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PubMed1986

State Data Centers: improving access to census information.

"The U.S. Bureau of the Census created the State Data Center program in 1978 to improve public access to census information. This article discusses the background, structure, and services of that program; the role of libraries in the program; and future directions in State Data Center/library relationships. The appendix lists contact person names, as well as addresses and telephone numbers for State Data Center lead agencies."

Americas↗
PubMed1994

The Southeast Florida AIDS Information Network: a community outreach, specialized information system.

In the years ahead, end-user instruction will expand from the current models of curriculum- and institution-based programs for teaching MEDLINE to include outreach programs to unaffiliated users for teaching specialized database searching. The Southeast Florida AIDS Information Network (SEFAIN), a community-based information system targeting health care providers in a tri-county area, is an example of this new model. The components of SEFAIN and the results of the outreach and educational programs are presented. The advantages of these programs to both providers and librarians are highlighted. Comparisons are drawn between end users who take specialized information courses and those who take MEDLINE courses or no courses. These data will assist librarians in the justification and development of specialized information systems.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Construction and analysis of a profile library characterizing groups of structurally known proteins.

A new sequence motif library StrProf was constructed characterizing the groups of related proteins in the PDB three-dimensional structure database. For a representative member of each protein family, which was identified by cross-referencing the PDB with the PIR superfamily classification, a group of related sequences was collected by the BLAST search against the nonredundant protein sequence database. For every group, the motifs were identified automatically according to the criteria of conservation and uniqueness of pentapeptide patterns and with a dual dynamic programming algorithm. In the StrProf library, motifs are represented by profile matrices rather than consensus patterns to allow more flexible search capabilities. Another dynamic programming algorithm was then developed to search this motif library. When the computationally derived StrProf was compared with PROSITE, which is a manually derived motif library in the best consensus pattern representation, the numbers of identified patterns were comparable. StrProf missed about one third of the PROSITE motifs, but there were also new motifs lacking in PROSITE. The new library was incorporated in SMART (Sequence Motif Analysis and Retrieval Tool), a computer tool designed to help search and annotate biologically important sites in an unknown protein sequence. The client program is available free of charge through the Internet.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

A cell-based screen for drugs to treat Huntington's disease.

We have developed a medium-throughput cell-based assay to screen drugs for Huntington's disease (HD). The assay measures the ability of drugs to protect cultured neuronal (PC12) cells from death caused by an expanded polyglutamine (poly Q) form of huntingtin exon 1. Using this assay, we have blindly screened a library of 1040 compounds compiled by the NINDS: the NIH Custom Collection (NCC). Each compound was tested at five concentrations for its ability to protect cells against huntingtin-induced cell death as well as for its toxicity. Of the compounds tested, 18 prevented cell death completely, and 51 partially. Some of these also exhibited toxicity at higher doses. The majority of drugs (81%) were ineffective. Caspase inhibitors and cannabinoids showed reproducible protection in our assay. We believe these compounds, and others in our hit list, are appealing candidates for further investigation. Additionally, this assay is amenable to scaling up to screen additional compounds for treating Huntington's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Technical description of the IBIS data library. Improved Monitoring for Brain Dysfunction in Intensive Care and Surgery.

The IBIS Data Library (DL) is an annotated data library that contains practically all the monitored data and other clinical information from critically ill patients during surgery and in intensive care. The data have been collected at three sites: the intensive care unit of the Kuopio University Hospital, Finland; Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; and St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK. The purpose of the DL is to form the basis for development of biosignal interpretation methods in the Improved Monitoring for Brain Dysfunction in Intensive Care and Surgery project in the European Union (EU) BIOMED2 programme (BMH4-97-2570). The DL contains continuous electroencephalography signals, multimodal evoked potential recordings and diagnostic electrocardiography recorded during intensive care and surgery. In addition, signal types similar to those recorded during an earlier project, the EU-BIOMED1 project IMPROVE, are stored in the DL. In addition, trend data from patient monitors, laboratory data, annotations, nursing actions, and medications recorded and stored by a Patient Data Management System (PDMS) during routine care are included. The data obtained routinely are complemented by special annotations made by a physician who observes the patient during the data collection session. Annotations include, for example, assessment of the awareness of the patient and specific events during surgery not recorded routinely by the PDMS. Inclusion of information about the care plan and the aims of the care make the contents of the DL complete. The present paper describes the technical set-up used for recording of the DL and the contents of the DL. The paper also includes an appendix defining a new data format, the extended evoked potentials format, used for storage of sweep data in the DL.

Brain↗
PubMed2002

Identification of a peptide mimic of the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.

