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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Not Available].

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Demography↗
PubMed2000

The UCSF post-baccalaureate reapplication program: a preliminary report.

The University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry initiated a pilot project in 1998 to assist economically and/or educationally disadvantaged students to gain admission to dental school. Students entering the program have completed the requirements for admission to dental school, have applied, and been denied admission, and have expressed a desire to care for underserved populations. The program features a summer preparation course for the Dental Admission Test (DAT), learning skill workshops, seminars, and assistance in the reapplication process. The students participate in clinical clerkships and during the fall and spring semesters are enrolled in upper-division and graduate-level science courses at a local university. Five students participated in the pilot project in 1998; they were admitted in 1999 and have successfully completed the first year of dental school. The sixteen students enrolled in 1999 have now been admitted to one or more dental schools. Fourteen students are currently enrolled in the 2000/2001 academic year program.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed2003

Text mining neuroscience journal articles to populate neuroscience databases.

We have developed a program NeuroText to populate the neuroscience databases in SenseLab (http://senselab.med.yale.edu/senselab) by mining the natural language text of neuroscience articles. NeuroText uses a two-step approach to identify relevant articles. The first step (pre-processing), aimed at 100% sensitivity, identifies abstracts containing database keywords. In the second step, potentially relevant abstracts identified in the first step are processed for specificity dictated by database architecture, and neuroscience, lexical and semantic contexts. NeuroText results were presented to the experts for validation using a dynamically generated interface that also allows expert-validated articles to be automatically deposited into the databases. Of the test set of 912 articles, 735 were rejected at the pre-processing step. For the remaining articles, the accuracy of predicting database-relevant articles was 85%. Twenty-two articles were erroneously identified. NeuroText deferred decisions on 29 articles to the expert. A comparison of NeuroText results versus the experts' analyses revealed that the program failed to correctly identify articles' relevance due to concepts that did not yet exist in the knowledgebase or due to vaguely presented information in the abstracts. NeuroText uses two "evolution" techniques (supervised and unsupervised) that play an important role in the continual improvement of the retrieval results. Software that uses the NeuroText approach can facilitate the creation of curated, special-interest, bibliography databases.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2004

[Fluoride mouth-rinsing to prevent dental caries in a Brazilian municipality with fluoridated drinking water].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of dental caries in two groups of schoolchildren: (1) schoolchildren participating in a weekly 0.2% sodium fluoride mouth-rinsing program and (2) schoolchildren not participating in the program. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city (municipality) of Londrina, in the state of Paraná, Brazil; the city has fluoridated drinking water. We examined 367 12-year-old children: 190 participants in the weekly mouth-rinsing program (51.8%) and 177 nonparticipants (48.2%). The prevalence of caries was determined based on the scores for decayed, missing, and filled teeth and for decayed, missing, and filled surfaces. The examinations were performed by three examiners, with nearly perfect agreement in their diagnosis of caries (kappa = 0.90). The dependent variable was dental caries. The independent variables were: participation or nonparticipation in the mouth-rinsing program, attending a private school or a public school, frequency of tooth-brushing, amount of toothpaste used, consumption of sweets between meals, and visits to the dentist. RESULTS: The decayed, missing, and filled teeth score (mean and standard deviation) at 12 years of age was 0.85 +/- 0.059 overall, 1.0 +/- 0.058 for program participants, and 0.70 +/- 0.060 for nonparticipants. The decayed, missing, and filled surfaces score (mean and standard deviation) was 1.16 +/- 0.017, with it ranging from a low of 0.34 in one private school to a high of 1.66 in one public school. Bivariate analysis showed an association between caries (P < 0.05) and the following variables: attending a public school, participating in the mouth-rinsing program, and consuming sweets between meals more than once a day. In the multivariate analysis, attending a public school (P = 0.0004) and consuming sweets (P = 0.001) remained associated with the presence of caries. CONCLUSIONS: The weekly mouth-rinsing program was not associated with a decreased prevalence of caries, in either the public schools or the private schools. However, additional research is needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of fluoride mouthrinsing programs in populations with a higher prevalence of caries. Given the caries prevalence that we found in the schoolchildren whom we studied, the resources allocated to the fluoride mouth-rinsing program for them should probably be used to pay for other health-promotion activities with them.

Child↗
PubMed2003

The use of focus groups to plan poison prevention education programs for low-income populations.

Children younger than 5 are at greatest risk for unintentional poisonings. Children in low-income situations are particularly vulnerable for exposures to potential poisons. Focus groups were conducted at a Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program located in a large urban public hospital in New York City to gain information from low-income parents of young children about real and perceived barriers to calling the local poison control center, resources for poison prevention messages, and ideas about public awareness campaigns. All focus group members were low-income parents of young children. Most participants reported that they would call 911 in the event of a poisoning due to child welfare and self-efficacy issues. Health education theory using the social-cognitive theory provides a framework for developing future poison prevention programs to address identified issues with parents of young children.

Adolescent↗