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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Osteochondrosis dissecans in turkeys.

The lesions in 3 turkeys with articular cartilage flap formation and associated osteoarthrosis are described. Since cartilage flap formation was accompanied by a disturbance in endochondral ossification, the diagnosis of osteochondrosis dissecans could be made. The site of lesions in 2 of the cases demonstrated that an adjacent ossific nucleus is not a necessary prerequisite for animal osteochondrosis dissecans. In addition, the site of the lesion in these 2 cases support the suggestion that the junctions of contact and non-contact areas of an articular surface are predisposed to pathological change.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Achondrogenesis type I. A familial subvariant?

The clinical, pathological, and radiological features of 2 male sibs with a severe and lethal form of micromelic dwarfism are desribed. The family also includes 2 normal sibs. The histological and radiological appearances suggested a diagnosis of achondrogenesis type I, but the markedly deficient ossification of the skull and the presence of intrauterine rib fractures were atypical. These changes have been observed in two other families with 2 or more infants with suspected achondrogenesis, raising the possibility that these familial cases may be a subvariant of achondrogesis or even a distinct disease entity. The disease appears to be inherited as an autosomal recessive and death occurs shortly after birth because of severe pulmonary hypoplasia.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1988

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica presenting as right middle lobe collapse. Diagnosis by bronchoscopy and computerized tomography.

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rarely described disorder which historically has not been frequently recognized antemortem. Studies by computerized tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy now permit a definitive antemortem diagnosis and can obviate a more invasive diagnostic evaluation. We describe two cases of TO presenting as right middle lobe collapse, discuss the clinical and pathologic features, and outline an approach to its evaluation using CT and bronchoscopic study.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Adolescent tibia vara.

Adolescent tibia vara is less common and less well described when compared to infantile tibia vara. Yet, the two share a significant number of features related to their epidemiology and histology. The two diseases differ most in their radiographic appearance. It does not, however, necessarily follow that their etiologies cannot be similar. By its epidemiology and histology, adolescent tibia vara appears to be related to repetitive trauma in the form of abnormal force directed on the medial tibial growth plate due to obesity, the adolescent growth spurt, or residual, incompletely corrected physiologic varus. Such forces may give growth plate suppression by the Heuter Volkman principle similar to what is thought to occur in infantile tibia vara. In the infant, this results in typical radiologic findings related to an epiphyseal ossification center which is cartilagenous and moldable and results in progressive medial wedging. In the adolescent, however, this ossification center is bony and, therefore, will not deform under stress. The growth plate, however, still responds with decreased growth resulting in varus deformity. Thus, adolescent tibia vara, by definition not related to trauma or infection, may in fact reflect the same pathologic process at work as in infantile tibia vara.

Child↗
PubMed2006

[CCN family genes in the development and differentiation of cartilage tissues].

CCN family is a novel family of proteins consisting of several modulator molecules. The members display a variety of physiological and pathological functions ; hence they are currently attracting the interest of a number of biologists. In terms of the development and regeneration of cartilage tissues, CCN2/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is best known among the CCN family members, since it efficiently promotes endochondral ossification and articular cartilage regeneration. Recently, it has been uncovered how CCN2 gene expression is duly regulated along with the differentiation of chondrocytes, which is uncovering the genetic program leading to cartilage tissue development. Moerover, production of other members, such as CCN1 and CCN4, are occasionally observed in chondrocytes, suggesting the contribution of the entire CCN family members to the developmental process of cartilage in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Assessment of bone formation during osteoneogenesis: a canine model.

