Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PRESBYOPIA”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Visual compromise of automobile drivers by frontal photo-flash in mesoptic conditions].

The time for recovery of recognition of an optotype presented at a distance of 40 m subsequent to exposure to a flash gun (Eso company, Tettnang; flash energy 200 Ws, duration 1/1000 s; distance 10 m) was studied on 97 subjects aged 20 to 83 years. A Landolt-ring (contrast 1:5, diameter 29 cm), mounted on a disk (diameter 58 cm) which could be rotated in steps of 45 degrees served as a test target. The flash gun could be dimmed down by a red filter (Schott RG 665). The tests were performed at night without additional illumination except the low beam of the car. The flash gun was foveally fixated. After a white flash, a period of 93.1 s +/- 48.6 s (MEAN +/- SD) passed before the optotype could be recognized correctly again. By adding the red filter in front of the flash gun the recovery time could be shortened significantly (p < 0.0001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test) to 4.9 s +/- 1.7 s. "Time for re-adaptation" after dazzling by red flash is comparatively short and therefore strongly influenced by many variables (e.g. time for recognition and for verbalization). Because of that a final evaluation of dazzling by red flash seems to be impossible with this method. Subjects of advanced age and opacities of the ocular media showed an increase in the "time for re-adaptation" for the white as well as the red flash. In conclusion, a speed control using white flash guns at night can be considered as critical.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Visual hallucinations in elderly patients with reduced vision: Charles Bonnet syndrome].

The authors report on a 81-year-old-lady with Charles Bonnet-syndrome. This syndrome is a special form of a visual hallucinosis, which affects typically otherwise healthy, elderly people, who mostly suffer from reduced vision. Ophthalmologic and psychiatric findings are demonstrated in detail, in particular a reduced left-occipital perfusion in this syndrome is shown with a spect (single photon computed tomography) and discussed with the published literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Objectified measurement of eye lens transparency in elderly probands. Results of a Scheimpflug photography study over the course of three and a half years].

Lens density has been followed-up in 32 healthy volunteers (mean age 65 years) over a period of 3.5 years. The negatives of Scheimpflug-photos (Topcon SL-45) were evaluated by linear microdensitometry in three measure planes (Joyce Loebl 3 CS). Correlation coefficients, curves of regression as well as calculations of the percentage of density change made obvious, that a minimal increase in lens density occurred in the anterior cortical region.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Should the ophthalmologist provide low vision counseling?].

The experience gained at the low-vision center of St. Gallen Eye Hospital shows that there is a real need for this service, particularly among the elderly, and that this kind of counseling is very time-consuming. Until now, low-vision counseling in Switzerland has been provided mainly by opticians and other paramedical personnel. In view of these facts the question arises as to whether such services should not also--and primarily--be provided by ophthalmologists and their orthoptists. For more complicated cases it is suggested that low-vision counseling should also be offered at the ophthalmology departments of major hospitals.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Low vision services in Switzerland. The Lausanne example].

The results of an inquiry conducted at 5 university eye hospitals and 9 regional centers in Switzerland, concerning services for low-vision patients, are presented. Most of the services can help these visually handicapped people, but the type of care provided varies considerably from center to center. The authors briefly review the patients examined in Lausanne with regard to diagnosis, age, and the visual acuity of the better eye.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[New special eyeglass lens for emmetropic presbyopes].

Emmetropic presbyopes are not used to wearing bifocal or progressive-power lenses all the time. Reading spectacles have the disadvantage that they have to be removed when the wearer wishes to look into the distance. Therefore, these people are turning increasingly to pulpit spectacles, which correct their vision for reading while leaving the long-range vision to which they are accustomed unchanged. However, conventional pulpit spectacles do not enable emmetropic presbyopes to see clearly at intermediate distances. This article deals with a type of pulpit spectacles which have been specially developed for emmetropic presbyopes. The glasses have an aspheric surface which provides for clear vision at reading distance as well as at all intermediate distances.

Eyeglasses↗
PubMed1982

[Squint operation in presbyopic patients].

