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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

fMRI study of language lateralization in children and adults.

Language lateralization in the brain is dependent on family history of handedness, personal handedness, pathology, and other factors. The influence of age on language lateralization is not completely understood. Increasing left lateralization of language with age has been observed in children, while the reverse has been noted in healthy young adults. It is not known whether the trend of decreasing language lateralization with age continues in the late decades of life and at what age the inflection in language lateralization trend as a function of age occurs. In this study, we examined the effect of age on language lateralization in 170 healthy right-handed children and adults ages 5-67 using functional MRI (fMRI) and a verb generation task. Our findings indicate that language lateralization to the dominant hemisphere increases between the ages 5 and 20 years, plateaus between 20 and 25 years, and slowly decreases between 25 and 70 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Fibrinogen and aging.

Plasma fibrinogen concentration is becoming widely accepted as a risk factor for cardio- and cerebrovascular disease. In order to evaluate its age-dependency, plasma fibrinogen and several other blood components were determined in 156 persons (23-96 years). In 116 participants, living on their own and rating themselves as healthy, fibrinogen increased by 26 mg/dL and decade. After exclusion of persons with pathological laboratory findings and risk factors, fibrinogen still rose by 25 mg/dL per decade, thereby reaching concentrations above 320 mg/dL in 81% of those older than 65 years. In prospective studies, these values were found to be associated with an augmented cardio- and cerebrovascular risk. In this investigation, the age-dependent rise of fibrinogen was more pronounced than that of blood glucose or cholesterol. Increasing fibrinogen may reflect a multitude of processes, such as (occult) acute phase reactions, risk factors, subclinical degeneration of vascular endothelium, or a more frequent activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, with interleukin 6 (IL-6) as a possible mediator.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Investigation of the representativeness of a single endometrial sample and the use of trichrome staining to aid in the detection of endometrial fibrosis in the mare.

The uteri of five mares were removed and endometrial samples were procured from 12 specific locations in the uteri and the samples were processed and duplicate sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or Masson's trichrome stains. The samples were interpreted in a blind manner by one person, and pathologic changes were classified according to Kenney (1). An assessment of stromal fibrous connective tissue and focal periglandular fibrosis or fibrotic nests was made. There were no significant differences in luminal epithelial cell heights or in the occurrence and severity of stromal fibrous connective tissue, focal periglandular fibrosis, or lymphatic lacunae among locations (P > 0.05). There was an effect of location on the occurrence and severity of inflammation (P < 0.05). If only inflammation was considered in categorization, this would have resulted in changing the category in 9 of 60 samples. There was no increase in tendency for inflammation, fibrosis or lymphatic lacunae to occur in the horns versus the body of the uterus, nor of the dorsal versus the ventral uterus (P > 0.05). There was no effect (P > 0.05) of type of stain on the ability to detect incidence and severity of focal periglandular fibrosis. There was an effect (P < 0.05) of type of stain on the ability to detect the incidence and severity of stromal fibrous connective tissue. The use of the trichrome stain showed slightly increased distribution of stromal fibrous connective tissue.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Personality dimensions in panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder.

To make a dimensional assessment of personality in individuals with pathological anxiety, the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) was administered to 32 patients with panic disorder (PD) and 49 patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The most striking findings were a substantially increased score on the harm avoidance dimension in both groups of patients, and a lack of significant differences between the TPQ scores in patients with PD and GAD. The former finding suggests that higher levels of harm avoidance may be common to (although not necessarily specific for) various types of anxiety disorders. The latter finding is in agreement with the findings that PD and GAD do not differ significantly with respect to the associated personality disorder diagnoses, which may further cast a doubt on the validity of the distinction between PD and GAD.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Natural history of ventricular dilatation in preterm infants: prognostic significance.

Cerebral ultrasounds were prospectively performed in 100 infants weighing 1,500 gm or less in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of ventricular dilatations and their associated findings. There was no difference in the incidence of ventricular dilatation (24%) between patients with or without periventricular hemorrhage (PVH). Although patients with PVH developed ventricular dilatation significantly earlier than infants without PVH, no differences were observed in severity, location, head circumference growth, or intracranial pressure between the groups. Ventricular dilatation was statistically related to PVH grade III and PVH with parenchymal involvement; grades moderate-to-severe of periventricular echogenicity; and cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Ventricular dilatation persisted longer than 6 weeks in 61% of infants and had irregular margins in 62%. The latter were significantly related to cystic PVL. Seventy-seven of 100 infants examined were followed until 20 months corrected age. Ventricular dilatation mainly when persistent and with irregular margins was associated with handicaps. We conclude that ventricular dilatation is frequent in very low-birth weight infants. Furthermore, its occurrence may be independent of PVH. Persistent ventricular dilatation with irregular margins, even in its mild forms, suggests a parenchymal lesion and guarded prognosis.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of psychopathology among mentally retarded adults.

