Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Multiparity”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Interactive effects of parity and pup stress on the maternal behavior of Rattus norvegicus.

Litters of primiparous and multiparous rat mothers received 0,2, or 5 min of cold stress for the 1st 5 days postpartum. Primiparae showed increasing maternal responsiveness over the treatment period. Multiparae were initially maternally responsive to moderate stress cues from pups, but habituated to them over days. From Days 6 to 20, when pups were not stressed, lactation behavior of stressed groups declined in primiparous mothers but not in multiparous mothers.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Interactive effects of parity and early pup stress on the open field behavior of laboratory rats.

Pups of primiparous and multiparous Sprague Dawley rats received 0-, 2-, or 5-min cold stress on Days 2-6 postpartun. Stressed offspring of primiparous mothers had shorter latencies to move in an open field than did control offspring of primiparous mothers. However, stressed offspring of multiparous mothers had longer latencies than did the controls. The results suggest differences in maternal responsiveness immediately following return of stressed pups to the nest.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes from pregnant mice on cultivated tumor cells. II. Blocking and unblocking of cytotoxicity.

Sera from BALB/c mice transplanted with either of two syngeneic, methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas (1315 and 1321) were found to block (i.e. abrogate) the cytotoxic effect of lymph-node cells (LNC) from multiparous mice on cultivated tumor cells. The blocking activity was seen even at high serum dilutions (up to 1:320). It was found to persist in mice whose tumors had been removed 8-11 days previously. These mice had transplantation resistance against individually unique antigens of the respective sarcoma to which they had been immunized, but not against any common, putatively embryonic ones. In keeping with this finding, their sera did not block LNC-mediated cytotoxicity to the unique transplantation antigens, when tested 8-11 days after removal of the immunizing tumor. Sera from rabbits immunized with BALB/c embryonic tissues and subsequently absorbed with normal adult BALB/c cells, were found to cancel ("unblock") the blocking activity of serum from multiparous mice. The specificity of this unblocking effect and its potential usefulness as a tool to study immune reactions to embryonic tumor antigens need to be established.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Demonstration of tumor-associated immunity with a leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay.

A modification of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay of Halliday was used to search for immune reactions against tumor-associated antigens of mouse tumors as well as against embryonic antigens in such neoplasms. Soluble antigen extracts were prepared from transplanted (BALB/c) methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas and carcinomas, from normal BALB/c embryos taken at 14-18 days' gestation and from kidneys and livers of adult BALB/c mice. Peritoneal cells (PC) from mice immunized against syngeneic tumors gave leukocyte adherence inhibition more commonly when exposed to antigens prepared from the same tumor than did PC from normal (untreated) mice or from mice immunized against a different tumor. However, different tumor antigen preparations varied vastly in their ability to give specific adherence inhibition; some preparations consistently gave a high tumor-specific inhibition, while others did not. This may explain why the degree of reactivity observed was low and its tumor specificity not absolute when data obtained with all different antigen extracts were pooled. PC from multiparous mice gave adherence inhibition when exposed to antigenic extracts from syngenic mouse embryos or from tumors, as compared to PC from virgin mice exposed to the same extracts. Furthermore, PC from tumor-immunized mice reacted more commonly against antigen extracts from mouse embryos than did peritoneal cells from normal untreated mice. Adherence inhibition was not observed when PC from tumor-immunized or multiparous mice were exposed to antigen extracts from adult syngeneic livers or kidneys.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Second trimester abortion with prostaglandin F2 alpha.

A clinical trial comparing 40-mg and 50-mg, intraamniotic dose schedules of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) is described. The trial included 48 patients at 15-20 weeks' gestation, with 20 receiving a 40-mg dose of PGF2 alpha and 28 receiving a 50-mg dose of PGF2 alpha. The success rates for the two groups were 85% and 93%, respectively. All nulliparous patients who had 50 mg of PGF2 alpha and all multiparous patients who had 40 mg of PGF2 alpha aborted within the 48-hour trial period. The mean induction-to-abortion interval with the 50-mg dose was two hours shorter than that with the 40-mg dose. All patients who had 40 mg of PGF2 alpha over 16 weeks' gestation aborted within the trial period. In patients who had 50 mg of PGF2 alpha, the period of gestation did not influence the induction-to-abortion interval. Minor side effects, primarily vomiting or diarrhea, were observed in 65% and 93% of the patients who had 40-mg and 50-mg doses, respectively. We conclude that intraamniotic administration of 50 mg of PGF2 alpha successfully induces midtrimester abortion in nulliparous patients, whereas a 40-mg dose suffices for multiparous women.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2001

Dynamic imaging of the pelvic floor using an open-configuration magnetic resonance scanner.