Since it is well known that the eye musculature undergoes degenerative alterations in old age, the question arises whether squint operations are effective in presbyopic and elderly persons. Twenty-four patients with horizontal squint (average age 63 years) wanted the operation because of diplopia, asthenopia and, in a few cases, for cosmetic reasons; 5 patients were aphakic. The operation was successful in 20 cases. The principles of dosing the operation are essentially the same as for juvenile patients. However, specific difficulties in treating elderly patients arise from: (1) lack of accommodative convergence, as a result of which the squint angle difference between distance and near fixation is usually greater; (2) increasing rigidity of the eye muscles, which diminishes the range of fusion; as a result, the patient is unable spontaneously to compensate for minor squint deviations; (3) senile organic lesions of the bulbs further impair fusion. It is advisable to treat convergent squint by correcting the average deviation between distance and near fixation, preferably shortening the external recti. Cases of divergent squint should preferably be treated by correcting the smaller squint angle, with resection of the external recti. The older the patient is and the worse his fusion, the more precisely the operation has to be dosed. Orthoptic training helps in old patients too.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

[Accessory for slitlamps].

Description of a simple accessory for the slit lamp which enables the presbyopic or ametropic examiner to align the applanation conus and apply contact glasses without having to wear spectacles.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Stereoacuity and foveal fusion in adults with long-standing surgical monovision.

PURPOSE: Although binocular vision deficits occur in children who have a constant esotropia onset following significant maturation of stereopsis, it is uncertain whether adults are susceptible to changes to binocular vision. We examined binocular vision in adults with longstanding surgical monovision (> or =6 month's duration) to determine whether the binocular visual system remains susceptible to change. METHODS: Participants included 32 adults with longstanding monovision through laser-assisted in situ keratectomy or photorefractive keratectomy and 20 age-matched control subjects. After full binocular correction, binocular function was measured by using the Randot Stereoacuity Test, the Randot Preschool Stereoacuity Test, and the Worth 4-dot test at near and distance. Monovision patients were grouped as having low anisometropia (<1.5 spherical D) or moderate anisometropia (> or =1.5 spherical D). RESULTS: Non-parametric analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between group median stereoacuity (H = 16.062; P <.001). Pairwise multiple comparisons indicated both groups with monovision had significantly worse stereoacuity compared with control subjects (P <.05). Median stereoacuity values were 100 seconds of arc for patients with low anisometropia, 150 seconds of arc for patients with moderate anisometropia, and 40 seconds of arc for control subjects. A larger proportion of patients with moderate anisometropia failed the Worth-4 dot test at distance than control subjects (z = 2.619; P =.009). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced stereoacuity and an absence of foveal fusion in adults with longstanding surgical monovision suggest continued susceptibility of the binocular visual system to anomalous binocular experience.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A new random-dot stereo illusion and its application to the Anstis-Howard-Rogers effect.

When the dynamic visual noise of an untuned television set is viewed with image defocusing (positive lenses) and with a narrow vertical obstruction partially blocking the pupil of one eye, the video 'snow' seems to separate into two stable surfaces at different depths, divided by a vertical discontinuity. The main features of this illusion can be quantitatively accounted for in terms of the optics of defocused images and the retinal disparities predicted from blur circles. A residual component of the illusion, however, which was perceived by a majority of subjects, cannot be readily explained by geometrical optics; it apparently reflects a more subtle aspect in the processing of visual images, corresponding to the Anstis-Howard-Rogers stereo-effect, in which local depth configurations can bias global stereopsis. Several novel aspects of that effect are described, based on use of this obstructed-pupil illusion as the evoking stimulus.

Adult↗
PubMed1966

The aging lens.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Effect of visual impairment on neuropsychological test performance.

