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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Occupational risk of hepatitis A infection among health care providers in northeastern Poland.

BACKGROUND: Vaccinating health care workers against hepatitis A has been suggested, but it has not been clearly shown that this group is at increased risk for HAV infection. The objective of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies among health care workers, and to assess the risk factors associated with anti-HAV seropositivity. MATERIAL/METHODS: Total anti-HAV antibodies in serum were determined among 252 health care workers from three hospital departments (internal medicine, infectious diseases and surgery) in Białystok, in northeastern Poland. The control group consisted of 250 age and sex-matched healthy individuals who are not health-care professionals. RESULTS: Anti-HAV antibodies were found in 180 of the 252 health care workers (71.4%) and in 153 of the 250 healthy controls (61.2%, p<0. 05)). The difference in anti-HAV prevalence between health care workers and the control group occurred only in individuals up to 40 years of age (59.2% and 43.4% respectively, p<0. 05) while no difference could be seen in those older than 40 years (88.6% and 88.8% respectively). Among health care workers there was no association between anti-HAV seropositivity and sex, employment as a physician, nurse or ward attendant, or ward of employment. Health care workers older than 40 years were anti-HAV positive more frequently than younger (88.6 and 59.2% respectively, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In northeastern Poland. younger health care workers ((40 years) may be particularly prone to occupationally acquired hepatitis A infections.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of infections of the Salmonella strains in the Lublin voivodeship and in Poland in the years 1980-2000.

The aim of the paper is presentation of the prevalence of infections of the Salmonella strains in the Lublin voivodeship in the years 1980-2000 in comparison with their nationwide prevalence in the same period. The analysed material comprised epidemiological data concerning the incidence rates of salmonelloses registered in Poland in the studied period. Since the beginning of the 1980s there was observed a constantly increasing trend in incidence rates of salmonelloses. After 1988 throughout Poland and after 1990 in the Lublin voivodeship there was noted gradual decline in incidence of infections caused by Salmonellas. Administrative decisions and recent improvements in sanitary situation in our country caused appearance of that favourable, decreasing trend of incidence rates of salmonelloses. The statistics concerning extraintestinal infections with Salmonellas are still unreliable, especially in the Lublin voivodeship.

Gastritis↗
PubMed2003

[Influenza in Poland in 2001].

In 2001 the number of cases of influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) registered in Poland amounted to 576,449. This is 36.1% of the number of cases recorded in 2000. The highest influenza incidence was found in Dolnoślaskie voivodship (3013.4 per 100,000), Mazowieckie voivodship (2688.5 per 100,000) and Zachodniopomorskie voivodship (2132.2 per 100,000). In children aged 0 to 14 years the number of influenza and ILI cases amounted to 275,358 (incidence was 3851.4 per 100,000) and this is 47.8% of the total number of cases recorded in 2001. The number of patients referred to hospitals amounted to 678 and 26 persons died. One influenza strain A(H1N1) was isolated from the patient aged 10. Immunofluorescence tests carried out in over 900 specimens did not confirm infection with influenza virus. Sero-surveys performed in the epidemic season 2001/2002 showed that the levels of antihemagglutinin antibodies were comparable for three antigens: A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and B. The highest antibody titers were recorded in the age group 15-25. Since May 2001 Poland is a member of the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2001].

2367 cases of meningitis and 571 of encephalitis were reported in Poland in 2001. Among meningitis 1324 cases were classified as viral and 838 as bacterial. Among encephalitis cases, 117 were classified as bacterial and 383 as viral. Etiological factor was determined in 419 (44%) cases of bacterial meningitis/encephalitis. Among them Neisseria meningitidis was found in 106 cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 75 cases and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 99 cases. As in the past type B was the predominant type of N. meningitidis cultured from patients. 210 cases of tick borne encephalitis were reported in Poland in 2001, most of them from endemic areas of north-eastern part of the country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Botulism in Poland in 2001].

A total of 66 cases of botulism (foodborne) were registered in Poland in 2001, with corresponding incidence 0.17 per 100,000 population. The majority of cases (77.3%) were registered in rural areas. Incidence in these areas was 0.35 and in urban areas--0.06. In 2001 there were 41 outbreaks of one person noted, 4 outbreaks of two people, 4 outbreaks of three, and 1 outbreak of four people. Meat dishes were the main vehicle of botulinum toxin (32 cases; 48.5%). Out of them, home made conserves (bottling jars) prepared from pork meat prevailed (25.8% of the total). Home made sausages were associated with 12.1% cases, commercial canned fish--with 10.6% and other dishes from fish--with 12.1%. Two deaths from foodborne botulism were registered in Poland in 2001.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Human trichinellosis in Poland in 2001].

