequently found in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Neurological complications and traumatic lesions after accidents - often in connection to the underlying alcoholism - are joined by physical inactivity and thus contribute to the development of muscular atrophy and decreased physical performance. Consequently, rehabilitation of patients with chronic pancreatitis is challenging: They not only need expert medical treatment of both the symptoms of chronic pancreatitis and the concomitant disorders. Therapy must also include dietary support, careful physical training, and - in cases caused by alcoholism - psycho-social support. So far, the multi-professional competence required for these purposes can only be expected in a specialized rehabilitation centre.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Stuttering therapy in partnership with support groups: the best of both worlds.

The current challenges facing school-based speech-language pathologist (SLPs) make it increasingly difficult to provide "best practice" services for children who stutter. Traditional modes of therapy alone do not meet many of the needs of children who stutter and their families. Using an interdisciplinary "team" approach to therapy that incorporates support organizations may increase the probability of positive outcomes for children who stutter. By facilitating the introduction of a support organization experience into the direct therapy process, the school-based SLP is uniquely positioned to use this resource to complement an overall treatment strategy. Although there is no substitute for a competent, professional SLP as the primary care provider in the treatment of stuttering, this article outlines some of the many benefits that can be gained by partnering with support organizations when treating children who stutter.

Child↗
PubMed2004

[A validated questionnaire for measuring patient satisfaction in general and specialist ambulatory medical care: the Qualiskope-A].

PURPOSE: To develop a reliable and valid questionnaire to measure patient satisfaction in ambulatory care, enabling a detailed analysis of the determinants of patient satisfaction that is applicable in GP and specialist outpatient care. DESIGN: Questionnaire with 27 single items subdivided into four categories: "professional competence", "physician-patient interaction", "information", and "practice organisation". Survey of 3,487 patients in 123 medical practices. 1,151 patients were in specialist care and 2,336 patients in general medical care. RESULTS: Qualiskope-A is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring patient satisfaction in ambulatory care. All item-total correlations for single items were greater than r = 0.40. Coefficients for Cronbach's alpha for the four dimensions ranged between 0.87 and 0.94. CONCLUSIONS: The increasing political importance of patients' attitudes and satisfaction for the development of policy measures to ensure and improve the quality of care is beyond doubt. To make sure that the measurement of patient satisfaction does not only serve to meet regulatory requirements but helps to improve the quality of care and provides reliable data for health services research, a high standard is required for the questionnaires to be used. The Qualiskope-A and only few other instruments meet this high standard.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Integration of psychosocial services into the management of the child with cancer].

The integration of colleagues from psychosocial occupations into the traditional team of doctors and nurses demands a holistic treatment concept, the general desire for interdisciplinary action, and readiness for patience in the process of mutual learning. The acceptance of the psychosocial services by the patient and his/her family is frequently determined by the acceptance by physicians and nurses. The members of the psychosocial team are confronted with the following tasks.: 1. Developing a trustful relationship with the patient and his/her parents, 2. Setting up a history of family dynamics, 3. Practical assistance in matters of hospital routines, 4. Assistance in the emotional aspects of coping with the disease, 5. Rendering support to a patient and his/her family at death, 6. Leading and moderating groups of parents who live with so called "residual fear" or are mourning a child. Colleagues of the psychosocial team, who have to be able to cope with these existentially demanding tasks within a relationship to patients and their families over an extended period of time should have sufficient professional identity, adequate professional competence, and a certain foundation of life experience.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Malpractice coverage for health professionals with physical, mental, or substance-abuse impairments. How do insurance companies make their decisions?

How do insurance companies decide whether or not to provide malpractice insurance to health professionals? What information do they gather on applicants and renewing policyholders? Who has the responsibility to determine if health professionals are suffering from physical, mental, or substance-abuse impairments that make them unfit to care for patients? The authors conducted a survey to find the answers to these questions.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2000

Examination for professional practice in psychology subtest scores of professional and traditional clinical psychology program graduates.

Professional school clinical psychology graduates not only exhibit inferior performance on the research subtest of the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP; D. I. Templer & M. E. Tomeo, 1998), but they also perform less well on the four more professionally oriented subtests: diagnosis, intervention, professional/ethical/legal issues, and application to social systems. Graduates of free-standing professional schools exhibited performances inferior to those of graduates of non-free-standing professional schools on the diagnosis, intervention, and professional/ethical/legal subtests.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2003

Attitudes accentuate attributes in social judgment: the combined effects of substance use, depression, and technical incompetence on judgments of professional impairment.

Evaluative reactions involving attitudes have been shown to affect social judgments under certain conditions. Researchers assume that personality traits and behaviors toward which people hold strong attitudes evoke evaluative reactions. Such reactions influence the importance of these attributes as they are integrated with other information during the formation of social judgments and, in part, account for the accentuation effect. Social judgment was studied in the context of professional-impairment impressions provided by nurses. Data were modeled using hierarchical techniques to examine the interaction between within-judge differences in attribute weighting and between-judges differences in attitudes. Social judgments of fictitious targets were moderated by individual differences in judges' attitudes toward negative target attributes; some, but not all, attributes were accentuated as predicted.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Who would become a successful Dean of Faculty of Medicine: academic or clinician or administrator?

It has been a long tradition that the medical school dean is an expert in a specialist field with a well-established reputation in research and clinical services. Medical education is no longer simply disease orientated; it is required to put an emphasis on prevention, the need for better management of the health care system, and the need for a better understanding of the sociopolitical aspects of medical care. The deans of medical schools must appreciate the social role of medical education, and the social contract with the community. Although doctors might have difficulties with leadership because they are trained to work as individuals and to value highly their independence and autonomy, good communication skills are an asset for clinicians in management roles. It does not matter whether the background of the dean is academic, clinical or administrative; the most important thing is to possess the managerial skills to tackle the three-way tension between management, academic leadership and professional leadership. The job should be open to people with a good knowledge of and background in health and fiscal expertise, and also a high degree of management, diplomatic and interpersonal skills. Those skills should also be emphasized in the medical curriculum.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Chronically diseased patients and their doctors.

The doctor-patient relationship reflects the role of the physician in society and has thus experienced substantial changes over time. Medical authority can be dissected into three elements, all of which appear essential for any doctor-patient relationship: sapiental authority, i.e. professional competence as called for e.g. by the system of evidence-based medicine; moral authority (paternalism); and charismatic-empathic authority (to treat any patient like a friend). These elements are mirrored by chronically diseased patients who want to be seen as either consumers, clients or patients. The healthcare system needs these three elements to be maintained and further developed and medical school education needs to focus more specifically on these basics of patient care.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2004

How to conceptualize professionalism: a qualitative study.

The aim of this study was to clarify which themes and elements constitute professionalism in medicine. Three consecutive steps were taken: (a) a systematic search of the literature to identify constituent elements of professionalism mentioned in definitions and descriptions of the concept; (b) analysis of these elements using the constant comparison technique to reveal possible themes covering these elements; and (c) validating the results using an expert panel. A total of 90 separate elements of professionalism were identified in the 57 articles included in our study. Three themes within professionalism were uncovered: (1) interpersonal professionalism; (2) public professionalism; and (3) intrapersonal professionalism. These themes were considered accurate by the expert panel which supports the validity of the results. Our findings show that the concept of professionalism is multidimensional and should be conceptualized as such.

Humans↗