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PubMed2003

Acute lymphangitis treated by moxibustion with garlic in 118 cases.

TCM holds that acute lymphangitis is pathogenically caused by the accumulated internal fire and toxicity, and the external skin injury-induced infection, leading to toxicity going upward along the meridians. The treatment should be given to clear away heat and toxin. Blood letting by a three-edged needle may promote qi and blood circulation and remove the toxic heat. Garlic has the function of antagonizing Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus dysenteriae and various kinds of bacteria. Since the volatile oil in moxa is antagonistic to bacteria, the burning moxa can also promote the local flow of qi and blood, and enhance the antagonistic effect of garlic on bacteria. Therefore, satisfactory curative results can be achieved by the therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Characterisation of pollen allergens.

Allergy is hypersensitive reaction by the body to foreign substances (antigens) which in similar amounts and circumstances are harmless within the bodies of other people. The allergic response develops when the natural immune defence mechanism, responsible for the correct reaction to environmental agents, is disturbed. The allergens are divided into those originating from the natural environment and those from a chemically contaminated environment. The most frequent allergens from the natural environment are inhalant ones present in pollen grains, mould fungi spores and in fragments of mycelial hyphae. The airborne allergens also include: bacteria, house dust mites, epidermis of house pets, allergens of some food products and insect venom. The allergens originating from the natural environment are usually proteins, being high-molecular compounds of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa. Pollen allergens are water-soluble proteins or glycoproteins of molecular masses from 10-70 kDa. Many of them are resistant to pH changes and high temperature, even up to 100 degrees C. Apart from pollen grains, allergens can occur in other parts of plants: roots, stems, leaves, seeds or fruit, in substances excreted by plants, such as juice and volatile oils, or in other bioaerosols of plant origin, e.g. fluids released during treatment of some crops. Proteins of some antigens show some analogies in the amino acids sequence, which determine immunological similarity and cross reactivity. From among factors conducing pollen allergy the most important are genetic and environmental ones (air pollution, exposure to allergens, infections of respiratory tract, diet) and microflora of pollen grains.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2004

In vitro and in vivo antimalarial studies of Striga hermonthica and Tapinanthus sessilifolius extracts.

The antimalarial activities of the methanol extracts of Striga hermonthica (whole plant) and Tapinanthus sessilifolius (leaves), commonly used in Northern Nigeria for the treatment of malaria, were evaluated. In the in vitro antiplasmodial analysis, the extracts of T. sessilifolius and S. hermonthica utilized in the study, displayed mild to weak activities with IC50 values of 200.5 and 274.8 microg/ml respectively. This was investigated, using the multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum, K1 strain, in the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay. The murine model in vivo antimalarial activity of the tested extracts, using chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei (ANKA P1), in the 4-day suppressive test, showed that both plants had intrinsic antimalarial properties, that were dose-dependent. At a dose of 400mg/kg weight of mice, extract of S. hermonthica exhibited a higher intrinsic antimalarial activity (68.5 % suppression) than that of T. sessilifolius (51.3 %). Chloroquine, the standard reference drug, had an average suppression of 78.0 % at a dose of 10 mg/kg weight of mice while normal saline was used as control. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts indicated the presence ofsaponins, tannins, flavonoids, volatile oils and cardiac glycosides.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Progress in study of chemical constituents and anti-tumor activities of Cnidium monnieri].

The main pharmacological constituents of Chinese traditional medicine herb Cnidium monnieri are coumarin compounds and volatile oil. In addition, it contains monoterpene polyols, glucides, as well as recently discovered sesquiterpene components. In recent years, rather active investigations of its anti-tumor were performed at home and abroad. C. monnieri possesses multi-aspect and comprehensive anti-tumor functions, involving directly tumor-inhibitory activity, anti-mutagenicity, reversing multi-drug tolerance of tumor, as well as improving immune functions and so on. In this review, chemical constituents, anti-tumor activities and relevant investigations of Fructus Cnidii were summarized recent decade.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed2005

[Expectorant herbal medicines in respiratory tract diseases in tobacco smokers].