Total number of 52 cases of human trichinellosis were reported and registered in Poland in 2001. Similarly as in the previous year, most of these cases (41) were occurred in wielkopolskie voivodeship. A large outbreak (40 cases) in this voivodeship resulted from consumption of the raw smoked sausage made from the boar. Sources of the infestation in 50 cases were more than 5 boars and 3 pigs. According to two cases--sources and vehicles of the infestation were not discovered. A total of 33 men and 19 women developed the disease (including 3 children under 14 years of age). Sixteen cases were hospitalized. No deaths from trichinellosis were reported in Poland in 2001.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Cestode infections in Poland in 2001].

In 2001, 286 intestinal cestode infections were registered in Poland. Among them 195 were caused by Taenia saginata, 2 by T. solium, 71 by Taenia sp., 1 by Hymenolepis diminuta, and 1 by Dipylidium caninum. Moreover, 37 cases of echinococcosis were also registered. The obtained results confirmed the low frequency of intestinal cestodoses in Poland.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Quality and results of year-long home oxygen therapy in Poland].

Accuracy of qualification to LTOT and the results of one year of treatment were assessed in 12 regional centres in Poland. 390 patients with advances respiratory failure entered the study. There were 305 patients with COPD and 85 patients with other chronic lung diseases. The accuracy of qualification to LTOT in Poland is satisfactory--2/3 of patients were accepted to treatment with severe hypoxaemia (PaO2 55 mm Hg), the remainder with moderate hypoxaemia (PaO2 = 56-65 mm Hg) and signs of tissue hypoxia. After one year of treatment 6.5% of patients did not need LTOT and 13% stopped to fulfill the single entry criterion still needing treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[The shaping of ethical approach to medical experimentation in Poland].

Contemporary awareness of bioethical norms in treatment and research experiments in medicine underwent a long evolution in Poland. The process was similar to that of other countries developing this kind of research. The negative experiences of World War II resulted in tendency to curb experimentation on humans. The seventies witnessed a heated discussion leading to settlement of this problem. The argument was that stringent limitations on such experiments would stop the development of new, indispensable drugs. This discussion also reached Poland where the majority of participants were doctors and lawyers expressing their views mostly in the press. This led in consequence to the establishment of the first ethical norms in medical experiment on humans. These were expressed in subsequent codes of ethics for the medical profession as well as in the founding of the first bioethical commissions at medical schools. Currently such norms based on the so-called "good clinical practice" standards were incorporated in the legal acts that establish bioethical committees at medical schools and other medical institutes. This paper also presents some specific aspects of research on female patients.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Organization and results of studies on acute hepatic porphyrias in Poland].

The organization, activities and experience of Porphyria Reference Centre of the Institute of Hematology in Poland is shown. A total of 214 families with acute hepatic porphyria were collected. The family studies in search of latent cases were conducted, and measures for preventing the disease attacks were taken. The therapy of the attacks consisted in glucose and heme arginate infusions, and hyperalimentation in the patients is stressed. The incidence rate of porphyrias in Poland, according to the material collected at the Institute of Hematology is 1:15,000 inhabitants, however, it is suggested that the true value is much higher.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

[Reconstruction of chest wall deformity in Poland's syndrome with soft silicone prosthesis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore a method for reconstruction of Poland's chest wall deformity. METHODS: The customized, textured silicone prosthesis was fabricated from a soft silicone polymer that approximated to the softness of the pectoralis major muscle. A lateral incision of 6 cm on the affected chest was made. After a subcutaneous pocket above the ribs was created through the incision, the prosthesis was placed in the pocket. RESULTS: Since October 2000, chest wall reconstruction for Poland's syndrome deformity has been performed in 7 male patients (18 to 45 years) with the customized soft silicone prosthesis. Follow-up for 3 to 17 months showed that all patients were satisfied with the aesthetical results. Seroma occurred in 2 patients, and needle aspiration was used to solve the problem. CONCLUSION: This method is simple and less traumatic. The reconstructed chest wall approximates to the softness and appearance of the contralateral pectoralis muscle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Qualifying individuals for vaccine against rabies and administration of the vaccine in Poland from 1980-1990].

In Poland are implemented five basic elements necessary for the efficient human rabies control. They are: epidemiological surveillance of rabies; safe and immunogenic vaccine and serum; effective medical care; network of veterinary diagnostic laboratories; rabies legislation. Presented analysis is based on the 35,226 records of antirabies vaccinees in Poland during the period 1980-1990. It evaluates some failures in human antirabies control. The efforts to achieve the improvement in the standard of the performance should focus on the following: the most effective methods of increasing the level of public knowledge about rabies; medical postgraduated training in rabies; rapid methods for virus isolation; virological evidence (virus isolation) of infection in suspected atypical rabies hosts like squirrels, rodents, bats etc; pre-exposure vaccination for persons at risk of exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Poland syndrome].