Three vision-dependent neuropsychological tests of visual processing--Benton's Facial Recognition (FR), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO), and Visual Form Discrimination (VFD)--were administered to subjects on the same day as routine ophthalmic examination. Seventeen subjects had Jaeger near vision of J5 (analogous to 20/50) or worse resulting from refractive error, while 13 control subjects had normal near vision of J1. Neuropsychological test scores of these groups were compared with each other and also the published standardization group for each test. Low near-vision subjects' performances on FR and VFD were significantly poorer than both control group subjects and standardization group subjects, but performance on JLO was not significantly altered. These results demonstrate that visual impairment can result in unexpectedly low scores on certain tests of visual processing, which suggests that poor vision might also affect results of other neuropsychological tests that involve vision, such as tests of visual processing and tests which use vision as a vehicle to deliver test stimuli to the relevant portions of the cortex. We therefore strongly urge examiners to secure control over potential bias resulting from reduced vision by instituting routine near visual acuity testing of all subjects prior to or during neuropsychological assessment.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Post-cycloplegia myopic shift in an older population.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate that use of a mydriatic agent remains a significant confounder in autorefraction of the presbyopic population. METHODS: The pre- and post-cycloplegic autorefraction results of 37 subjects over 50 years of age were measured using a Humphrey-598 autorefractor. The results of both eyes were included in a multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: The average age of the patient sample was 63.4 years. The mean spherical equivalent (SEQ) shifts for the hyperopic, myopic, pseudophakic, and emmetropic eyes were -0.53 D (95% CI -0.77 D to -0.39 D; p < 0.001), -0.38 D (95%CI -0.81 D to +0.04 D; p = 0.077), -0.49 D (95% CI -0.78 D to -0.20 D; p = 0.001), and -0.35 D (95% CI -0.59 D to -0.11 D; p = 0.004), respectively. CONCLUSION: Cyclopleged autorefraction in the presbyopic population is associated with a myopic shift that can potentially lead to overestimation of myopic prevalence. This is an important factor in comparing population studies where cyclogleged autorefraction is used in contrast to non-cyclopleged autorefraction and subjective refraction.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1995

Sensory impairments and mortality in an elderly community population: a six-year follow-up study.

Previous studies have shown that sensory impairments adversely affect the quality of life of elderly people, but have failed to demonstrate consistent results on mortality. We examined the predictive value of hearing and visual impairments on mortality in an urban population of 1140 non-institutionalized elderly subjects, aged 70-75 years. Baseline information was collected in 1986 through a door-to-door interview with a standardized questionnaire and the sensory assessment was performed using bedside tasks: the whispered voice test for hearing and the Snellen chart for vision. Overall mortality rate at 6 years was 25.5%, with a significant sex difference (males = 37.5%; females = 19.8%) and a significant interaction between sex and sensory impairment. Bivariate logistic regression showed that hearing deficit was associated with a significant increase in mortality risk only in the men. This increase remained significant even after control for the demographic variables and the global physical health status. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the effect of hearing deficit on mortality was mediated by psychosocial parameters (mood and social relationships level). Sensory assessment through simple bedside tests should become part of the routine clinical evaluation of elderly people.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Reduced visual acuity in elderly people: the role of ergonomics and gerontechnology.

Gerontology is the scientific study of the ageing process and special problems of aged people. Ergonomics is an applied science for optimizing performance and productivity and reducing the risks of injury, discomfort and illness. Gerontechnology is concerned with fundamental and applied research on the complex interaction of elderly people with technological products and the built environment. It has the potential to improve the capability of people confronted by the challenges of ageing. We suggest that gerontechnology may have a particular role in relation to the reduction of visual acuity, and can improve the comfort and safety of older people.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

The impact of assistive device use on disability and depression among older adults with age-related vision impairments.

OBJECTIVE: One can conceptualize adaptive technology as a resource used by disabled older adults in order to maintain competence in everyday life. This study examined the independent relationships between optical and adaptive device utilization and change in functional disability and depression among older adults with age-related vision impairments. METHODS: We interviewed older adults (n = 438) with a recent vision impairment applying for vision rehabilitation services both pre-service and at the 6-month follow-up. We conducted hierarchical regression analyses with functional disability and depressive symptoms as criteria. In order to identify their independent direct effects, we entered optical and adaptive device use into the final step, preceded by Time 1 criterion scores, demographics, baseline disability or depression (depending on criterion), and total rehabilitation service hours. RESULT: Optical, but not adaptive, device use was significantly associated with declines in functional disability and depressive symptoms over time. DISCUSSION: We propose that these differential effects result from the fact that optical devices optimize residual vision and thus allow for greater continuity in the way tasks are accomplished (i.e., reading still performed visually), whereas use of adaptive aids (e.g., talking books) involves learning new methods in order to compensate for lost functions and thus is not as desirable either functionally or psychologically.

Activities of Daily Living↗