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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Some toxic and trace metals in big game hunted in the northern part of Poland in 1987-1991.

Game animal meats (muscle, liver and kidneys) collected from different regions in northern part of Poland in 1987-1991 were analysed for mercury, cadmium, lead, copper, manganese, zinc and iron. Toxic mercury, cadmium and lead occurred in relatively low concentrations in muscle and organ meats, with the exception of lead in muscle and cadmium in kidneys, which were relatively more contaminated. The concentrations of essential trace metals in samples examined seemed to be natural. Roe-deer contained relatively higher concentrations of copper, both in liver and kidneys, than stag and wild boar, while stag had higher levels of manganese in muscle meat and organs. The weighted mean concentration ranges obtained related to wet-weight for muscle, liver and kidneys of wild boar, roe-deer and stage were 1.2-3.4, 7.3-15, and 24-54 micrograms/kg for mercury; 10-10, 110-210, and 1500-2100 micrograms/kg for cadmium; 86-160, 190-210, and 210-290 micrograms/kg for lead; 1.6 and 1.8, 4.5-28, and 5.4-12 mg/kg for copper; 0.24-0.83, 1.7-5.2, and 1.3-4.1 mg/kg for manganese; 32-37, 37-47, and 30-48 mg/kg for zinc; and 24-31, 40-54, and 67-83 mg/kg for iron, respectively. Single specimens of elk and aurochs were examined also. From the point of view of health, contamination of muscle with lead, as a result of shot pellet fragmentation, and of kidneys with cadmium from the contaminated environment, seemed to be of greatest concern. The values obtained were compared with the available literature data.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

War and hunting poisons of the New World. Part 1. Notes on the early history of curare.

The history to about 1850 of the muscle-relaxant poison curare is discussed, especially the developments leading to the botanical identification of the plants that yield the alkaloidal active principles: Loganiaceae (Strychnos species) and Menispermaceae (Abuta, Chondrodendron, and Curarea species). One of the earliest encounters with the poison appears to have been during the exploration of the Lake Maracaibo region in Colombia by Alonso Pérez de Tolosa in 1548. It is pointed out (yet again) that Sir Walter Ralegh did not bring back the poison to Europe in 1595 and that it was Keymis who first came across the word ourari when exploring the lower reaches of the Orinoco in 1596. Gumilla, La Condamine, Ulloa, Veigl, and others gave much additional information about the poison during the 18th century. Scientific studies began in the latter part of the century when Schreber listed the botanical identities of four of the plant components entering into the curare prepared by the Akawai Indians of Surinam. As far as is known, none of these people actually saw curare being made. Thereafter, progress was rapid. Humboldt and Bonpland were the first trained scientists to witness the preparation of the poison, at the very beginning of the 19th century. Subsequent exploration by Martius and Spix, Poeppig, Youd, the Schomburgk brothers, De Castelnau and Deville, Spruce, and others, up to the middle of the century, extended and deepened botanical and ethnological knowledge of curare. Study of its physiology started at about that time with the classical experiments of Rudolf von Koelliker and Claude Bernard.

Curare↗
PubMed1988

On hunting.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Molecular cloning and sequencing of cDNAs encoding insecticidal peptides from the primitive hunting spider, Plectreurys tristis (Simon).

Plectreurys tristis cephalothorax mRNA was isolated and amplified by PCR using degenerate primers corresponding to reverse translated mature Plt-VI toxin. An oligonucleotide corresponding to a portion of the amplified product was then used to screen a P. tristis cDNA library. The cDNAs from 10 positive clones were sequenced. Eight of these cDNAs corresponded to Plt-VI toxin, one to Plt-XI toxin, and one was very similar to Plt-VIII toxin, with the exception of a single amino acid substitution. Analysis of these cDNAs indicated that these toxins are initially synthesized as prepro-forms which undergo signal cleavage followed by additional processing at both their N- and C-termini to produce the mature products.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Hunting oxygen complexes of nitric oxide synthase at low temperature and high pressure.