Distraction osteoneogenesis, callotasis, has been demonstrated to be an effective means of lengthening long bones. A variation of Ilizarov's technique produces a transport disk from one cut surface of bone within a defect and advances the disk to the opposite surface to close the defect. This process, previously described by Costantino et al. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990; 116:535-45), demonstrated bone formation within the distraction site. The precise mechanism of bone formation has not yet been described for the mandible. Four conditioned beagles were studied, with one control dog maintained in neutral fixation and three dogs distracted at 0.25 mm every 8 hours. A two-cm defect was closed, and dogs were kept in fixation for 1 week after closure, after which they were killed. Three sites were evaluated: (1) the distraction seam, (2) the interface of the cortical and distracted bone, and (3) the cortexes at the closed defect. Each site was bisected, and one half was decalcified for immunohistochemical and hematoxylin and eosin pathologic evaluation. The vascular basement membrane was labeled for laminin and type IV collagen. Both of these substances demonstrate the differentiation of the vascular matrix component predisposing primary bone formation. Labels were intense at the distraction seam where intense angiogenesis occurred. No hyalin cartilage was observed at the distraction site, which indicates that the fixation was stable and that ossification occurred primarily without intermediate callous formation. This model demonstrated that osteoclasts within the canine model produce bone through primary bone formation within an angiogenic matrix rich in basement membrane laminin and type IV collagen. Likewise, bone is species specific in mineral composition for dog mandible. Understanding the formation and composition of distracted bone is essential for understanding application of this technique within the clinical setting.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Ultrastructure of early calcification in cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

A case of ossification of the cervical posterior longitudinal ligament was investigated with the electron microscope. The posterior longitudinal ligament was composed of bundles of collagen fibers intermingled with occasional fibroblasts and rare blood vessels. Some ligaments contained matrix vesicles in the vicinity of degenerated cells. Hydroxyapatite crystals were frequently precipitated within the matrix vesicles. These findings are similar to the fine structure of the early stage of calcification in normal and pathological calcifying tissues described previously. In this study, the calcification process of the posterior longitudinal ligament suggests that matrix vesicles originate from degenerated cells, and acquire hydroxyapatite crystal deposits. Some eventually coalesce to form a large calcifying mass. Substantial amounts of collagen fibers comprising the ligament may serve an important role in orienting apatite crystal precipitation.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

T lymphocytes are not required for the spontaneous development of entheseal ossification leading to marginal ankylosis in the DBA/1 mouse.

OBJECTIVE: Male mice of the DBA/1 inbred strain spontaneously develop polyarthritis and toe stiffness when they are > or =4 months old. The arthritis affects predominantly the proximal interphalangeal joints and the ankle of the hind limbs. The current study was aimed at determining the importance of T lymphocytes in this disease. METHODS: Histologic sections of hindpaws from arthritic DBA/1 mice were examined. The role of T lymphocytes was studied by using mice lacking either alpha/beta or gamma/delta T cells due to a deletion in T cell receptor beta (TCRbeta) or TCRdelta genes. RESULTS: Arthritis was associated with a massive proliferation of connective tissue (fibroblasts) in synovium and adjacent tissues. Chondroid and bone tissue outgrowth at the entheses generated periarticular osteophytes (enthesophytes) which were deposited on the unchanged margins of the preexisting bone. In some cases, the enthesophytes enlarged enough to bridge and fuse the bones by marginal ankylosis. Articular cartilage was essentially unaffected. Abnormal chondroid tissue formation was common in stiffened toes, suggesting that the same pathology may underlie both joint stiffness and arthritis. Dividing chondrocytes were commonly seen in tendons, but without correlation with arthritis or toe stiffness. Mice lacking alpha/beta or gamma/delta T cells developed arthritis at the same incidence as control littermates. CONCLUSION: The naturally occurring arthritis in male DBA/1 mice is a T cell-independent enthesopathy characterized by periarticular hyperostosis and marginal ankylosis. This suggests that the ossification leading to peripheral ankylosis of the joints in human enthesopathies, such as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and seronegative spondylarthropathies, is a T cell-independent process.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Scapular foramina.

Although foramina in the scapula are a rare occurrence, they produce radiolucent defects that simulate those related to skeletal metastasis or multiple myeloma. In order to define the typical location and appearance of these foramina, we initiated a radiographic and pathologic examination of macerated modern and ancient scapulae. Of 93 macerated scapulae that were examined, foramina were observed in 27 specimens (29%). These occurred at four sites: at the superior border of the bone at its junction with the coracoid process, caused by ossification of the superior transverse ligament (21 specimens); in the body of the bone inferior to the scapular spine, resulting from a disturbance in ossification during fetal development (five specimens); in the superior fossa, as a clasp-like defect (one specimen); and, at the superomedial border above the scapular spine (one specimen). The radiographic features of these foramina were compared to those produced by normal vascular channels, anatomic thinning of the bone, and skeletal metastasis or multiple myeloma. Knowledge of the typical appearance and site of scapular foramina assures accurate diagnosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Apophysiolysis of the anterior inferior iliac spine. A histological, clinical and radiological study.