The aims of this study were to develop a noninvasive, erect, gravity-dependent method for assessing movements of the female pelvic floor, to describe the range of movements in pelvic floor ascent and descent in asymptomatic and symptomatic women, and to quantify any differences. A total of 102 women, 28-86 years of age, 35 symptomatic and 67 asymptomatic, were included in the study. They were scanned in a sitting position in an open scanner with good vertical access using fast-gradient echo sequences fast spoiled grass (FSPGR). Measurements of the bladder base, uterocervical junction, and anorectal junction were taken in the sagittal plane. The levator ani (LA) muscle insertion was assessed in the coronal plane with the patients at rest, during maximal strain, and during maximum contraction of the pelvic floor. Premenopausal multiparous women have a significantly lower bladder base (8/0 mm above the baseline; P value = 0.009) and uterocervical junction (15.5/3.5 mm; P value = 0.03) at rest than nulliparous women, and this becomes more apparent on straining. Parity confers a more significant effect on the position and function of the pelvic floor than menopausal status. All pelvic organs are lower at rest and on straining in women with defecation difficulties (0/-24 mm; P value = 0.001). These differences are also seen when comparing women with and without urinary incontinence. Dynamic seated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows that all the pelvic organs are lower at rest and on straining in multiparous women and in those with urinary incontinence than in a group of asymptomatic nulliparous volunteers. This difference is also seen in the position of the bladder base and anorectal junction during pelvic floor contraction. These findings suggest general pelvic floor weakness in women who present with symptoms in one compartment and indicate the need for evaluation of the entire pelvic floor particularly prior to surgery. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:923-929.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Intrauterine lead exposure and preterm birth.

The objective of this study was to determine the risk of preterm birth in relation to umbilical cord blood lead levels (UCL) among primiparous and multiparous women. A case-cohort study was performed in Mexico City during 1995. A total of 459 full-term births was compared with 161 preterm births (before 37 gestational weeks). Mothers were interviewed before the delivery about their reproductive histories and other related factors of preterm birth. Lead was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Lead levels were higher in primiparous women who had a preterm birth than in primiparous women with a full-term birth (9.77+/-2.0 microgram/dl vs 8.24+/-2.15 microgram/dl); this difference was marginally significant. After adjusting for other known preterm birth risk factors, the frequency of preterm birth was almost three times higher among women who had UCL levels greater or equal to 5.1 microgram/dl compared to those who had UCL levels lower than 5.1 microgram/dl. This difference was not observed among multiparous women. Our results suggest that intrauterine lead exposure may be associated with preterm birth in first deliveries but not in subsequent ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The origin, structure and occurrence of corpora amylacea in the bovine mammary gland and in milk.

Corpora amylacea were present in variable numbers in the mammary glands of 8 lactating cows but they were not observed in the glands of pregnant or virgin heifers. In primiparous cows they were relatively simple bodies composed of 2--3 concentric layers but in multiparous animals, more complex multilayered structures were also noted. Corpora amylacea were formed in alveoli lined with actively secreting cells. The initial stage of their formation involved the aggregation, fusion and compaction of casein micelles in the alveolar milk. The resulting structure acted as a nucleus for further growth which occurred by the addition of material of micellar origin to its surface. Bodies containing a large proportion of crystalline material were common. Contact of corpora amylacea with the alveolar epithelium often caused flattening or irreversible damage to the secretory cells. The corpora amylacea recovered from milk corresponded in appearance to various stages in their growth seen in the mammary gland. They were usually present in the colostrum of multiparous cows but never in that from primiparous animals. In only 1 cow was the colostrum and milk found to be consistently free of corpora amylacea.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Fetal cells in the maternal blood. Lack of response of fetal cells in maternal blood to mitogens and mixed leukocyte culture.

