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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

The reconstruction of childhood in psychoanalysis.

Reconstructions are defined as genetic propositions showing not only what happened to the individual in childhood, but also how he adopted his particular solutions to conflict situations in the past and how he continues to be guided today by that experience of the past. The relative neglect of environmental failures in psychoanalysis is traced to Freud's shift from physical to psychic reality, although the gains from this shift are acknowledged. The discussion of fantasy and historical fact proceeds to an examination of the case for and the case against the use of reconstructions, and the nature of memory in psychoanalysis. A clinical illustration leads to a synthesis of the conflicting views, emphasizing that both the analyst and the patient need to remain in touch with the past, the current life, and the transference relationship. The paper is concluded with the views of modern historians.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Refutation and the appropriation of truth in psychoanalysis.

It is important in psychoanalysis to retain Popper's emphasis on theories that can be mistaken, and which therefore can be improved. This idea about the value of mistakes should not be rejected, as Will has done in his recent article. The main problem about the status of psychoanalysis is not, as Will argues, to understand science in such a way that psychoanalytic theories will be seen to be scientific. A prior question is whether the implicit personal theories of clients in therapy, the practical theories by which they live, can be effectively tested and improved in the psychoanalytic setting. The value of bringing to bear ideas from the philosophy and sociology of science is that they provide us with metaphors for the growth and change of theories in general. So if the psychoanalytic session has value, it is as a setting in which we can learn from mistakes, just as the experiment is a setting in which theories of natural science can be improved by refutations. Therapists' theories describe the implicit personal theories of their clients, rather as metatheories in the philosophy and sociology of science describe theories in physics and other sciences. Making these distinctions allows the question of the status of psychoanalytic theory and practice to be seen more clearly.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Formulating and evaluating hypotheses in psychoanalytic psychotherapy.

Little psychoanalytic literature exists dealing with the formulation and evaluation of hypotheses in the therapeutic situation. This paper is an initial exploration and systematization of criteria presently in use. Hypothesis formation is discussed in terms of the accumulation of data and its recontextualization. Then follows an account of prevalidation, the silent evaluation of an hypothesis. Before an hypothesis can be turned into an intervention considerations of spoken form, order and timing must be taken into account. Finally, after intervening, post-validation can occur: the evaluation of the hypothesis on the basis of the patient's responses.

Freudian Theory↗
PubMed1989

The will in psychoanalytic theory and practice.

In psychoanalytic treatment insight does not necessarily lead to change, because psychoanalysis has not yet integrated into its theory and technique the full significance of two determinants: (1) the resistances arising from the patient's environment, and (2) the role played by the patient's will in his/her analysis. This paper is focused on the second determinant. Freud's elucidation of repression and other defences challenged the assumption that the will operated in an uncomplicated, straightforward manner. When, however, neurotic fears, secondary gain, or guilt underlying the inhibited or misdirected will are thoroughly analysed, patients are enabled to strive for their long-range aims, as clarified during the course of their analysis. Psychoanalytic theory has not recognized the will for two reasons. (1) Its theory is committed to determinism, which does not characterize its practice. Psychoanalysis does not predict outcome as required by philosophical determinism, but traces it backwards to find that it is meaningful, and not arbitrary or purposeless. (2) It attributes 'willing' to the ego, along with other multifarious functions, which confounds the development and operation of distinct functions, and distracts attention from the phenomenological investigation of each separate function.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Samson's complex: the compulsion to re-enact betrayal and rage.

A comparison of the life story of a psychotherapy patient to that of biblical Samson reveals that both men suffer from a behavioural disturbance, manifested in the compulsion to re-enact the experience of betrayal by women, followed by destructive attacks of rage against others, and ultimately against their own tormented selves. The author tracks the origin of repetition compulsion to its proposed psychobiological foundations of attachment-formation and its development. Samson's complex is viewed as a deep-seated, characterological defect, stemming from faulty object relations and leading to existential despair and suicidal longing. The existence of a detailed psychopathological phenomenology embedded in timeless biblical lore denotes once more the alliance between myth and psychology.

Anger↗
PubMed1992

Critique of a Kleinian case presentation.

An account of Kleinian analysis illustrating the concept of the pathological organization is discussed from an alternative theoretical position, that of cognitive analytic therapy. It is suggested that the alternative model of development, while still essentially an object relations theory, produces a different understanding and that the therapeutic method associated with it offers a more powerful means of aiding personality integration.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Mother-son incest as a defence against psychosis.

In the following, a case of mother-adult son incest is described and explained from a psychoanalytical viewpoint. Two theories are put forward: (a) Mother-son incest may occur as a defence against psychosis, and (b) the incest represents an unconscious search for triangulation, a process in which external authorities (such as, for example, a court of law) may function as surrogates for persons who have been missed in the pre-oedipal past. It is therefore possible to understand mother-son incest symbolically as an indicator of pre-oedipal needs of the son and of the mother's longing for the absent partner. The incest is, however, not only a cry for help; it is also to be regarded as an attempt to solve the problem for both people involved. Looked at in this way, new ways of understanding and new possibilities for therapy emerge.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Personal constructs of survivors of childhood sexual abuse receiving cognitive analytic therapy.

Increasing numbers of survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are now seeking psychological therapy; yet little evidence currently exists concerning optimum treatment formats, especially when re-victimization has occurred in adulthood. This study reports an exploratory investigation of re-victimization, and of the use of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) with seven CSA survivor women, six of whom had experienced re-victimization and five of whom were self-abusive. Results of single element and dyad grids administered before and after therapy were consistent with the exploratory hypothesis that abuse forms a central component of the women's relationships, hence making recurrence of abuse a real possibility. Outcome of therapy using CAT was positive, although the considerable and significant symptomatic changes observed were accompanied by significant change in only a relatively small number of the women's constructs, suggesting the persistence of the centrality of abuse despite therapy. For two women, levels of disturbance remained high after termination, and some evidence of relapse was also evident at three-month follow-up.

Adolescent↗