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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Strategies for the treatment of labyrinthine fistula in chronic purulent otitis media with cholesteatoma].

The paper presents the results of surgery performed in 75 patients with labyrinthine fistula in otitis media chronica purulenta with cholesteatoma; describes the proposed procedure of selective laser destruction of vestibular receptors using energy of neodymium laser which provides the relief of vertigo without damage to the initial level of hearing; shows its advantages over conventional surgical treatment.

Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear↗
PubMed2001

[Retraction of the endolymphatic membranes in temporal bones of the Wittmaack and Tufts collections].

BACKGROUND: In histologic studies, the volumetric status of the intralabyrinthine fluids is judged by the position of the endolymphatic membranes. Bulging of the membranes, commonly known as endolymphatic hydrops, is assumed to be caused by excess of endolymph. The opposite situation, retraction of the membranes is, however, only incidentally described and relatively little attention has been paid to its significance. Almost one hundred years ago Wittmaack described retraction of the endolymphatic membranes, which has since been considered to be preparation artifact--a concept that essentially remains unchallenged. To test the validity of this long premise, we examined two sets of temporal bones from different centers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied the following collections: 1. The Wittmaack collection in Hamburg, Germany. The original material of 67 temporal bones (patient ages 0-92 years, average age 35.2 years) on which Wittmaack based his opinions. 2. For comparison and to exclude age related phenomena, 125 temporal bones from 73 children between the ages newborn to ten years (average age 13.4 months, median 1.5 months) from the temporal bone collection of the Department of Otolaryngology Tufts University School of Medicine. All specimens were studied by light microscopy. Retraction was defined as depression of Reissner's membrane toward the stria vascularis and the Organ of Corti in more than one cochlear turn and was graded into mild, moderate and severe. Additionally the saccule, utricle and semicircular ducts were examined for collapse. RESULTS: The reevaluation of the 67 temporal bones described by Wittmaack, including those of 7 children below the age of 10 years, showed retraction of Reissner's membrane in 81% compared to 33% of the temporal bones from the Tufts collection. In contrast to the high incidence of retraction in the cochlear duct, fewer saccules (12%) and utricles (4%) were collapsed in the Tufts collection. In the Wittmaack collection no significant differences between the underlying diseases were found, however in the Tufts collection the group of children who suffered from extracochlear infections and malignancies had a higher frequency of retraction. CONCLUSION: Mild retraction might be to some extent physiologic or even artifactual. Severe retraction, however, is a definitive finding that is a part of a local or regional otopathologic process. Of material, it is quite possible that Wittmaack's original observations of what he called "hypotonic collapse" was of viral origin (viruses were not known during Wittmaack's time), ototoxicity or even of genetic origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Inner ear damage induced by bacteria (Mycobacterium chelonae)].

Mycobacterium chelonae has a pathogenicity for mouse inner ear, resulting in "spinning disease". The mice were subjected to intravenous injection of 1-1.2 x 10(7) organisms of strain ATCC19977 of M. chelonae subspecies abscessus. Morphological changes in the inner ear were investigated together with changes in behavior and auditory brainstem response (ABR). Three days after injection, the threshold of ABR rose in high frequency and the latency of the fifth wave prolonged. The behaviors of the mice such as "grooming" or "sniffing" were suppressed day by day. Fourteen days after injection, 35% of mice showed abnormal behavior, such as "spinning disease". The damage in the cochlear and vestibular sensory cells were observed using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The inner ear showed serous or purulent labyrinthitis after injection. The most specific change found in purulent labyrinthitis was massive abscess of the cochlea with necrosis. Serous labyrinthitis which might have been induced by bacterial toxins was characterized by homogeneous and eosinophilic precipitates and slight cellular infiltrations in the perilymphatic and endolymphatic spaces. In the organ of Corti, the inner and outer hair cell cilia had degenerated and disappeared. In the vestibular end organs, the sensory cilia were fused, lost and sustained ballooning. The cross links and rough nature of the sensory hair membrane had disappeared in the early stage of serous labyrinthitis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis and management of drop attacks of vestibular origin: Tumarkin's otolithic crisis.

Erroneous signals of vestibular origin can cause sudden falls without warning. Drop attacks of vestibular origin in our experience most commonly occurred in patients with late or end-stage endolymphatic hydrops (usually idiopathic, ie, Meniere's disease). Eponymically termed Tumarkin's otolithic crisis, drop attacks of vestibular origin must be distinguished from drop attacks due to cardiovascular abnormalities, seizure disorders, vertebral basilar arterial insufficiency (transitory brain stem ischemia), multiple sclerosis, and drug-induced motor control disturbances. The treatment of choice for drop attacks of vestibular origin is either surgical ablation (labyrinthectomy) in the absence of serviceable hearing or middle fossa vestibular nerve section in order to preserve serviceable hearing.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The central nervous system in deaf adolescents.

Studies were made on 100 pupils, recruited from occupational rehabilitation schools for the deaf in Kraków. They underwent general medical as well as specialist examinations. Deafness was found up to the age of 3 years in 75% of those examined. In 30% of the subjects, their vestibular system was paralysed, ophthalmological disorders were found in 95% of cases, neurological disturbances in 15% and pathological changes of the central nervous system in 65% of cases were recorded by EEG. We did not look for evidence that deafness causes anatomical changes in the central nervous system, but the disturbances observed nevertheless indicate a correlation with congenital or early acquired deafness.

Adolescent↗