In an attempt to stimulate fetal cells in the maternal blood to mitotic division, peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured from ten primiparous women and six multiparous women. In the case of the ten primiparous women, PWM was used to stimulate lymphocytes in 3- and 7-day cultures made at the 16th, 20th, 24th, and 28th week of gestation. Altogether, 10565 mitoses were analyzed after quinacrine staining of cells from five mothers who each subsequently gave birth to a male infant, and not a single XY mitosis was found. In the case of the multiparous women, lymphocyte cultures, with PHA or LPS as mitogen and MLC, were initiated between the 13th and 20th week of pregnancy. Four of the mothers were pregnant with a male child, and two with a female child. From cultures of each of the four mothers expecting a boy, a total of 9721 mitoses were analyzed after quinacrine staining, and not a single XY mitosis was found. However, one XY cell was found in the culture from one of the two women who delivered a girl. The XY mitosis probably originated from a pregnancy 8 months earlier which terminated in a male infant. In an attempt to culture and obtain good chromosome preparations from small numbers of cells, it was shown that a good mitotic response and good chromosome preparations could be obtained from as few as 6000 lymphocytes.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1989

The disposition of meptazinol after single and multiple intravenous administration to pregnant and non-pregnant women.

We have studied the disposition of the centrally-acting analgesic meptazinol in a group of age-matched non-pregnant and pregnant (36-38 weeks gestation) women. Ten non-pregnant and nine multiparous pregnant volunteers each received a single i.v. dose of meptazinol hydrochloride (equivalent to 25 mg base). A further group of 9 non-pregnant (including four of the original participants) and 10 multiparous pregnant subjects were given repeated i.v. doses of meptazinol hydrochloride (each equivalent to 10 mg base) at 30-min intervals for 2.5 h. Meptazinol plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC using fluorescence detection and the pharmacokinetic variables investigated. After single dosing there were no statistical differences in half-life, clearance, or apparent volume of distribution between the two groups, suggesting that the disposition of meptazinol was not altered by pregnancy. This was confirmed in the repeated dose study, in which no significant differences occurred in either the plasma concentrations achieved or in areas under the curves between the non-pregnant and pregnant subjects. Furthermore, the steady-state concentrations were comparable with those predicted from the single dose results. This indicates that there should be no requirement for dosage alteration of meptazinol during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Parity is associated with axillary nodal involvement in operable breast cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Although multiparous women have a decreased incidence of breast cancer, several series have observed that multiparous women have a higher risk of axillary nodal metastases and diminished survival. METHODS: To study this hypothesis in greater detail, this study analyzed data from 223 consecutive women with clinically operable (T1-3, N0-1, M0) breast cancer, all of whom had undergone axillary node dissection (AND) by one surgeon (83 mastectomy/AND, 140 lumpectomy/AND). The number of pregnancies and other hormonally related factors were recorded. Results were compared to pathologic data (node status, tumor size, estrogen and progesterone receptors). RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients (35.0%) had positive axillary nodes. Increasing parity was associated with an increased likelihood of positive nodes (Odds ratio 1.22 (95% CI: 1.04-1.42), p = 0.012) as was increasing tumor size (Odds ratio 1.31 (1.07-1.59), p = 0.007). The effect of parity was independent of tumor size, age, or hormone receptors. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, which includes only operatively staged patients, increasing parity is associated with nodal positivity. This effect is of a magnitude similar to that of increasing tumor size, and confirms observations from other studies. Information regarding parity may be useful for prognostic purposes, as well as providing insights into basic breast cancer biology.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The relationship of body and placental weight to plasma levels of insulin and other hormones during development in fetal rabbits.

The relationship of body and placental weight with plasma levels of insulin, glucose, glucagon, glucocorticoids and somatomedins in fetal rabbits between 22 days of gestation and term has been investigated. At 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30 days gestation, body and placental weights were strongly correlated and were also significantly correlated with log transformed plasma insulin concentrations in individual fetuses from nulliparous does. At 30 days gestation, mean plasma insulin levels, as well as body and placental weights, were significantly elevated in fetuses from multiparous does (p less than 0.05) and in fetuses whose growth had been increased by surgical reduction in litter size on day 9 of pregnancy (p less than 0.001). Log insulin concentrations in fetuses from multiparous does and in litter-reduced fetuses were also significantly correlated with bodyweight. The correlation coefficient for log insulin and bodyweight in all individual rabbit fetuses at 30 days gestation was 0.69 (p less than 0.001, n = 116). Fetal log plasma glucagon concentrations at 26 and 28 days gestation were negatively correlated with body weight, but were not significantly related at 30 days gestation. Neither glucose nor glucocorticoid concentrations were significantly related to bodyweight in individual fetuses. Plasma somatomedin activity in litter-reduced fetuses at 30 days gestation, was significantly higher (p less than 0.02) than in normal fetuses, but was not significantly correlated with fetal body weight. The observation of strong positive correlation between insulin and bodyweight throughout the last third of gestation reinforces the belief that fetal insulin plays an important role in the regulation of both placental and fetal growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Normal variation in anorectal manometry.

