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Comparison of iothalamate meglumine, metrizamide and iodophendylate in cerebral ventriculography. A clinical, radiological and histopathological study in the rat.

Clinical, radiological and histopathological findings following cerebral ventriculography in the rat using the water-soluble contrast media iothalamate meglumine and metrizamide, and the oil-soluble iodophendylate are reported. Clinically, iothalamate meglumine caused convulsions, while there were no adverse reactions to the other media. Radiologically there was good visualizaiton of the ventricles with all media. Iodophendylate was retained in the ventricles for the duration of the experiment (up to 60 days), while the water-soluble media had disappeared within 20 minutes. Histologically there were no pathological changes attributable to the water-soluble media. Iodophendyalte led to enlargement of the ventricles, and macrophages containing oil were seen on the ependymal lining.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contrast and electrolyte dynamics of the intravenous pyelogram. I. Urinary pH and volume changes in the canine I. V. P.

Canine peripheral venous or suprarenal aortic injections of sodium or meglumine iothalamate produced a significant swing towards an alkaline urine only in individual dogs injected with meglumine salts. When mean values were compared for the sodium or meglumine groups as a whole, however, no significant differences could be established for pH change or induced diuresis. With both salts, ATPase inhibition could play a role in urinary electrolyte excretion. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition does not seem to play a significant role in urinary pH changes induced by contrast media.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contrast and electrolyte dynamics of the intravenous pyelogram. II. Disparities in serum and urine concentrations of meglumine and anion.

Intravenous or intra-aortic injections of meglumine iothalamate in dogs indicate a slightly different tissue distribution and excretory pattern of the meglumine cation and the iothalamate anion. Differences in serum and urinary concentrations of these ions suggest some cellular penetration of the meglumine anion. In addition, there seems to be some evidence for both tubular absorption and tubular excretion of meglumine as a minor component in the renal excretion of this ion. No significant differences could be demonstrated for either urinary load or concentration when the sodium salts of iothalamate were compared to the methylglucamine salts.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toxicity studies of coronary arteriographic media in dogs.

Sequential injections of different contrast material in the canine coronary artery were performed while ventricular pressure and EKG were recorded. Larger volumes of contrast material caused more fibrillation and more drop in pressure. Preliminary myocardial infarction increased pressure effects. Diatrizoate methylglucamine (Renografin-76) caused more fibrillation and lowering of ventricular pressure than iothalamate or metrizoate Coronar. Calcium lessened the ventricular pressure depression from iothalamate.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Solute excretion during intravenous urography. A comparison of sodium iothalamate and sodium iocarmate (iothalamate dimer).

Sodium iothalamate and sodium iocarmate (iothalamate dimer) were compared as urographic agents. The two agents were administered intravenously to dogs at a dose level of 600 mg I/kg. The concentrations and outputs of major urinary solutes and injected solutes were measured to define the differences in diuretic effect of the two agents. The urinary output and concentration of iodine with each agent were also compared. The diuresis with iocarmate was lower. It was apparent that the lower diuresis and higher urinary iodine concentration with iocarmate was due to the lower osmotic activity per iodine atom obtained with this agent.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibodies to radiographic contrast agents. Induction and characterization of rabbit antibody.

An allergic, immunologic mechanism for certain adverse reactions to radiocontrast agents has been postulated on the basis of clinical and theoretical considerations. One obstacle to the acceptance of this allergic theory has been the inability to demonstrate significant antibodies with specificity for these agents. We attempted the induction of antibodies in the rabbit using analogues of radiocontrast media. The synthesis of four different analogues of commonly used radiocontrast agents allowed for testing the haptenic potential of various portions of the contrast medium molecule. Each analogue was conjugated to a carrier protein, emulsified in a suitable adjuvant, and repeatedly injected into several rabbits. Optimal immunization conditions were selected to increase the probability of antibody induction. Specific antibody was produced in good titer to each of the four haptens and in all injected rabbits. Antibodies were characterized by means of precipitation assays and radioimmunoassay using contrast agents labeled with 125I. Antibody concentrations ranged from 0.23 to 2.7 mg/ml and varied with interval and frequency of booster injections. In addition to antibodies specific for the contrast media analogues, antibodies to the carrier protein were also detected. Antibodies were of the IgG class and in selected sera were 83-92% precipitable. The induction of antibodies to radiocontrast agents supports the allergic theory of contrast medium toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructural effects of Conray 60 and Pantopaque on ependyma and choroid plexus following intraventricular injections.

Electron microscope evaluation of choroid plexus and ependyma following single cerebral intraventricular injections of Conray 60 and Pantopaque was carried out on 35 rats and 4 dogs. The animals were sacrificed at periods ranging from 1 hour to 4 months. Conray was not detected with the light or electron microscope; however, Pantopaque was presumptively localized as electron-dense masses associated with lipid-like bodies at the ventricular interface of both choroidal and ependymal epithelium. Conray 60 injections consistently induced convulsions in rats. Histological studies demonstrated moderate cellular damage and multilayered proliferation of ependymal epithelium. Morphological damage following Pantopaque was more severe and widespread in both choroid plexus and ependyma suggesting that, of the two agents, Conray may have the greater clinical potential provided that the associated convulsions are controlled by appropriate measures.

Animals↗