Cigarette smoking can cause a variety of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases like: bronchitis, emphysema, myocardial infraction as well as lung cancer. The tar phase precipitates in the respiratory tract, inactivating the ciliated epithelium and inhibiting the self-cleaning of bronchia. Herbal remedies increase mucosa secretion and hence facilitate coughing up the secrete residual. The action of expectorant herbs results primarily from their influence on the gastric mucosa and following a reflex stimulation which leads to an increase in secretion of the bronchial glands. Volatile-oil type expectorant herbs have shown a direct stimulatory effect on the bronchial glands by means of local irritation, accompanied with antibacterial and spasmolytic activity. Expectorant herbs containing saponins function reduce the surface tension of the secretions facilitating their separation from the mucous membranes.

Expectorants↗
PubMed2005

[Herbs and herbal preparations applied in the treatment of gastric hyperacidity, gastric and duodenal ulcer in cigarette smokers].

The origins of gastric hyperacidity, gastric and duodenal ulcer appearance includes genetic predisposition, incorrect diet and unbalanced lifestyle, e.g. increased stress level, cigarette smoking. Herbal drugs have been proved to be very effective in treatment of hyperacidity, gastric and duodenal ulcer. They can be applied as drugs supplementing or enhancing the activity of synthetic medicines. Moreover, herbal drugs have been successfully applied inprophylactic of hyperacidity, gastric and duodenal ulcer. Herbal therapeutic preparations are administered as infusions from individual herbs, from mixtures of herbs, tinctures, herbal preparations. The most often used herbs include mucus: Lini semen, Psylli semen, Foenugraeci semen, Althaeae radix/folium, Sinapis albae semen; antiphlogistic volatile-oils: Chamomillae anthodium, Millefolii herba, moreover Glycyrrhizae radix, Aloe gel.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed2006

Phytochemical components of Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum) and its effect on isolated non-pregnant rat uterus in oestrus.

Hunteria umbellate plant is used by West African traditional midwives as phytomedicine in herbal remedies to treat pregnancy related ailment and most especially to augment or induce labour in gravid uterus. The purpose of this study was to investigate this claim with view to validating scientifically the ethno - medicinal usage. The phytochemical analysis of the crude medicinal plant extract revealed the presence of saponin, saponin glycosides, steroid, tannins, volatile oils, phenols and copious amount of alkaloids. The aqueous extract obtained by maceration technique was subjected to pharmacological testing in vitro on a piece of isolated rat uterus previously pretreated with stilbesterol, suspended in De Jalon at 37 degrees C and aerated with 95% Oxygen and 5% CO(2). The oxytocic activity of the aqueous pulp extract of the pulp of Hunteria umbellata was compared with uterine stimulant like oxytocin. The extract affected the contractility of the uterus significantly (P<0.05) in a dose dependent manner. The effect of 10mg/ml extract was blocked by 0.1 ml of 0.1mg/ml atropine. The extract also potentiated the response shown by various doses of oxytocin. This preliminary investigation revealed that Hunteria umbellata has oxytocic effect thus justifying the use by the traditional birth attendants.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Advances in research of chemical constituents and pharmacological activites of Ephedra].

The collected information is an attempt to cover the more recent developments in the phytochemistry and pharmacology of this genus. During the past years, alkaloids, flavonoids, volatile oils, organic acids, polysaccharides, tannins and phenolic constituents have been isolated from Ephedra. Pharmacological studies are described according to hypoglycemic effects, anticoagulated blood properties, depressurization, immunosuppressive activity, antioxidation and antivirus activity and so on. The information summarized here is intended to provid a rational foundation for the futher development and utilization of Ephedra which is rich in China.

Alkaloids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of pH on the properties of the chemostatic culture of Canida utilis].