The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate is carried by many neural recognition molecules and is involved in neural cell interactions during development, regeneration in the peripheral nervous system, synaptic plasticity, and autoimmune-based neuropathies. Its key structure consists of a sulfated glucuronic acid linked to lactosaminyl residues. Because of its biological importance but limited availability, the phage display method was used to isolate a collection of peptide mimics that bind specifically to an L2/HNK-1 antibody. The phages isolated from a 15-mer peptide library by adsorption to this antibody share a consensus sequence of amino acids. The peptide mimicked several important functions of the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate, such as binding to motor neurons in vitro, and preferential promotion of in vitro neurite outgrowth from motor axons compared with sensory neurons. A scrambled version of the peptide had no activity. The combined observations indicate that we have isolated a mimic of the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate that is able to act as its functional substitute.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Assembly and analysis of cosmid contigs in the CEA-gene family region of human chromosome 19.

The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-like genes are members of a large gene family which is part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The CEA family is divided into two major subgroups, the CEA-subgroup and the pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG)-subgroup. In the course of an effort to develop a set of overlapping cosmids spanning human chromosome 19, we identified 245 cosmids in a human chromosome 19 cosmid library (6-7X redundant) by hybridization with an IgC-like domain fragment of the CEA gene. A fluorescence-based restriction enzyme digest fingerprinting strategy was used to assemble 212 probe-positive cosmids, along with 115 additional cosmids from a collection of approximately 8,000 randomly selected cosmids, into five contigs. Two of the contigs contain CEA-subgroup genes while the remaining three contigs contain PSG-subgroup genes. These five contigs range in size from 100 kb to over 300 kb and span an estimated 1 Mb. The CEA-like gene family was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization to map in the q13.1-q13.2 region of human chromosome 19. Analysis of the two CEA-subgroup contigs provided verification of the contig assembly strategy and insight into the organization of 9 CEA-subgroup genes.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed2006

Building models of animals from video.

This paper argues that tracking, object detection, and model building are all similar activities. We describe a fully automatic system that builds 2D articulated models known as pictorial structures from videos of animals. The learned model can be used to detect the animal in the original video--in this sense, the system can be viewed as a generalized tracker (one that is capable of modeling objects while tracking them). The learned model can be matched to a visual library; here, the system can be viewed as a video recognition algorithm. The learned model can also be used to detect the animal in novel images--in this case, the system can be seen as a method for learning models for object recognition. We find that we can significantly improve the pictorial structures by augmenting them with a discriminative texture model learned from a texture library. We develop a novel texture descriptor that outperforms the state-of-the-art for animal textures. We demonstrate the entire system on real video sequences of three different animals. We show that we can automatically track and identify the given animal. We use the learned models to recognize animals from two data sets; images taken by professional photographers from the Corel collection, and assorted images from the Web returned by Google. We demonstrate quite good performance on both data sets. Comparing our results with simple baselines, we show that, for the Google set, we can detect, localize, and recover part articulations from a collection demonstrably hard for object recognition.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1987

Faculty input in book selection: a comparison of alternative methods.

In an era of tight funding, academic medical center libraries need to determine their users' needs in order to provide cost-effective resource collections. Although faculty input is valuable, it is impractical to impose such ongoing responsibility on faculty members. This study tested an alternative method by comparing faculty preferences in discipline-specific subjects with faculty choices on corresponding discipline-specific, new-book approval slips from a vendor. Collection development librarian selections, based on formal selection criteria, were evaluated against both measures of faculty preferences. It was found that faculty members' subject ratings did not accurately predict their book choices. Implications of this and the other findings are discussed.

Book Selection↗
PubMed1974

The impact of the Northlands Regional Medical Program Library Services.

The most essential components of the former Northlands Regional Medical Program Library Services are reviewed. Their impact is assessed through interpretation of responses to a questionnaire sent to rural institutions that had borrowed one of the NRMP demonstration core libraries. Although the NRMP had thoroughly promoted the need for these institutions to provide information services beyond their own collection, many of them were not ready to support an alternative means of educating library personnel, and had not made use of the extension services provided through either the University of Minnesota Biomedical Library or the Mayo Medical Library. A gradual change was anticipated, however, and some general recommendations are made as an outcome of this study regarding the direction of further efforts towards medical library development in the non-metropolitan areas of Minnesota.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed2006

Mapping the literature of pediatric nursing.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric nurses work in an interdisciplinary field and face ever-increasing demands on their time and knowledge. Selection tools for librarians serving this group are available, but only one bibliometric analysis has examined citations to aid collection development. METHOD: The "Mapping the Literature of Nursing Project" protocol was used. Three source journals were selected, and a citation analysis of articles from 1998 to 2000 was conducted. RESULTS: The frequency of journal citation was tabulated, and a list of the most frequently cited journals was created. Just over 1% of the cited journals produced 33% of the citations. PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, and Social Sciences Citation Index provided the most complete indexing coverage of all types of the journals, while CINAHL providing the most complete coverage of nursing journals. Books were the second-most frequently cited format. CONCLUSIONS: Citation analysis of journal articles from pediatric nursing journals may be helpful in selecting journals for libraries serving pediatric nurses and those who conduct pediatric nursing research. Librarians should consider adding indexes to their collection in addition to PubMed/MEDLINE to access the broad range of journals useful to this specialty.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2001

Communicating with children and adolescents about their cancer.