The prevalence of psychopathological disorders was determined in a random, stratified sample of 165 adults, 110 males and 55 females, with mental retardation using the Psychopathology Instrument for Mentally Retarded Adults. Stratified variables included mental retardation level and living environment (institutional, family, independent). Results showed that 35.9% of the sample had at least one significant psychopathological disorder. Presence of pathology was related to level of retardation, but not to living environment, sex, or age. Difficulties associated with assessing pathology in persons with mental retardation are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Fluoxetine: a spectrum of clinical applications and postulates of underlying mechanisms.

The antidepressant efficacy of fluoxetine in major depression has been briefly reviewed. A brief outline of dose selection, therapeutic onset, and pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine were made. The potential use of the drug in management of various psychiatric conditions has been examined. These include obsessive-compulsive disorder and related variances, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, Tourette's syndrome, and trichotillomania. The suggested use of fluoxetine in pain relief in certain diabetics, premenstrual syndrome, and migraine headache were assessed. The reports on the use of fluoxetine in panic disorders, paraphilias, and related conditions and in the management of substance abuse, alcoholism, and cocaine abuse, were summarized and elaborated upon. A composite of preliminary reports cited in literature pertinent to the potential of fluoxetine in treatment of abusing injurious behavior, dysthymic disorder, fibrositis, postanoxicaction myoclonus, pathologic jealously, personality disorder, pseudobulbar affect, and social phobia were also reviewed. Fluoxetine pharmacological profile may be extended to cover a relative wide range of application, provided future controlled studies confirm the preliminary data found in the literature.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Usefulness of postmortem ocular findings in forensic autopsy.

We report three autopsy cases in which the eyeballs were removed and examined macroscopically and microscopically after being cut using the alternate gross examination technique. The first case was a 67-year-old woman who was killed by ligature and manual strangulation. A postmortem opthalmological observation of the left eyeball revealed tiny hemorrhages and congestion in the pars plicae of the ciliary body. These changes were considered to arise by a mechanism similar to that by which facial hemorrhages arise during strangulation. The second case was a 54-year-old man who died from a cerebral contusion received during a traffic accident. A postmortem opthalmological observation of the eyeball using a surgical microscope revealed papilledema and retinal hemorrhages resulting from a rise in intracranial pressure. The third case was a 77-year-old woman who died from cardiac tamponade caused by a stab wound to the heart. A postmortem ophthalmological examination revealed that she had undergone cataract surgery and an intraocular lens implantation. However, her relatives did not know when and where she had received the surgery. An intraocular lens was removed and its material and shape was examined. Based on an examination of the lens, we were able to locate the hospital where she had received the surgery 4 years earlier. This suggests that postmortem opthalmological observations may be useful for forensic pathology and personal identification.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Reported sexual abuse and cognitive content in the morbidly obese.

This study investigated whether a reported history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in morbidly obese adults is associated with a higher level of negative core beliefs (unconditional, schema-level representations regarding the self, the world, and others), and whether those beliefs are significantly associated with weight levels and weight fluctuation. A cross-sectional design was used, with comparative and correlational elements. The participants were 30 morbidly obese patients (age range=27-61years; body mass index [BMI] range=40.8-73.5), awaiting surgical intervention. Each completed standardized self-report measures of childhood traumatic experiences, core beliefs, and weight history. BMI was obtained from clinical interview. In terms of weight variables, the individuals with a reported history of sexual abuse (n=10) did not differ from those with no such history (n=20). However, those with a reported abuse history had higher levels of specific negative core beliefs. This group also showed more extensive associations between their BMI and their core beliefs than the nonabused group. Core beliefs, which are often associated with personality disorder pathology, were associated with the reported presence of a history of sexual abuse among the morbidly obese. The group differences (in levels of core beliefs and in their association with weight variables) suggest that there might be different mechanisms to explain weight levels in those obese patients who do or do not have a history of CSA. When psychological interventions are used in support of other treatments (e.g., surgery), they might be most productively targeted on those with such an abuse history.

Journal Article↗