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PubMed1998

Desiderata for controlled medical vocabularies in the twenty-first century.

Builders of medical informatics applications need controlled medical vocabularies to support their applications and it is to their advantage to use available standards. In order to do so, however, these standards need to address the requirements of their intended users. Over the past decade, medical informatics researchers have begun to articulate some of these requirements. This paper brings together some of the common themes which have been described, including: vocabulary content, concept orientation, concept permanence, nonsemantic concept identifiers, polyhierarchy, formal definitions, rejection of "not elsewhere classified" terms, multiple granularities, multiple consistent views, context representation, graceful evolution, and recognized redundancy. Standards developers are beginning to recognize and address these desiderata and adapt their offerings to meet them.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Show me the money: funding informatics research.

About 60% of medical informatics papers published in the proceedings of recent AMIA Fall symposia acknowledge receiving some support from American sources for the work. Two-thirds of those citing support include NLM as one of the donors. Papers in JAMIA have even higher funding rates. Funding rates for published informatics papers compare well with papers in a number of other fields. Although medical informatics receives support from a wide variety of sources, the federal government, through the various organizations within DHSS, is clearly the major source of grant and contract support for this field. Within DHSS, NLM is the most frequently cited donor by a large margin. Yet to be determined are the relative dollar values of the support provided by the various donors cited, the difficulty of obtaining funding for informatics projects, the means by which unfunded projects are sustained, and the variation, if any, in the funding success rates of the subfields of informatics.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2004

Towards clinical bioinformatics: advancing genomic medicine with informatics methods and tools.

OBJECTIVES: To summarize the challenges facing clinical applications in the light of growing research results in genomic medicine and bioinformatics. METHODS: Analysis of the contents of the Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2004 of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA). RESULTS: The Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2004 includes 32 articles selected from 22 peer-reviewed scientific journals. A special section on clinical bioinformatics highlights recent developments in this field. Several guest editors review the promises and limitations of available methods and resources from biomedical informatics that are relevant to clinical medicine. Integrated data and knowledge resources are generally regarded to be central and key issues for clinical bioinformatics. Further review papers deal with public health implications of bioinformatics, knowledge management and trends in health care education. The Yearbook includes for the first time a section on the history of medical informatics, where the significant impact of the Reisensburg protocol 1973 on international health and medical informatics education is examined. CONCLUSIONS: Close collaboration between bioinformatics and medical informatics researchers can contribute to new insights in genomic medicine and contribute towards the more efficient and effective use of genomic data to advance clinical care.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed1991

Preparing doctors for tomorrow: information management as a theme in undergraduate medical education.

The evolving nature of medical knowledge and technology requires that the practitioners of tomorrow be able to develop practice management and computer skills in order to enhance quality patient care, ongoing education, and research. The paper describes how the discipline of medical informatics can be integrated into an undergraduate medical curriculum, not as a course or series of courses but as a repeated theme throughout the 3-year system-based curriculum. Recommendations specific to integrating medical informatics into an undergraduate curriculum are outlined with respect to: (1) content; (2) content organization; (3) management; and (4) evaluation. Six areas of information and computer management applications are discussed. These are computer-assisted learning, retrieving and organizing information from computerised databases, the application of medical informatics tools to the critical appraisal of literature and associated statistical software packages, hospital- and office-based information systems, and electronic communications. Medical education has a history of resistance to change. Reference to guidelines and experiences of others who have negotiated information management and medical informatics changes into medical school environments can therefore be helpful. It is in this context that this paper is presented.

Alberta↗
PubMed2001

A national agenda for public health informatics.

The American Medical Informatics Association 2001 Spring Congress brought together the public health and informatics communities to develop a national agenda for public health informatics. Discussions on funding and governance; architecture and infrastructure; standards and vocabulary; research, evaluation, and best practices; privacy, confidentiality, and security; and training and workforce resulted in 74 recommendations with two key themes: (1) all stakeholders need to be engaged in coordinated activities related to public health information architecture, standards, confidentiality, best practices, and research and (2) informatics training is needed throughout the public health workforce. Implementation of this consensus agenda will help promote progress in the application of information technology to improve public health.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed1994

Education in methodology for health care--EuroMISE.