BACKGROUND: Communication with children and adolescents with cancer about their disease and treatment and the implications of these is an important aspect of good quality care. It is often poorly performed in practice. Various interventions have been developed that aim to enhance communication involving children or adolescents with cancer. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of interventions to enhance communication with children and/or adolescents about their cancer, its treatment and their implications. SEARCH STRATEGY: The following electronic databases were searched: Cochrane Library; Medline; PsycLit; Cinahl; Cancerlit; EMBASE; Sociofile; Health Management Information Consortium; ASSIA; LISA; ERIC; PAIS; Information Science Abstracts; Dissertation Abstracts; JICST; Pascal; Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts; Mental Health Abstracts; AMED; MANTIS. Bibliographies of identified studies were also checked and contact made with experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and before and after studies that evaluated the effects of interventions to enhance communication with children and/or adolescents about their cancer, treatment and related issues. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data relating to the interventions, populations and outcomes studied and the design and methodological quality of included studies were extracted by one reviewer and checked by another reviewer. A narrative summary of the results is presented. MAIN RESULTS: Six studies met the criteria for inclusion. They were diverse in terms of the interventions evaluated, study designs used, types of people who participated and the outcomes measured. One study of a computer-assisted education programme reported improvements in knowledge and understanding about blood counts and cancer symptoms. Two out of two studies of school reintegration programs reported improvements in some aspects of psychosocial wellbeing (one in anxiety and one in depression), social wellbeing (two in social competence and one in social support) and behavioural problems; and one reported improvements in physical competence. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to enhance communication involving children and adolescents with cancer have not been widely or rigorously assessed. The weak evidence that exists suggests that some children and adolescents with cancer may derive some benefit from specific information-giving programs and from interventions that aim to facilitate their reintegration into school and social activities. More research is needed to investigate the effects of these and other related interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Zonisamide for drug-resistant partial epilepsy.

BACKGROUND: The majority of epileptic patients have a good prognosis and their seizures can be well controlled with the use of a single antiepileptic agent, but up to 30% develop refractory epilepsy, especially those with partial seizures. In this review we summarise the current evidence regarding a new antiepileptic drug, zonisamide, when used as an add-on treatment for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of zonisamide when used as an add-on treatment for patients with drug -resistant partial epilepsy. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group trial register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library Issue 4, 1999). In addition, we contacted Dianippon and Elan Pharma (makers and licensees of zonisamide) and experts in the field to seek any ongoing studies or unpublished studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized placebo controlled add-on trials of zonisamide in patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion and extracted relevant data. The following outcomes were assessed: (a) 50% or greater reduction in total seizure frequency; (b) treatment withdrawal (any reason); (c) adverse events. Primary analyses were intention to treat. Sensitivity best and worst case analyses were also undertaken. Summary odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS: Three trials were included with 499 patients randomized. EFFICACY: Overall odds ratio (OR, 95% CI) for 50% reduction in seizure frequency compared to placebo was 2.07 (1.36,3.15) for a 400mg/day dose of zonisamide. When the full treatment period of 12 weeks was considered for all three trials including varied rates of titration to 400mg/day the OR compared to placebo was 2.72 (1.74,4. 25). There was insufficient evidence to support a dose response relationship between dose and responder rate. Tolerability: Treatment withdrawal OR compared to placebo was 1.74 (1.03,2.95). Adverse events: ataxia 3.94 (1.23,12.57), somnolence 2.11 (1.11, 3. 98), agitation 3.52 (1.26,9.68), agitation and irritability 2.43(1. 04,5.66) and anorexia 2.98(1.38,6.42) were significantly associated with zonisamide. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Zonisamide has efficacy as an add-on treatment in patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy. Minimum effective and maximum tolerated doses cannot be identified. The trials reviewed were of 12 week duration and results cannot be used to conform longer periods of effectiveness in seizure control. The results cannot be extrapolated to monotherapy or to patients with other seizure types or epilepsy syndromes.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diversity measures for enhancing ADME admissibility of combinatorial libraries.