A case of Poland's syndrome in a newborn is described. The syndrome is relatively unknown, especially in its epidemiological and aetiopathogenetic aspects. It's characterized by aplasia of the sternal head of the pectoral major muscle, hypoplasia of the upper extremities and homolateral aplasia of II, III, IV, V finger. Attention is drawn to the importance of reporting diagnosed cases in order to further our knowledge of the syndrome. The Authors are looking with a big interest the correlation between hair treatment and Poland's anomaly.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Elaboration and examination of the functioning of a new system for collection and analysis of information on foodborne and waterborne diseases in Poland].

During 1986-1989 the new computerized system of collection and analysis of foodborne and waterborne infections and intoxications (based on the proposition of World Health Organization) was developed in the Department of Epidemiology of the National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw. System consists of the new forms (including computer's form) and adapted original programming. The new forms were officially introduced by the Ministry of Health and Welfare for the use by the all Sanitary Stations in Poland from the beginning of 1991. That system was served to present data on epidemiological situation of foodborne and waterborne infections and intoxications in Poland in 1988-1991, demonstrated in the paper. Criteria of analysis were adapted to meet conditions of the international cooperation, and-first of all-to the requirements of Polish epidemiological situation.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1992

Application of monoclonal antibody panels in the virological and epidemiological review of poliomyelitis in Poland, 1981-1990.

Monoclonal antibody panels developed to differentiate vaccine-derived and wild-type strains of polio-viruses were applied to isolates from cases of paralytic poliomyelitis, non-paralytic poliomyelitis, and healthy excreters of poliovirus from Poland. All isolates from poliomyelitis cases were shown to be vaccine-derived, as were most other strains. However, two strains associated with meningitis had wild-type antigenic phenotypes and, as shown by partial genomic sequencing, wild-type genotypes. Correlation of laboratory and epidemiological data suggested that residual cases of paralytic poliomyelitis in Poland between 1981 and 1990 were vaccine-related. Study of the non-paralytic cases, however, helped identify the circulation of endemic wild-type viruses in a well-vaccinated community.

Adult↗
PubMed1959

Epidemiology of influenza in Poland, 1947/57.

Two systems of influenza reporting in use in Poland are described; one involves weekly reports by the public health laboratories, the other quarterly reports on influenza absenteeism. A third, experimental, system of daily reports is used in Łódź. Data obtained by all three systems are compared in this assessment of influenza epidemiology in Poland. Study of the epidemics of the last decade leads the authors to the conclusion that a number of them were possibly caused by a local virus which had earlier "taken root" in the country rather than by a virus imported from neighbouring countries. Attention is drawn to the isolation in 1953 of a strain related to PR8, generally held to be no longer circulating by that date. For reasons given, it is thought unlikely that this isolation was due to a laboratory accident.

Epidemics↗
PubMed1992

Leiomyosarcoma in Poland's syndrome. A case report.

We describe a 56-year-old female with absence of the right pectoralis muscles, aplasia of the right breast, and skeletal deformities of the right hand, typical of Poland's syndrome. Following complaints of lower abdominal pain, a CT examination revealed an 8-cm mass in the right anterior pelvic wall. Surgical resection of the mass revealed a high-grade, poorly differentiated leiomyosarcoma. Poland's syndrome is known to be associated with a high incidence of leukemia but this is the first description of its association with leiomyosarcoma. Although we cannot exclude the possibility of a chance association, it is reasonable to assume that, similar to other syndromes with multiple congenital anomalies, the association with an increased incidence of malignancy is an integral part of the underlying genetic abnormality.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human exposure to pollutants in Poland.

Serious environmental problems caused by decades of mismanagement of Poland's natural resources have been brought to light in recent years. All environmental media--air, water, food, and soil--have been burdened with toxic chemicals. Some environmental problems are so severe that the sources of pollution and the mitigation techniques needed are obvious, requiring no further research, but rather common sense, monies, and determination to implement the necessary controls and mitigation procedures. This paper will not address these obvious cases. Rather it will address that spectrum of environmental problems which requires a better understanding of public health risk in order to develop effective risk management strategies. Because these problems are numerous and monies limited, policy makers will need to set priorities both for research projects and control options. Using environmental concentration data presently available from Poland (especially for air), the paper will estimate human exposures, will point out research and monitoring needs, and hopefully, will lend credence to the concept that environmental policies and risk reduction strategies will be most effective if the Total Human Exposure Concept is used as the guiding scientific principle in risk assessment and management programs.

Air Pollutants↗