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POPULATION.

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Humans↗

[Dental caries and socioeconomic development of Sardinian population].

A statistical survey has been carried out on the incidence of caries in the population of Sardinia. It is shown that the DMF index has grown steadily from 2.6 among the young (0-12 year old) to 13.07 in the group aged between 20.1 and 30. The socioeconomic changes of the past thirty years in Sardinia are looked at in an attempt to explain this phenomenon.

Adolescent↗

Summary health statistics for the U.S. population: National Health Interview Survey, 1997.

OBJECTIVES: This report presents health statistics from the 1997 National Health Interview Survey for the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States, classified by age, gender, race and Hispanic origin, poverty status, income, education, place of residence, region of residence, and, where appropriate, health insurance coverage. The topics covered are health status and limitations of activity, injuries and poisonings, health care access and utilization, and health insurance coverage. SOURCE OF DATA: The NHIS is a multistage probability sample survey conducted annually by interviewers of the U.S. Census Bureau for the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and is representative of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Data are collected during face-to-face interviews with adults present at the time of interview. Information about children and absent adults is obtained from an adult proxy respondent. HIGHLIGHTS: Nearly 40% of Americans reported having excellent health in 1997, while almost 10% reported having either fair or poor health. Regarding health insurance coverage, 16% of the U.S. population did not have any health insurance coverage in 1997. Nineteen percent of non-Hispanic black persons and 33% of Hispanics were uninsured in 1997 as opposed to 12% of non-Hispanic white persons. Further, 45% of poor Hispanics and 43% of near poor Hispanics under age 65 years were uninsured, while among persons ages 65 years and over, 7% of poor Hispanics were uninsured. Lastly, 78% of non-Hispanic white persons under age 65 years had private health insurance coverage as opposed to 55% non-Hispanic black persons and 46% of Hispanics in this same age category.

Activities of Daily Living↗

Dynamical and statistical models of vertebrate population dynamics.

Population dynamics methodology now powerfully combines discrete time models (with constant parameters, density dependence, random environment, and/or demographic stochasticity) and capture-recapture models for estimating demographic parameters. Vertebrate population dynamics has strongly benefited from this progress: survival estimates have been revised upwards, trade-offs between life history traits have been demonstrated, analyses of population viability and management are more and more realistic. Promising developments concern random effects, multistate and integrated models. Some biological questions (density dependence, links between individual and population levels, and diversification of life histories) can now be efficiently attacked.

Animals↗

Summary health statistics for the U.S. population: National Health Interview Survey, 1998.

OBJECTIVES: This report presents health statistics from the 1998 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States, classified by age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, poverty status, family income, education, place of residence, region of residence, and, where appropriate, health insurance coverage. The topics covered are health status and limitations of activity, injuries and poisonings, health care access and utilization, and health insurance coverage. SOURCE OF DATA: The NHIS is a multistage probability sample survey conducted annually by interviewers of the U.S. Census Bureau for the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and is representative of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Data are collected during face-to-face interviews with adults present at the time of interview. Information about children and absent adults is obtained from an adult proxy respondent. HIGHLIGHTS: Nearly 40% of Americans reported having excellent health in 1998, while almost 9% reported having either fair or poor health. Fifteen percent of the U.S. population did not have any health insurance coverage in 1998. Nineteen percent of non-Hispanic black persons and 33% of Hispanics were uninsured in 1998, as opposed to 11% of non-Hispanic white persons. Further, 46% of poor Hispanics and 44% of near-poor Hispanics under age 65 years were uninsured; percents of uninsurance among poor and near poor non-Hispanic white and black persons under age 65 years were much lower. Lastly, 80% of non-Hispanic white persons under age 65 years had private health insurance coverage, as opposed to 55% of non-Hispanic black persons and 49% of Hispanics in this same age category.

Activities of Daily Living↗

Summary health statistics for the U.S. population: National Health Interview Survey, 1999.

OBJECTIVES: This report presents health statistics from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States, classified by age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, poverty status, family income, education, place of residence, region of residence, and, where appropriate, health insurance coverage. The topics covered are health status and limitations of activity, injuries and poisonings, health care access and utilization, and health insurance coverage. SOURCE OF DATA: The NHIS is a multistage probability sample survey conducted annually by interviewers of the U.S. Census Bureau for the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and is representative of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Data are collected during face-to-face interviews with adults present at the time of interview. Information about children and absent adults is obtained from an adult proxy respondent. SELECTED HIGHLIGHTS: Nearly 40% of Americans reported having excellent health in 1999, while almost 9% reported having either fair or poor health. Fourteen percent of the U.S. population did not have any health insurance coverage in 1999. Eighteen percent of single race non-Hispanic black persons and 32% of Hispanics were uninsured in 1999, compared with 11% of single race non-Hispanic white persons. Further, 47% of poor Hispanics and 43% of near poor Hispanics under age 65 years were uninsured; percents of uninsurance among poor and near poor single race non-Hispanic white and black persons under age 65 years were much lower. Eighty percent of single race non-Hispanic white persons under age 65 years had private health insurance coverage, compared with 57% of single race non-Hispanic blacks and 49% of Hispanics in this same age category.

Absenteeism↗

Gene genealogy and properties of test statistics of neutrality under population growth.

We consider the Wright-Fisher model with exponential population growth and investigate effects of population growth on the shape of genealogy and the distributions of several test statistics of neutrality. In the limiting case as the population grows rapidly, the rapid-growth-limit genealogy is characterized. We obtained approximate expressions for expectations and variances of test statistics in the rapid-growth-limit genealogy and star genealogy. The distributions in the star genealogy are narrower than those in the cases of the simulated and rapid-growth-limit genealogies. The expectations and variances of the test statistics are monotone decreasing functions of the time length of the expansion, and the higher power of R(2) against population growth is suggested to be due to their smaller variances rather than to change of the expectations. We also investigated by simulation how quickly the distributions of test statistics approach those of the rapid-growth-limit genealogy.

Models, Genetic↗

Summary health statistics for the U.S. population: National Health Interview Survey, 2001.

OBJECTIVES: This report presents health statistics from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey for the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States, classified by age, sex, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, family income, poverty status, education, place of residence, region of residence, and, where appropriate, health insurance coverage. The topics covered are health status and limitations in activities, special education or early intervention services, injuries and poisonings, health care access and utilization, and health insurance coverage. SOURCE OF DATA: The NHIS is a household, multistage probability sample survey conducted annually by interviewers of the U.S. Census Bureau for the Centers for Disease Control's National Center for Health Statistics. Household interviews were completed for 100,760 persons living in 38,932 households, reflecting a household response rate of 89%. SELECTED HIGHLIGHTS: Nearly 7 in 10 persons were in excellent or very good health in 2001. About 33 million persons (12%) were limited in their usual activities due to one or more chronic health conditions, and about 4 million persons (2%) required the help of another person with activities of daily living. Persons with the least education and the lowest incomes were the most likely to be limited in their ability to work. About 6% of children received special education or early intervention services. The three leading causes of medically attended injury and poisoning episodes were falls, transportation, and overexertion. Among persons under age 65 years, about 39 million (16%) did not have any health insurance coverage. The most common reason for lacking health insurance was cost, followed by a change in employment.

Activities of Daily Living↗