In January 1993 the Joint European Project "Education in the methodology field of health care", EuroMISE (European Education in Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology) started under the European TEMPUS program. Training and education in EuroMISE consist of three overlapping methodology branches: medical informatics, medical statistics, and epidemiology. A teaching scheme has been developed in cooperation between Charles University, Prague, and EC universities and organizations involved in the EuroMISE project. One of the main tasks of the project is to design a modularly structured EuroMISE course set, to develop teaching materials and tools in the English language, and to link the EuroMISE project with other programs and projects in this field. Running EuroMISE courses, firstly for university teachers, will have a major impact in disseminating the acquired knowledge and skills.

Epidemiology↗
PubMed2005

[Possibilities of application of distance learning in medical curriculum].

Possibilities of introduction of distance learning in medical curriculum is the title of project which commenced in 2002 at Cathedra for Medical Informatics of the Medical faculty in Sarajevo. Project is approved by Federal and Cantonal ministries of science and education. The purpose of this project is to support improvement of the educational process at biomedical faculties using contemporary methods, methodologies and information technologies in accordance with strategies and objectives given by Bologna declaration. Pilot project is attained after three years, theoretical and practical part of subject Medical Informatics are adapted to modern concepts of education using world trends of distance learning. One group of students from Medical faculty was involved in this project, which was finalized by electronic registration of exam and electronic testing on June 20, 2005 in public, in Physiological amphitheatre of Medical faculty in Sarajevo. In this article we have given complete description of this project as well as its basic adventages and disadvantages.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗
PubMed2006

Modeling in biomedical informatics: an exploratory analysis part 2.

OBJECTIVE: Modeling is a significant part of research, education and practice in biomedical and health informatics. Our objective was to explore which types of models of processes are used in current biomedical/health informatics research, as reflected in publications of scientific journals in this field. Also, the implications for medical informatics curricula were investigated. METHODS: Retrospective, prolective observational study on recent publications of the two official journals of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), the International Journal of Medical Informatics (IJMI) and Methods of Information in Medicine (MIM). All publications of the years 2004 and 2005 from these journals were indexed according to a given list of model types. Random samples out of these publications were analysed in more depth. RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-four publications have been analysed, 190 of IJMI and 194 of MIM. For publications in special issues (121 in IJMI) and special topics (132 in MIM) we found differences between theme-centered and conference-centered special issues/special topics (SIT) publications. In particular, we could observe a high variation between modeling in publications of theme-centered SITs. It became obvious that often sound formal knowledge as well as a strong engineering background is needed for carrying out this type of research. Usually, this knowledge and the related skills can be best provided in consecutive B.Sc. and M.Sc. programs in medical informatics (respectively, health informatics, biomedical informatics). If the focus should be primarily on health information systems and evaluation this can be offered in a M.Sc. program in medical informatics. CONCLUSIONS: In analysing the 384 publications it became obvious that modeling continues to be a major task in research, education and practice in biomedical and health informatics. Knowledge and skills on a broad range of model types are needed in biomedical/health informatics.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1995

Medical undergraduates using the Internet as an information technology teaching tool.

The use of the Internet as an information resource is increasingly becoming useful as a tool for educators, government, and business sectors alike. The potential to deliver educational material to medical students via the Internet at any time or location is now a realistic option. Medical Informatics is a compulsory subject for all medical students at Monash University. Monash Medical Informatics (MMI), the body responsible for this teaching, considers the use and understanding of Internet resources an important component in the students overall understanding of information technology. Furthermore, the Faculty of Medicine at Monash has, as part of its mission statement, the desire to provide a sophisticated range of information technology resources to its students. his poster will show how the Unit of Medical Informatics teaches medical undergraduates to use the Internet. It will also illustrate some of the technical aspects in the establishment and efficient running of such a student facility.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2004

