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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Prematures with and without regressed retinopathy of prematurity: comparison of long-term (6-10 years) ophthalmological morbidity.

Forty-two ex-prematures having had regressed forms of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) during the neonatal period were compared with 42 matched non-ROP ex-premature controls at ages 6 to 10 years. The overall incidence of ophthalmologic problems was 55% in the ROP and 36% in the non-ROP group. Strabismus, amblyopia, and refraction anomalies occurred more frequently in the ROP group. In this group, a significantly greater number of children had decreased vision in one or both eyes compared to the non-ROP group. Although the incidence of ophthalmologic problems in the ROP group was considerably higher, the incidence in the non-ROP group still turned out unexpectedly high. this implicates that non-ROP very low birth weight neonates should also be considered to be at a greatly increased risk for later visual problems. Regular ocular examinations, mandatory for the ROP group, thus should be included in follow-up programs of non-ROP very low birthweight neonates as well.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1985

Work with video display terminals among office employees. III. Ophthalmologic factors.

The present ophthalmologic study is the third part of a major epidemiologic health investigation on work with a video display terminal (VDT). An initial study showed that VDT operators replying to a questionnaire reported more eye discomfort than a reference group not employed in VDT work and that women reported more eye discomfort, musculoskeletal discomfort, headache, and skin disorders than men, irrespective of whether or not they were employed in VDT work. In the present study the ophthalmologic history of eye diseases and eye discomfort yielded a much lower percentage response for symptoms and discomfort than the questionnaire, and, just as with visual acuity and refraction, there was no difference between the exposed and reference groups or between the men and women. The exposed subjects were found to be overcorrected in terms of presbyopia addition in relation to work distance. As regards ocular examination findings, low frequency rates were noted for pathological lens opacities. Opacities of this kind were slightly more frequent among the VDT operators than among the referents, but the difference was not statistically significant. There were no other differences in the ocular findings of the exposed and reference groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Recent advances in neuro-imaging and the impact on neuro-ophthalmology.

Neuro-imaging is an essential part of the evaluation in patients with neuro-ophthalmologic disorders. Over the last two decades enormous advances in this area have been made allowing noninvasive evaluation of the orbit and brain. The idea of using nuclear magnetic resonance technology to produce images rather than the ionizing radiation of computed tomography (CT) began to emerge clinically in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the quality of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans was not much better than CT images, by the early 1990s, it became obvious that MRI had particular strength in identifying lesions in the posterior fossa, and demyelinating plaques. With advances in magnetic strength, computer software, surface coils, contrast medium, and more attention to the basic physics of magnet technology, the clarity of MR images improved dramatically. Recent advances in CT scanning (spiral and three-dimensional CT) and MRI (functional MRI and cine MRI) continue to affect significant changes in the discipline of neuro-ophthalmology. Furthermore, advances in MR angiography promise to allow excellent and noninvasive analysis of the cerebral vasculature. This review highlights the recent advances in neuro-imaging.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed1975

Scanning electron microscopy in ophthalmology.

In the context the technique of the scanning electron microscopy is described and the results are shown gained by the scanning electron microscope in ophthalmology. It is pointed out that questions specific to surface can be answered quicker and easier, if superificial microscopy together with the scanning electron microscope is used an additional source of information. Scanning electron optical pictures are very useful for ophthalmologic science.

Ciliary Body↗
PubMed2000

The neuro-ophthalmologic complications of cervical manipulation.

Cervical manipulation, specifically chiropractic manipulation, is an important cause of vertebrobasilar and occasionally carotid distribution strokes. Neuro-ophthalmologic findings are a common and at times relatively isolated feature of cervical manipulation-induced stroke. A case of chiropractic-induced occipital lobe infarction with homonymous hemianopsia is reported, and the literature regarding neuro-ophthalmologic findings is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Oncologic treatment of oto-neuro-ophthalmological metastases and their complications].

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral metastases and the sequelae of their treatment are the major cause of neurological symptoms in patients with cancer. OBJECTIVE: In this article we review the oto-neuro-ophthalmological complications of the treatment of metastases with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. DEVELOPMENT: When speaking of the iatrogenic diseases caused by radiotherapy treatment of metastases, it is important to emphasize that the major complications of this form of treatment are seen in the long term, in general, months or years later. When dealing with incurable diseases, such as most metastatic cancers, the benefit/risk balance of each therapeutic option has to be taken into account. Thus we have a population of patients with symptoms secondary to metastatic involvement, and with an overall life expectancy which may be measured in months. The oto-neuro-ophthalmological toxicity of the chemotherapy may present as an infrequent and unexpected complication or as a usual, expected secondary effect of the drug used. A large variety of drugs are used for the systemic control of cancer (cystostatic drugs, hormones and modifiers of the biological response) which, in one way or another, may cause neurological signs. CONCLUSION: The increasingly frequent use of high dose chemotherapy and of the combined use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy mean that these types of toxicity have become common clinical syndromes in current oncological practices.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2001

[Ophthalmologic manifestations of sarcoidosis].