Four cases of avulsion of the anterior inferior iliac spine were presented. Three of them affected boys of about 15 years (2 after a strain without local trauma--1 after local trauma). The fourth was discovered by chance on the X-rays of a man. Histological examination was made of 2 cases. A recent one showed the remodelling of a fracture of the apophysary growth cartilage. An older one showed aspecific bone remodelling. The incidence, clinical and radiological data, pathology and pathogenesis of such apophysiolysis is discussed.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2001

Ossified thoracic spinal meningioma in childhood: a case report and review of the literature.

Spinal ossified meningiomas are extremely rare. This is a report of a study on a 15-year-old boy with thoracic spinal ossified meningioma. The meningioma was resected totally. Histopathological examination revealed a transitional meningioma (psammomatous+meningothelial). Immunohistochemically, Ki 67 antibody was applied but no positive staining was present. The surgical and pathological aspects of spinal ossified meningiomas were reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Cerebellopontine angle lipoma with abnormal bony structures--case report.

A cerebellopontine angle lipoma accompanied by a bony protrusion from the left petrous pyramid was discovered in a 35-year-old female with a 10-year history of vertigo and a 3-year history of left tinnitus. Following subtotal removal of the tumor, the frequency of vertigo increased and she was deaf in the left ear. The symptoms, radiological and pathological features, and surgical management of this rare tumor are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip: an ultrastructural study of the articular cartilage of the femoral head.

Core biopsies obtained from the articular cartilage of the femoral head of a 16-year-old girl with idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip were subjected to an ultrastructural study. Zone I was missing and zone II was the most superficial layer present in the articular cartilage of our patient. Collagen fibrils were thinner than normal and more uniform in diameter, and proteoglycans were normally distributed among them. Degenerating chondrocytes were found, as well as debris of dead cells, but many chondrocytes were still vital and engaged in active synthesis. Most of the chronic degenerative changes observed in ultrastructural studies on osteoarthritis were not observed in this case of idiopathic chondrolysis which seems to be, on the basis of our findings, a pathological process which develops and runs its course very quickly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Ossification of the yellow ligament causing thoracic cord compression.

Ossification of the yellow ligament (OYL) is not infrequent in the cervical and lumbar regions but is very rare in the thoracic spine, with no more than 40 cases reported in the literature. We describe a 50-year-old male with progressive paraparesis and sensory dysfunction, secondary to OYL at T10-T11, studied by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Decompressive laminectomy and removal of the ligament resulted in marked clinical improvement. Patients with OYL may initially develop sensory dysfunction associated with leg weakness. This pathological entity can be well defined by CT and MRI, and surgery by decompressive laminectomy is advised for all cases. The OYL should be removed both posteriorly and laterally to the dural sac to obtain sufficient decompression of the spinal canal.