The effect of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions on the physiological features of the yeast C. utilis VKMU-1668 was studied. High acidity inhibited yeast growth and uncoupled pathways of the energy and constructive metabolism: normal respiration was disturbed and the electron transport chain was damaged in the site of cytochromes and not flavins. Hydroxyl ions also inhibited yeast growth and uncoupled pathways of the energy and constructive metabolism: oxygen uptake and the content of flavin adenone dinucleotide increased, dehydrogenase activity upon the use of glycerol decreased significantly, and the absolute amount of all cytochromes declined slightly. The chemical composition of cellular polymers at all pH values tested was stable enough. The amount of major metabolites--volatile oils and ketoacids--was insignificant.

Candida↗
PubMed1989

Randomized double blind study of Curcuma domestica Val. for dyspepsia.

Curcuma domestica Val. is a medicinal plant. It has been claimed to be effective for dyspepsia. The studies done so far showed no toxicity due to consuming Curcuma domestica Val. The plant has been found to contain volatile oil and curcuminoids which are believed to be the active ingredients. The objective of the study was to test the efficacy of Curcuma domestica Val. rhizome for treatment of dyspepsia compared with a placebo and flatulence in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial carried out in one provincial and 5 community hospitals. One hundred and sixteen adult patients who had acid dyspepsia, flatulent dyspepsia, or atonic dyspepsia were included in the study. Forty-one (41) patients were in the placebo group, 36 and 39 were in the flatulence and Curcuma domestica Val. groups respectively. Each patient received 2 capsules of placebo or study drugs 4 times a day for 7 days. Each patient was then assessed for symptoms response, side effects and satisfaction. Ten patients did not participate in the follow-up. The baseline characteristics of the patients among the three groups were not significantly different. Fifty-three (53) per cent of the patients receiving placebo responded to the treatment whereas 83 per cent of the patients receiving flatulence and 87 per cent of patients receiving Curcuma domestica Val. responded to the treatment. The differences in efficacy between placebo and active drugs were statistically significant and clinically important. Mild and self-limited side effects were observed at similar frequency in the three groups. About 50 per cent of the patients in each group were satisfied with the treatment they received.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Homicidal asphyxia by pepper aspiration.

As punishment for lying, the foster mother of a five-year-old white male poured pepper into his throat. He immediately became dyspneic, then apneic, and was pronounced dead about 1 h later. At autopsy, the main stem and several smaller bronchi were occluded with pepper. Mechanisms of asphyxia by pepper include mechanical obstruction of the tracheobronchial tree and mucosal edema caused by the irritant effect of volatile oils in pepper. This rare circumstance represents the second reported fatal case of pepper aspiration and the third reported case overall.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical studies on the treatment of coronary heart disease with Valeriana officinalis var latifolia].

Valeriana officinalis var latifolia (VOL), which is the variety of Valeriana officinalis and has the properties to relieve smooth muscle spasm and powerful vasodilation, as demonstrated by animal experiments; no report on its application in treating coronary heart disease (CHD) has been found as yet with VOL. Our preparation of a volatile oil fractionated from its root have been used to treat 82 CHD patients with angina pectoris, among whom ST-T ischemic changes appeared on ECG in 50 cases before treatment. Its total effective rate for the simple angina (without detectable ischemic findings) was 87.80%; the angina with ischemic findings, 88.00%. For comparisons, another 34 patients with the same conditions, 24 cases among them belonged to the angina with ischemic findings, were treated with a composite injection of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SMCo); the total effective rates for the simple angina and for the angina with ischemic findings were 41.18% and 37.50% respectively. The differences between VOL and SMCo were both highly significant (P < 0.001, P < 0.01) either in the simple angina or in the angina with ischemic findings. The results showed VOL was superior to SMCo on matter in the remission of symptoms, decreasing the attack frequency and shortening the duration of angina, or in restoring the blood supply to ischemic myocardium. In addition, it was discovered that VOL could lower plasma lipids as well. No toxic actions to liver, kidney, hemopoietic tissue, have been found.

Adult↗