For general screening libraries, structural diversity descriptors and drug-likeness indicators still do not guarantee the in vivo bioavailability for the candidates, which is considered a major bottleneck in drug development. Early prediction of pharmacokinetics (log P, log D), metabolism, and toxicity makes it possible to deal with ADME (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) related diversity as an extension to the classical diversity concepts. It opens several new possibilities for optimization of a discovery library before doing any experimental screening. This new diversity concept is demonstrated on a subset of MeDiverse, which is a diverse collection of pharmacologically relevant compounds selected from our in-house library. From consideration of the ADME interface in living systems, virtual secondary libraries of metabolites and retrometabolites (prodrugs) can be generated. These additional libraries readily enhance both the structural and ADME related diversity. This new opportunity in library design can substantially improve the success rate for in vivo lead generation from in vitro hits.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed2004

Characterization of full-length enriched expressed sequence tags of stress-treated poplar leaves.

Poplar, whose genome is the first to be sequenced among woody plants, is a favorable model for plant biologists to enable them to understand molecular processes of growth, development and responses to environmental stimuli in trees. The sequence will allow the development of a strategy for improving environmental stress tolerance in forest trees. In this study, we have generated a full-length enriched cDNA library from leaves of axenically grown poplar (Populus nigra var. italica) subjected to environmental stress treatments by dehydration, high salinity, chilling, heat, abscisic acid (ABA) and H2O2. We sequenced >30,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the cDNA library and consequently collected approximately 4,500 non-redundant clones. We further analyzed cDNAs encoding an ERF/AP2-domain transcription factor which is specific in plants and plays an important role under stress. Thirteen candidates containing the ERF/AP2 domain were found within our EST resource. Some of them showed stress-responsive gene expression. We report here the first collection of full-length enriched stress-related ESTs of poplar and discuss environmental stress responses of forest trees in the light of comparative genomics.

Abscisic Acid↗
PubMed2005

The information needs and behaviour of clinical researchers: a user-needs analysis.

AIMS: As part of the strategy to set up a new information service, including a physical Resource Centre, the analysis of information needs of clinical research professionals involved with clinical research and development in the UK and Europe was required. It also aimed to identify differences in requirements between the various roles of professionals and establish what information resources are currently used. METHODS: A user-needs survey online of the members of The Institute. Group discussions with specialist subcommittees of members. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety members responded to the online survey of 20 questions. This makes it a response rate of 7.9%. Members expressed a lack of information in their particular professional area, and lack the skills to retrieve and appraise information. DISCUSSION: The results of the survey are discussed in more detail, giving indications of what the information service should collect, what types of materials should be provided to members and what services should be on offer. RECOMMENDATION: These were developed from the results of the needs analysis and submitted to management for approval. Issues of concern, such as financial constraint and staff constraints are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS: There is an opportunity to build a unique collection of clinical research material, which will promote The Institute not only to members, but also to the wider health sector. Members stated that the most physical medical libraries don't provide what they need, but the main finding through the survey and discussions is that it's pointless to set up 'yet another medical library'.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2001

Analysis of solvent vapors in breath and ambient air with a surface acoustic wave sensor array.

This article describes the development and evaluation of a small prototype instrument employing an array of four polymer-coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors for rapid analysis of organic solvent vapors in exhaled breath and ambient air. A thermally desorbed adsorbent preconcentrator within the instrument is used to increase sensitivity and compensate for background water vapor. Calibrations were performed for breath and dry nitrogen samples in Tedlar bags spiked with 16 individual solvents and selected binary mixtures. Responses were linear over the 50- to 400-fold concentration ranges examined and mixture responses were additive. The resulting library of vapor calibration response patterns was used with extended disjoint principal components regression and a probabilistic artificial neural network to develop vapor-recognition algorithms. In a subsequent analysis of an independent data set all individual vapors and most binary mixture components were correctly identified and were quantified to within 25% of their actual concentrations. Limits of detection for a 0.25 l. sample collected over a 2.5-min period were <0.3xTLV for 14 of the 16 vapors based on the criterion that all four sensors show a detectable response. Results demonstrate the feasibility of this technology for workplace analysis of breath and ambient air.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2002

[Information provision for the biomedical sciences in the Netherlands faces an uncertain future].

The availability of biomedical information in the Netherlands is largely guaranteed by the libraries of the eight medical faculties and related university hospitals together with the Netherlands Institute for Scientific Information Services (Dutch acronym: NIWI). The acquisition of biomedical journals has always been coordinated at a national level. Up until now the NIWI has played a central role in filling in the gaps left by the other collections. It also functions as a national archive and a main document delivery centre. The NIWI receives financial support from the Dutch government to perform these tasks. Recently, NIWI announced that it intends to terminate its acquisition and document delivery service for the biomedical sciences. The remaining eight libraries foresee a number of negative effects if no alternatives to the present NIWI service are developed. We are of the opinion that this situation necessitates a national, biomedical information strategy.

Computers↗