The reaction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with oxygen is fast and takes place within several steps, separated by ephemeral intermediates. The use of extreme experimental conditions, such as low temperature and high pressure, associated to rapid kinetic analysis, has proven to be a convenient tool to study this complex reaction. Stopped-flow experiments under high pressure indicated that oxygen binding occurred in more than one step. This was further corroborated by the detection of two short-lived oxy-compounds, differing in their spectral and electronic properties. Oxy-I resembles the ferrous oxygen complex known for cytochrome P450, whereas oxy-II appears to be locked in the superoxide form. Subzero temperature spectroscopy, together with an analytical separation method, revealed that the subsequent one-electron reduction of the oxygen complex is carried out by the NOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). The low-temperature stabilized oxidation product of BH4 was found to be a protonated BH3 radical. Finally, work in the presence of a BH4 analog indicated that proton transfer to the activated oxygen complex is a second essential function of BH4.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The chemical hunt for the identification of drugable targets.

Chemical biology has emerged as a new scientific discipline to change the way scientists approach and study the interface between chemistry, biology, and physics. By integrating the knowledge base of the human genome with the power of diverse and flexible chemical technology platforms, the ultimate goal is to define the 'rules of engagement' for small molecules and their use in basic biology and in drug discovery. Herein, we highlight the current counterpoles of the chemical biology philosophy in the framework between conformational diversity and informational complexity. Expanding the growing molecular recognition information matrix into classification of diseases and immediate mechanistic in-vivo proof of concept models represent the next development phase in a field that, unlike any other due to its multidisciplinary nature, unifies basic scientists and drug discoverers.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Physiological tolerances of the euterrestrial amphipod Arcitalitrus dorrieni (Hunt) as a key to its geographical distribution? A test using mesocosms.

An experimental approach was taken to examine the physiological tolerances that may determine the distribution of the euterrestrial amphipod Arcitalitrus dorrieni, a native of Australia which has established itself in the UK over the last 100 years. Two experiments using mesocosms were carried out over consecutive winters to examine the effects of low temperature and leaf litter sodium content on survival. The role of the microhabitat in buffering environmental temperature was also investigated. It was concluded that A. dorrieni may be prevented from colonising areas of Britain by the effects on populations of low winter temperatures and low habitat sodium concentration. There is considerable buffering of environmental temperatures by the leaf litter and soil layers of the microhabitat, and consequently, mortality of A. dorrieni is related to the depth of microhabitat available for it to utilise in avoiding low temperatures.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed2005

RNA interference libraries prove their worth in hunt for tumor suppressor genes.

RNA interference has been promoted as an ideal tool for functional genomics, but to date the success stories have principally been in model organisms. Two papers in this issue of Cell change all that: use of RNA interference libraries targeting large proportions of the human genome to uncover two novel tumor suppressor genes. REST is a transcriptional repressor that silences neuron-specific gene expression, and PITX1 is a homeodomain transcription factor that promotes the expression of a negative regulator of Ras.

Gene Library↗
PubMed2005

Going on a cancer gene hunt.

NIH is preparing to announce plans for the pilot phase of their proposed Human Cancer Genome Project. This initiative seeks to provide a complete list of the mutations that give rise to cancer.

Genes, Neoplasm↗
PubMed2006

DNA double-strand break repair: a relentless hunt uncovers new prey.

A major pathway for repair of DNA double-strand breaks is nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). In this issue of Cell, and report the discovery of a new NHEJ factor called Cernunnos-XLF. Both groups report that this protein is mutated in a rare inherited human syndrome characterized by severe immunodeficiency, developmental delay, and hypersensitivity to agents that cause DNA double-strand breaks.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Hunting the mechanisms of self-renewal of immortal cell populations by means of real-time imaging of living cells.

The causes of the indefinite propagation of immortalized cell populations remain insufficiently understood, that hinders the research of such fundamental processes as ageing and cancer. In this study the interrelations between clonal proliferation and abnormalities of mitotic divisions in the immortalized cell line established from the mouse embryo were investigated with the aid of computerized microscopy of living cells. 3 mitoses with three daughter cells and 7 asymmetric mitoses which generated two daughter cells of conspicuously different sizes were registered among 71 mitotic divisions in the individual cell genealogy. Abnormal mitotic divisions either did not slow the proliferation in cell clones compared with progenies of cells that divided by means of normal mitoses or were followed by the acceleration of divisions in consecutive cell generations. These data suggest that abnormal mitotic divisions may contribute to the maintenance of the immortalized state of cell populations by means of generating chromosomal instability.

Animals↗