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PubMedDate not supplied

Possible involvement of free radicals in lipopolysaccharide-induced labyrinthitis in the guinea pig: a morphological and functional investigation.

Intratympanic injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide impaired caloric responses and caused severe and widespread morphological damage to vestibular end organs and the endolymphatic sac in the guinea pig. These effects could be blocked with N-nitro-L-arginine methylester, a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, with superoxide dismutase, an O2 scavenger, with dexamethasone, and with ebselen, a scavenger of peroxynitrite. These observations indicate that enhanced nitric oxide and superoxide production, resulting in formation of peroxynitrite, is probably an important factor responsible for the pathological damage to vestibuli. If this is so, we may have found a way to study vestibular pathogenesis in inner ear disease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the vestibular labyrinth in patients with atypical and intractable benign positional vertigo.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a most common cause of dizziness and usually a self-limited disease, although a small percentage of patients suffer from a permanent form and do not respond to any treatment. This persistent form of BPPV is thought to have a different underlying pathophysiology than the generally accepted canalolithiasis theory. We investigated 5 patients who did not respond to physical treatment, presented with an atypical concomitant nystagmus or both with high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear. This method provides an excellent imaging of the inner ear fluid spaces. In all 5 patients, we found structural changes such as fractures or filling defects in the semicircular canals which we did not find in control groups. One patient clinically presented with the symptoms of a 'heavy cupula'. Whereas crosssections through the ampullary region and the adjoining utricle showed no abnormalities, there were significant structural changes in the semicircular canals, which are able to provide an explanation for the symptoms of a heavy cupula.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Experimental labyrinthitis in guinea pigs caused by a hantavirus.

Hantavirus-induced acute viral infection of the inner ear of guinea pigs is reported. Guinea pigs were inoculated directly into the inner ear through the round window, or intraperitoneally with hantavirus (B-1 strain), and the cochlea was examined using an immunohistochemical technique for the localization of viral antigens. Virus-specific antigens were detected prominently in the stria vascularis and to a lesser degree in other inner ear structures of the infected guinea pigs. The morphological changes in the inner ear structures of these guinea pigs were observed. Virus was isolated from the blood of some infected guinea pigs. These data suggest that hantavirus can infect the inner ear of the guinea pig via viremia. The effect of immunosuppression by ciclosporin A or cyclophosphamide is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mumps labyrinthitis, endolymphatic hydrops and sudden deafness in succession in the same ear.

Acute sensorineural hearing loss, mostly unilateral and reversible, is a well-known complication to mumps. Secondary endolymphatic hydrops, Ménière's syndrome, has rarely been associated with a previous mumps infection. This paper presents the case report of a woman who experienced unilateral hearing loss, vestibular symptoms and a caloric depression on the same ear during mumps. The symptoms and findings were reversible. Twelve years later she developed Ménière's symptoms in the same ear. This continued for 2 years after which she suddenly had a sensorineural hearing loss. This was localized in the mid- and high-tone area and was almost identical with the initial hearing loss 14 years earlier. Viral damage to the resorptive structures of the inner ear seems to have caused the hydrops. It also seemed to have weakened the neuronal structures of the ear, letting the initial damage become overt after repeated attacks of pathological pressure changes.

Adult↗