[Military social hygiene, its essence and its position in the medical sciences (in connection with the article by O. K. Gavrilov)].
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From the point of view of occupational medicine the Army, Air Forces and Navy may be considered as a specific large-scale industrial branches which has some features in common with civilian branches. The authors propose to join the efforts of military and civilian hygienic science to solve the problems of ecology, sanitary standardization, adaptation and acclimatization in order to estimate and control the risk of professional pathology. The article shows basic trends of fundamental researches and scientific outlines for nearest and long-term period.
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The search for effective radioprotectors is of major concern in the medical, military, environmental, and space sciences. Conventional radioprotectors are generally effective only during a single irradiation and display their radioprotective properties only at high, toxic concentrations. In addition, they reduce somatic radiation effects but are poorly efficient in protecting from hereditary stochastic radiation effects. In this respect, the pigment melanin merits attention. Experiments referring to potential melanin effects on the ionising radiation response have been carried out with different biological systems, both in vivo and in vitro. In this paper, we present results on the response to high- and low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation of a human mammary epithelial cell line, H184B5 F5-1 M/10, supplemented by melanin. The incorporation of auto-oxidative (L-dopa) melanin was linear for concentrations from 3 to 10 micrograms/ml in the growth medium. Concentrations of up to 250 micrograms/ml did not significantly impair the cells proliferative ability. No significant protective effect of melanin on the survival of cultured cells after exposure to alpha-particles (130 keV/micron) or x-rays was observed.
Characterization of bacteria is currently an important research area in the medical, military, food, and agricultural sciences. In recent years, FT-IR has found an application as a microbiological detection method and as a general research tool. When coupled with a liquid chromatographic system, a new facet of research has evolved. By utilizing the separation ability of typical liquid chromatography systems, matrix elimination is possible, therefore allowing for clean spectra of cellular components. Information about the compositional makeup of various bacteria enhances the overall understanding of biology at the cellular level, provides a quantification of the chemistry of cellular processes, and can be used as a general identification tool. Both whole cells and lysed Escherichia coli cells were investigated in the present study. The cellular components consisting of proteins, glycoproteins, phospholipids, fatty amides and acids, and genomic materials were separated, isolated, and identified by FT-IR.
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