Accuracy of references in five biomedical informatics journals.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate and type of errors in biomedical informatics journal article references. METHODS: References in articles from the first 2004 issues of five biomedical informatics journals, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, Journal of Biomedical Informatics, International Journal of Medical Informatics, Methods of Information in Medicine, and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine were compared with MEDLINE for journal, authors, title, year, volume, and page number accuracy. If discrepancies were identified, the reference was compared with the original publication. Two reviewers independently evaluated each reference. RESULTS: The five journal issues contained 37 articles. Among the 656 eligible references, 225 (34.3%) included at least one error. Among the 225 references, 311 errors were identified. One or more errors were found in the bibliography of 31 (84%) of the 37 articles. The reference error rates by journal ranged from 22.1% to 40.7%. Most errors (39.0%) occurred in the author element, followed by the journal (31.2%), title (17.7%), page (7.4%), year (3.5%), and volume (1.3%) information. CONCLUSION: The study identified a considerable error rate in the references of five biomedical informatics journals. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of references and should more carefully check them, possibly using informatics-based assistance.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1990

[Progress in biostatistics correlated with the development of computer technics].

The development of computers has positively influenced both Biostatistics and Medical Informatics. Close cooperation between Physicians, Biostatisticians and Experts of Medical Informatics is necessary. The leading role has to play the medical question, the medical problem to be solved, and not one of the cooperating disciplines. Both Biostatistics and Medical Informatics are parts of Medicine and must therefore taught as natural-scientific basic discipline of Medicine.

Biometry↗
PubMed1998

Informatics and end-stage renal disease.

Medical informatics is an interdisciplinary field that deals with the intellectual activities; information management; and communication tasks of medical practice, basic science and clinical research, and medical education. By projecting the future of medical informatics as it specifically relates to applications in end-stage renal disease, this report focuses on some technical innovations, application of existing technology in novel ways, and program applications useful for practitioners caring for renal patients.

Guidelines as Topic↗
PubMed2004

Comparing health/medical informatics graduate program curricula against two sets of professional criteria.

Students often have a difficult time determining the differences among training programs and deciding which best meets their needs, especially in the area of health and medical informatics, where training programs often have similar names but very different content. This manuscript describes a methodology for systematically analyzing the content of graduate programs in health and medical informatics. This methodology attempts to determine if the systematic analysis of published competencies can be used to identify differences among the ever-increasing number of informatics graduate programs. The authors use the methodology to compare four graduate informatics programs to two sets of professional criteria: the Certified Professional in Healthcare Information Management Systems (CPHIMS) exam objectives published by HIMSS and the recommendations of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Working Group for Education (WG1) for competencies in medical informatics. This article discusses similarities and differences among the programs. Criteria and the implications of the differences are described.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2003

Probabilistic graphical models for computational biomedicine.

BACKGROUND: As genomics becomes increasingly relevant to medicine, medical informatics and bioinformatics are gradually converging into a larger field that we call computational biomedicine. OBJECTIVES: Developing a computational framework that is common to the different disciplines that compose computational biomedicine will be a major enabler of the further development and integration of this research domain. METHODS: Probabilistic graphical models such as Hidden Markov Models, belief networks, and missing-data models together with computational methods such as dynamic programming, Expectation-Maximization, data-augmentation Gibbs sampling, and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm provide the tools for an integrated probabilistic approach to computational biomedicine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We show how graphical models have already found a broad application in different fields composing computational biomedicine. We also indicate several challenges that lie at the interface between medical informatics, statistical genomics, and bioinformatics. We also argue that graphical models offer a unified framework making it possible to integrate in a statistically meaningful way multiple models ranging from the molecular level to cellular and to clinical levels. Because of their versatility and firm statistical underpinning, we assert that probabilistic graphical models can serve as the lingua franca for many computationally intensive approaches to biology and medicine. As such, graphical models should be a foundation of the curriculum of students in these fields. From such a foundation, students could then build towards specific computational methods in medical informatics, medical image analysis, statistical genetics, or bioinformatics while keeping the communication open between these areas.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed2005

Developing Online Communities with LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) - the IMIA OSNI and CHIRAD Experiences.