Ophthalmologic manifestations of sarcoidosis are polymorphous and can involve all the ocular structures. Benign conjunctive and lacrimal gland involvement predominates. Uveitis is found in 20% of the patients and is often torpid, becoming chronic. Systematic screening for uveitis is warranted in sarcoidosis patients. neuro-ophthalmologic involvement is exceptional and severe, raising major diagnostic difficulties when isolated.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed2001

[Diclof 0.1% eyedrops in pediatric ophthalmology].

The authors analyze their two years experience with 208 patients hospitalized at the Clinic of Pediatric Ophthalmology treated by the locally administered antiprostaglandin diclophenac, 0.1% eye drops. The spectrum of the disease was wide and comprised different conditions after intraocular surgery, in particular of cataract, glaucoma and perforation injuries, Yag laser capsulotomy, and conservatively treated conditions, in particular inflammatory processes, uveitis and keratoconjunctivitis. Diclophenac was not combined with other non-steroid antiphlogistics but frequently it was adjuvant treatment of corticosteroids, antibiotics and mydriatics. The authors did not observe any side-effects of the preparation, even after long-term administration or after short-term administration to neonates. As to the intensity of effect, diclophenac was comparable with other prostaglandin inhibitors and in pediatric ophthalmology it is an effective and safe antiphlogistic agent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[On-screen work and visual fatigue and its course after ophthalmologic management].

INTRODUCTION: The number of staff subjected to significant amounts of on-screen work with visual complaints is currently increasing. OBJECTIVE: This epidemiological study aimed to observe the influence of changes in working conditions and an ophthalmological treatment on vision and eye complaints due to on-screen work. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This comparative study included a transversal initial study on the visual symptoms and function as well as a longitudinal follow-up of the efficacy of the recommendations given by the company medical officer. The studied subjects were be exposed to screen irradiation for at least 4 hours a day during the study. The control group was selected according to the age, sex, and education level of the investigated group. RESULTS: We examined 814 subjects under investigation and 325 control subjects. The subjective signs of visual fatigue with on-screen work (burning or stinging eyes, diplopia or blurred vision after work, tearing, globe heaviness and fatigue, and headaches, the latter particularly in female subjects) were significantly more frequent in the exposed group than in the control group. A statistically significant correlation was found with the following factors: poor working conditions, frequent keyboard data entry, far vision optic correction, far vision significantly more often corrected to less than 10/10 at least in one eye, and, finally, near vision exophoria more than 7 diopters. We re-examined 465 exposed and 139 control subjects 1 and 2 years after consultation with the company medical officer. Following the recommendations proved to be effective in 50.5% of the employees. Improving vision by changing the optical correction showed the strongest statistical relation with the decrease in visual fatigue complaints. Organizational and material improvements also led to positive effects on functional discomfort. DISCUSSION: The far vision of those exposed to screen irradiation was significantly worse than in those who were not exposed. The people from the exposed group had vision correction significantly more often. The probable relation between progressive myopia and on-screen work is not excluded, but further investigation is needed. The proposed measures were effective for preventing visual fatigue. However, 49.5% of the study group had persistent visual symptoms, probably because of not following the recommendations, not having an ergonomic correction, or because modifications of blinking, tear film, and the ocular surface were ot taken into account. CONCLUSION: The coordination between the occupational medicine and ophthalmology departments during this study has significantly reduced visual fatigue. Nevertheless, there is still a considerable number of people from the exposed group with persistent symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Cryotherapy in ophthalmology].

This article is a general view of cryotherapy and its clinical applications in ophthalmology. The method of cryotherapy is used less after LASER therapy and EEC appearance in ophthalmology but remains a unique method in treatment of some disease and a very valuable choice to the modern techniques.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed2002

[Frontal sinus osteomas: neuro-ophthalmological complications].

Osteomas are the most frequent benign tumors of the paranasal sinuses. They often grow in the frontal sinus near the nasofrontal duct. They remain frequently asymptomatic and they tend to be an incidental finding on radiographic studies. Rarely, they extend out of the sinus limits. Two cases with neuro-ophthalmological complications are reported and discussed. A 19-year-old female presented with a progressive left visual impairment and orbital bone deformity. A CT-scan revealed a large calcified mass in both frontal sinuses, with left intraorbital and frontobasal extension. A 21-year-old man suffered from acute frontoethmoidal sinusitis. Radiological exams revealed a right frontal sinus osteoma with bilateral nasofrontal ducts obstruction. The frontal sinus cavities were filled with a large mucocele with intracranial extension. Both patients were successfully treated using frontobasal craniotomy with complete osteoma and mucocele removal and cranio facial bone reconstruction. Neuro-ophthalmological or intrasinusal complications of osteomas lead to radical treatment. CT-scan and MRI analysis for surgical purpose and strategy are emphased.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Ophthalmologic symptoms in trisomy 22 (author's transl)].

After a brief description of the ophthalmological findings in the autosomal trisomies, a case of the extremely rare trisomy 22 is reported. Ophthalmological abnormalities seen were hypertelorism, epicanthus, antimongoloid slant, microphthalmus, microcornea, persistent pupillary membrane, lens opacities and chorioretinal colobomata.

Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y↗
PubMed2002

[Automated perimetry and neuro-ophthalmology. Topographic correlation].

Visual fields continue to be a key exploration for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients in neuro-ophthalmology. The pattern of visual field defects helps, and in many cases allows, the identification of brain damage location. Manual kinetic perimetry has been replaced by automated methods. 24-2 SITA (Humphrey Visual Field Analyser) and TOP (Octopus) are regarded as the standard perimetric explorations in neuro-ophthalmology. Goldmann perimetry remains as an useful exploration for temporal crescent detection in occipital lobe diseases, and it could be more accurate and consistent for studying lesions in the post-geniculate pathway. Frequency doubling perimetry could be useful for detecting neuro-ophthalmic visual field defects, but does not provide an accurate characterisation of the lesions. From the neuro-ophthalmic point of view, visual field defects could be divided in pre-chiasmatics, chiasmatics and post-chiasmatics. Pre-chiasmatic defects are strictly unilateral, do not respect the vertical meridian, often have a nasal step associated and are usually accompanied by ocular pathology detectable in an ophthalmic examination. The characteristic perimetric pattern of chiasmal disease is bi-temporal hemianopsia. Homonymous contralateral defects are the characteristic perimetric pattern of post-chiasmal disease, and their congruency increases when the lesions are closer to the occipital lobe. Neuroimage studies are mandatory in all patients with a perimetric defect pattern compatible with chiasmal or post-chiasmal lesions. Magnetic Resonance Imaging may be normal in a patient with homonymous defects in Alzheimer's disease, the Heidenhain variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakobs disease, carbon monoxide poisoning and mild occipital ischemia demonstrated by SPECT or PET imaging (Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2002; 77: 413-428).

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ophthalmologic manifestations in patients with ichthyosis].

Different manifestations on some ocular and adnexal structures may accompany ichthyosis. Some ophthalmological manifestations in the clinical course of ichthyosis may endanger the eye and even lead to the sight loss. The paper reports a case of a patient with congenital ichthyosiform erythrodermia and ophthalmological manifestations on the lids and cornea. In addition to ichthyosis of the lid skin, squamous blepharitis and cicatricial ectropium of the lower lids were also present, while signs of exposure keratitis on the right eye and corneal leucostaphyloma on the left eye were also noted. Presence of lagophthalmos and permanent exposure of both eyeballs led to deterioration of the condition which may result in the sight loss on the right eye, as well. Therefore, contracture release of both lower lids was performed followed by full-thickness skin graft. Surgical procedure and the postoperative course were uneventful. The operation successfully corrected position of the lower lids and enabled formation and reestablishment of the precorneal tears film which led to improvement of the condition of the cornea. The effect has been maintained for six postoperative years now.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Lasers in dermatology and ophthalmology.

Dermatology and ophthalmology are two specialties that have made exceptional use of laser technology. In dermatology, port wine stains and hemangiomas, neoplastic lesions, and adnexal tumors are amenable to laser treatment. In ophthalmology, the use of lasers to effect photocoagulation, photoradiation, photovaporization, photodisruption, and photodecomposition has permitted the treatment of vascular retinal disease, macular edema, intraocular tumors, open angle glaucoma, and angle closure glaucoma. Although great strides in laser technology have been made, the future is even more promising as laser devices are further modified to treat specific disease processes.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Radiation-related ophthalmological changes and aging among Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bomb survivors: a reanalysis.

The relationship of ionizing radiation to the age-related ophthalmological findings of the 1978-1980 ophthalmological examination of A-bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki has been reanalyzed using DS86 eye organ dose estimates. The main purpose of this reevaluation was to determine whether age and radiation exposure, as measured using the recently revised dosimetry information (DS86), have an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effect. The data in this study are limited to axial opacities and posterior subcapsular changes, for which a definite radiation-induced effect has been observed in Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bomb survivors. The best model fitting for axial opacities gives a significant positive effect for both linear dose and linear age-related regression coefficients and a significant negative effect for an interaction between radiation dose and age. Such a negative interaction implies an antagonistic effect in that the relative risks in relation to radiation exposure doses become smaller with an increase in age. On the other hand, the best-fitting relationship for posterior subcapsular changes suggested a linear-quadratic dose and linear age-related effect. The estimate of the quadratic dose coefficient shows a highly negative correlation with age, but the negative quadratic dose term is extremely small and is of little biological significance.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Ophthalmology in the ancient river cultures. Was cataract surgery performed during the time of King Hammurabi?].

The article presents the state of ophthalmological knowledge in the Ancient River Cultures. Medical and ophthalmological information included in King Hammurabi Code is discussed. The author presents a critical analysis of the views related to the hypothesis of possible performance of cataract operation in Babylon during the Hammurabi period. Terminological and medical matters related to this issue are discussed. The original opinion about surgical treatment of symblepharon or pannus trachomatosus is presented.

Ancient Lands↗