A study was performed to define the normal range of values for anorectal manometry. Normal volunteers were divided according to gender and parity. There were 20 males, 21 nulliparous females, and 18 multiparous females among the 59 subjects. Anorectal manometry using a radial eight-port catheter was performed during resting and squeezing maneuvers of the anal sphincter. Computerized data analysis and three-dimensional imaging were used to calculate sphincter length at rest and squeeze, mean maximum resting and squeeze pressures, and vector symmetry index. The sphincter length at rest and with squeezing in males was significantly greater compared with the two female groups (P < 0.007). Mean maximum squeeze pressures were also significantly elevated in the male group compared with the female groups (P = 0). Mean maximum resting pressures were significantly higher in nulliparous women than in multiparous women (P = 0.04). However, no difference in resting pressures was found between males and nulliparous females. A comparison of the symmetry of the anal canal revealed no differences among the three groups. Ranges for normal anorectal manometry are definable. Normal ranges are distinct for subgroups of patients, particularly with regard to gender and parity. Patients must be compared with their normal subgroups to correctly identify manometric abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence and correlates of stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy: a survey at UNICAMP Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women in the third trimester of pregnancy. In total, 340 patients attending the Antenatal Clinic at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) were interviewed. Overall, 170 women (50%) presented SUI. Stress urinary incontinence did not correlate to either body mass index (BMI) or race. There was no correlation between parity and SUI, but when considering distinct types of effort, urine leakage on coughing (P = 0.0478) and laughing (P = 0.0046) were highly more frequent in multiparous women. One hundred eleven women had had only vaginal deliveries and 68 delivered by cesarean section. There was no difference between the two groups concerning incontinence, but multiparous women (> or = 4) who delivered exclusively vaginally demonstrated 2.0 times more chances to leak urine when compared to nulliparous women. This fact strongly suggests parity to be more relevant than delivery route as a risk factor to stress urinary incontinence. Nulliparous women presented with a high percentage (45.5%) of the symptom, emphasizing the elevated risk of SUI during first pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Vitamin D deficiency in Tunisia.

