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PubMed1979

[The lymphatic system of the larynx. A lymphangioscopic and ultrastructural study (author's transl)].

From post mortem and in vivo tissues, the lymphatic drainage of the human larynx has been evaluated by means of lymphangioscopy. The fine structure of lymphatic capillaries and collecting vessels was examined in an electron microscope study. At the ultrastructural level, the structural components of the laryngeal lymphatic vascular wall showed only minor differences when compared to other lymphatic tissues. These differences concerned the valvular morphology of the lymphatic collecting vessels. There was no evidence of specific lymphatic drainage for distinct laryngeal areas, with the exception of the lymphatic capillaries of the free margin of the vocal cords. On account of anastomoses of lymphatic capillaries and collecting vessels lymphatic drainage could cross over both the laryngeal midline and other laryngeal levels. In pathological conditions with impediment of lymphatic flow, these collateral communications are of clinical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

On the functional macro- and microstructure of the lymphatic system. In memory of Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902).

The mutual basis of the unspecific as well as the specific defense system is the reticular connective tissue which is closely related to the mesenchyma. Its fixed and free elements make up the stroma and "parenchyma" of the lymphatic organs. As carriers of specific defense the immunocompetent T- and B-lymphocytes are "stamped" in the lymphoepithelial organs and the embryonic liver. The proliferation and differentiation of the immunocytes and plasma cells which are responsible for the cellular and humoral immunity ensues in the lymphoreticular organs (lymph nodes and spleen). These "lymphatic organs in a narrow sense" which are also the focal points of the RES and RHS are still of major interest. The topography, macro- and micromorphology of the lymphoreticular organs are therefore the actual topic of this review which also covers the lymph vessel system with due attention. The lymph nodes are of pre-eminent interest: It is the primary intent of this paper to improve the understanding of their practical importance for the pathophysiology of the lymphatic system from the standpoint of normal functional anatomy. For lack of space and time alone, it was impossible to include a discussion of the just so acute and problematic morphobiology of the spleen.

Animals↗