Decompression, Surgical↗
PubMed2001

Analysis of hypertrophy of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine, on the basis of clinical and experimental studies.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to elucidate the pathophysiological features and treatment of hypertrophy of the posterior longitudinal ligament (HPLL) of the cervical spine. HPLL is defined as a pathological thickening of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), causing spinal cord compression. Incomplete decompression via removal of only coexisting herniated intervertebral discs or spondylotic spurs might be performed, resulting in unsatisfactory surgical outcomes, when the PLL becomes abnormally thickened and contributes to myelopathy. METHODS: Patients with HPLL who underwent cervical decompression surgery were selected. Medical records and radiographs were retrospectively reviewed, to obtain data on the pre- and postoperative clinical conditions of the patients. Autopsy cases with HPLL proven by low-energy x-ray examinations were chosen for assessment of the pathological characteristics. RESULTS: Seventeen men and three women with HPLL underwent treatment via an anterior approach, with direct removal of HPLL. Nineteen patients developed myelopathy, whereas one patient developed radiculopathy. Radiologically, all HPLL cases exhibited coexisting herniated intervertebral discs and 10 exhibited small segmental ossifications of the PLL. Magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic myelography revealed extensive cord compression across the vertebral endplate level. The average preoperative Benzel modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was 10.8, and the average postoperative score was 13.2. Histological examinations revealed thickening of the PLL with proliferation of chondrocytes, together with various degenerative changes. CONCLUSION: Patients with HPLL can benefit from an anterior approach with direct removal of the HPLL and associated herniated intervertebral discs or ossification of the PLL. Cervical polytomography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are useful in establishing a diagnosis of HPLL.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Age estimation using radiographic analysis of laryngeal cartilage.

The laryngeal cartilages undergo age changes, including mineralization and ossification. Keen and Wainwright defined, in male and female subjects, recognizable stages of radiopacity of the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages. The present study analyzed quantitatively the degree of laryngeal radiopacity to determine whether radiography of the larynx can be used routinely in forensic pathology to estimate age at death. In each of 82 subjects, the larynx was removed during forensic autopsy and subjected to radiography in an anteroposterior orientation. Each radiograph was independently scored by two observers. For each case, the degree of laryngeal radiopacity was evaluated according to the classification of Keen and Wainwright. There was a positive correlation between the total score of laryngeal radiopacity and age (correlation coefficient = 0.74). It was concluded that this method is simple, fast, and nondestructive and has a good reproducibility between observers. Because there was a wide interindividual variability in the same age class, this method must be associated with more accurate methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Jumper's knee.

Jumper's knee (patellar or quadriceps tendon tendonitis) is found in a high number of athletes, especially in volleyball and basketball players. Conservative treatment (rest, stretching, physical therapy and antiinflammatory drugs) is usually successful. The athletes often recover completely and resume their sports activity. The purpose of this study is to present the histologic findings and our surgical repair of 18 knees of patients who underwent surgery after failure of conservative treatment. Histologic findings confirm that the so-called "jumper's knee" is a pathology localized at the bone-tendon junction. In all cases the following abnormalities were found: pseudocystic cavities at the borderline between mineralized fibrocartilage and bone, disappearance of the "blue line," increased thickness of the insertional fibrocartilage with myxomatous and hyaline metaplasia, mineralization, and ossification of the fibrocartilage far from the "blue line." Abnormalities of the patellar tendon were observed only in one patient who received local injection of corticosteroids. Eleven of the 18 surgically treated knees obtained a satisfactory result with complete resumption of sports activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Unilateral osseous bridging between the arches of atlas and axis after trauma.

STUDY DESIGN: This is a case report. OBJECTIVE: To present a case of osseous bridging between C1 and C2 of posttraumatic origin and with an associated closed head injury and to discuss its pathogenesis and clinical outcome after surgical resection. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Heterotopic ossifications of posttraumatic origin in the spine are rare. To the authors' knowledge, no cases have been reported of spontaneous bony bridging between C1 and C2 with a posttraumatic origin. METHODS: Heterotopic ossifications were detected when pain and limited axial rotation (left/right 10 degrees/0 degree/20 degrees) were persistent, despite intensive physical therapy. Because heterotopic ossifications were ankylosing C1 and C2, the decision was to resect the osseous bridge in combination with a careful mobilization of the cervical spine. Functional computed tomography was performed for analysis of the postoperative results. RESULTS: Four months after surgery, clinical examination showed asymptomatic increased axial rotation. Functional computed tomography indicated that left C1-C2 axial rotation was reduced, possibly related to impingement caused by residual bony spurs. Pathologic changes in the surrounding soft tissue may be another important factor in the persistent limitation of rotation. CONCLUSIONS: Osseous bridging between C1 and C2 may be considered when persistent pain and limited axial rotation are observed after trauma. Operative resection, together with careful intraoperative and postoperative mobilization, may be the treatment of choice.

Abdominal Injuries↗