This study seeks to estimate the status of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in a healthy section of the population in Tunisia and to compare the achieved results with other published data. A transverse descriptive inquiry was carried out between January and March 2002. Three hundred and eighty-nine subjects aged 20-60 years were included in the study. A questionnaire was used to investigate clinical characteristics: sunlight exposure to ultraviolet light and, for women, parity, breast feeding, whether or not they wore the veil, and menopause. A dietary investigation estimated calcium and vitamin D intake. Morning fasting blood was collected from each subject for the measurement of the following parameters: serum calcium, phosphorus, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH). Hypovitaminosis D was defined by a cut-off of 37.5 nmol/l. The population studied was largely female, for the greater part housewives. The accumulated prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 47.6%, increasing with age. Hypovitaminosis is highly prevalent in women (P<0.001). Multiparity, menopause, wearing the veil, and calcium and vitamin D dietary intake are factors associated with hypovitaminosis D (P<0.05). Analysis of logistic regression shows that only multiparity and vitamin D dietary intake are independent predictive factors. The status of serum 25(OH)D in Tunisia resembles that in southern European countries rather than in Middle Eastern countries. Insufficient vitamin D diet intake, higher parity and wearing the veil explain this deficiency in Tunisia. Dietary enrichment or supplementation by vitamin D and a more outdoor lifestyle, especially for older people, should be seriously considered as a way to reduce this deficiency in Tunisia.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Emergency peripartum hysterectomy in a tertiary London hospital.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to review all emergency peripartum hysterectomies performed at a tertiary hospital in London, UK, and to identify the risk factors for emergency peripartum hysterectomy. METHOD: A retrospective case control study. The cases consisted of all women who had emergency peripartum hysterectomy between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2003. Controls were women who delivered immediately before and after the indexed case. Demographic data, medical and surgical histories, pregnancy, intrapartum and postpartum data were collected. Differences between cases and controls were compared with chi2, Fisher exact and Student t tests. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for emergency peripartum hysterectomy. RESULTS: There were 15 cases of emergency peripartum hysterectomy in 31,079 deliveries, giving a rate of 0.48 per 1,000. Women who had emergency peripartum hysterectomy were significantly older (mean age 37 years vs. 29 years, P<0.001) and multiparous (P=0.02). More of the cases had a history of uterine surgery (67 vs. 30%, P=0.01), placenta praevia (60 vs. 3%, P<0.0001) and were delivered by caesarean section (86.7 vs. 30%, P=0.003). Eighty percent of the hysterectomies were performed in the daytime and all were done by consultants. Haemorrhage due to placenta praevia was the main indication for emergency peripartum hysterectomy (47%). Independent risk factors for emergency peripartum hysterectomy were older age (odds ratios [OR] 1.2, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.2-1.6), multiparity (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-10.2), history of previous caesarean section (OR 13.5, 95% CI 2.7-65.4), caesarean delivery in index pregnancy (OR 11.6, 95% CI 2.1-68.6) and caesarean delivery in index pregnancy for placenta praevia (OR 18, 95% CI 3.6-69). CONCLUSION: Caesarean deliveries, especially repeat caesareans in women with placenta praevia, significantly increase the risk of emergency peripartum hysterectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Risk factors and perinatal outcomes associated with umbilical cord prolapse.

OBJECTIVE: To utilize infant outcomes and to identify risk factors associated with umbilical cord prolapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Birth records of 80 cases with umbilical cord prolapse and 800 randomly selected controls were reviewed retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Prolapse of the umbilical cord complicated 0.47% (n=80) of all deliveries included in the study (n=16,874). Multiparity was more common in patients with umbilical cord prolapse (63.8-49.4%, P=0.014). Umbilical cord prolapse occurred in breech presentation in six cases (7.5%) and in transverse presentation in three of the cases (3.8%). The occurrence of breech presentation among the control cases was 1.0% and of the transverse lie was 0.1% (P<0.001). Fetuses with umbilical cord prolapse had lower fetal weight; particularly, fetal weight less than 2,500 g was a significant risk factor (3-2.4%, P<0.001). We also found that spontaneous rupture of membranes (OR=8.93; 95%, CI=4.16-19.14), Bishop score greater than 8 (OR=5.48; 95%, CI=3.21-9.34), and polyhydramnios (OR=21.0; 95%, CI=11.4-38.7) were risk factors for umbilical cord prolapse. The newborns that were delivered after umbilical cord prolapse graded lower Apgar scores less than 7 at 5 min (6.3-1.4%, P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Abnormal fetal presentation, multiparity, low birth weight, prematurity, polyhydramnios, and spontaneous rupture of membranes, in particular with high Bishop scores, are risk factors for umbilical cord prolapse. Early amniotomy increases the variable decelerations and hence increases the rate of cesarean section because of fetal distress, but it may prevent pregnant women from umbilical cord prolapse, which has a high mortality rate. However, large randomized trials are needed to prove that early amniotomy decreases the incidences of umbilical cord prolapse.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effects of parity and age on female attraction to faces of infants and neonates in rhesus macaques.

This study investigated the effects of parity and age on female rhesus macaque attention toward infants, and assessed whether the faces of neonates are more attractive than those of older infants. Six nulliparous and six multiparous females were shown digitized images of neonates' and 5- to 6-month-old infants' faces. Attention and preferences for images were measured by gaze duration and other picture-directed behaviors, including lip smacking, approaches, and presentations. As predicted, nulliparous females displayed significantly longer gaze durations for images than did multiparous females. There were no significant differences in gaze duration for faces of neonates and those of infants, but images of infants were approached more frequently than images of neonates. This difference is tentatively explained on the basis of differences in female familiarity with neonates' and infants' faces and differences in opportunities for allomothering with neonates and infants.

Age Factors↗