Many health informatics organisations do not seem to use, on a practical basis, for the benefit of their activities and interaction with their members, the very technologies that they often promote for use within healthcare environments. In particular, many organisations seem to be slow to take up the benefits of interactive web technologies. This paper presents an introduction to some of the many free/libre and open source (FLOSS) applications currently available and using the LAMP - Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP architecture - as a way of cheaply deploying reliable, scalable, and secure web applications. The experience of moving to applications using LAMP architecture, in particular that of the Open Source Nursing Informatics (OSNI) Working Group of the Special Interest Group in Nursing Informatics of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA-NI), in using PostNuke, a FLOSS Content Management System (CMS) illustrates many of the benefits of such applications. The experiences of the authors in installing and maintaining a large number of websites using FLOSS CMS to develop dynamic, interactive websites that facilitate real engagement with the members of IMIA-NI OSNI, the IMIA Open Source Working Group, and the Centre for Health Informatics Research and Development (CHIRAD), as well as other organisations, is used as the basis for discussing the potential benefits that could be realised by others within the health informatics community.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Clinical informatics in medical education: yesterday, today, tomorrow. Experiences at the first Faculty of Medicine, Charles University.

The subject known as clinical informatics started to develop in the 60's in medical education of clinical disciplines and was mainly concerned with structuring information for instruction and examinations. This application contributed substantially to the development of the discipline of medical education that started to be considered as a legitimate new field that could become a clinical sub-specialty in its own right. Due to uneven access to computer hardware the area developed differently in the West and East. We elaborated our projects for application of didactic games in internal medicine for the paper and pencil system. On turn of the 90's the use of PCs brought new possibilities for the application of computer programme support in the analysis of the effectiveness of the system of instruction in internal medicine we were concerned with. We carried out two longitudinal studies in clinical memory of the 4th and 6th year students of the same study cycle. In a non-anonymous questionnaire, more than 1000 respondents described their experience in observation/examination of 70 recommended disorders important for internal practice. We offer some unpublished results showing how the clinical memory of the students is formed during the four-year study and how few possibilities there are for some students to see some manifestations of various clinical disorders. Thinking about the future we are preparing a series of integrated medical and language programmes for the use of the multi-medial approach.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2004

Information management and informatics: need for a modern pathology service.

Requirements for information technology in pathology now extend well beyond the provision of purely analytical data. With the aim of achieving seamless integration of laboratory data into the total clinical pathway, "informatics"--the art and science of turning data into useful information--is becoming increasingly important in laboratory medicine. Informatics is a powerful tool in pathology--whether in implementing processes for pathology modernization, introducing new diagnostic modalities (e.g. proteomics, genomics), providing timely and evidence-based disease management, or enabling best use of limited and often costly resources. Providing appropriate information to empowered and interested patients--which requires critical assessment of the ever-increasing volume of information available--can also benefit greatly from appropriate use of informatics. General trends in medical informatics are reflected in current priorities for laboratory medicine, including the need for unified electronic records, computerized order entry, data security and recovery, and audit. The increasing demands placed on pathology information systems in the context of wider developmental change in healthcare delivery are explored in this paper.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1993

Family practice informatics: research issues in computerized medical records.

There are unique features of family and general practice which lead to unique issues in medical informatics for family physicians. The nature of practice in office based community settings and the discipline of dealing with all ages, sexes, and health conditions over the lifetime of a patient and his/her family lead to models of the thinking that are different from those used in most other specialties. Research is urgently needed to verify the models of thinking that physicians use during patient care encounters and the associated nomenclatures and classifications which support them. User interfaces need to be optimized for accuracy and speed. Standards for medical records computing in family practice need testing and validation.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