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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

A core phantasy in violence.

In this paper the author develops the hypothesis that for some patients there is a core phantasy in their violence that is related to their beliefs about their own procreation. Drawing on her experience of trying to understand and treat psychoanalytically one such patient, the author illustrates how it may be possible to apprehend that there is a pattern in which violence is exercised, a plot or narrative that allows the underlying phantasies to be identified. The violent act tells a story, which is a personal myth of creation and contains both pre-oedipal and distorted oedipal theories. These ideas are then discussed in the context of Freud's writings on violence [Heftigkeit] as well as in relation to a second particularly violent patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Responsible parenthood and attitude to procreation].

A study of what responsible parenthood means for 137 university female students and 142 working class women was made. Using a modification of the semantic differential measuring scale, 10 questions were made to explore if responsible parenthood means personal development of children or family planning. Through factor analysis it was seen that for both groups the concept basically means to understand children better and to give them a better education. A minor percentage of university women answered about family planning. This work was due to help the Mexican Government Education Campaign to decrease birth rate in the country. Ways to improve this campaign are suggested taking as a base the results of this study.

Attitude↗
PubMed2003

Assisted reproduction--Islamic views on the science of procreation.

The field of assisted reproduction is one of the fastest growing areas in medicine. The development of new and sophisticated techniques all aim to give reproductive technologies and scientists a better understanding of reproductive biology. The development of new techniques may also be able to improve the chances of an infertile couple towards achieving a pregnancy. However the ethics and legality of assisted reproductive technology must not be brushed aside. Islamic scholars whose reference basis resides in the Holy Quran and the Hadith have addressed different issues relating to assisted reproductive technology. Some of the issues remain controversial and need detailed discussion before it can be deemed as appropriate and legible for use as guidelines in the development of the processes involved.

Beginning of Human Life↗
PubMed2004

How can the genetic risks of embryo donation be minimized? Proposed guidelines of the French Federation of CECOS (Centre d'Etude et de Conservation des Oeufs et du Sperme).

Embryo donation is now an acceptable practice which offers new possibilities to many infertile couples wishing to procreate. In France, embryo donation, like gamete donation, is controlled by law, but its application has been poorly developed because too many questions remained unsolved and because of the lack of practical guidelines. Here we report the results of the debate which took place within the Genetics Commission of the French Federation of CECOS and the proposed recommendations which followed, emphasizing the genetic background to be considered for embryo donation.

France↗
PubMed1996

Feminist bioethics: toward developing a "feminist" answer to the surrogate motherhood question.

Although a wide variety of feminist approaches to bioethics presently share a common feminist methodology (sometimes referred to as "raising the woman question"), they do not all share the same feminist politics, ontology, epistemology, and ethics. As a result of their philosophical differences, feminist bioethicists do not always agree on which biomedical principles, practices, and policies are best suited to serving women's interests. In other words, some feminist bioethicists insist that so-called "assisted reproduction" enhances women's procreative liberty, while others claim that it does nothing of the sort. Although such disagreement among feminist bioethicists reassures the general public that the feminist "program" for bioethics is not ideologically monolithic, it also confuses the public, especially women. In order to overcome this confusion, feminist bioethicists should work toward developing the kind of shared theoretical base that will foster frequent consensus on the biomedical principles, practices, and policies most likely to serve the interests of most women in the U.S. today.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed1992

Swiss decide on assisted procreation.

For several years, assisted procreation in Switzerland has been conducted in accordance with a series of guidelines produced between 1981 and 1990 by the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences. The most recent of these is reproduced below. Whether Swiss doctors can continue to work according to its guidance has, however, been put in doubt by the result of a national referendum on 17 May, 1992. This rejected, by a large majority, storage of embryos: it it becomes part of Swiss statute law, in vitro fertilisation will become much more difficult. Its effect is discussed after the guidelines.

Biological Specimen Banks↗
PubMed1997

[The proposed position statement on the preliminary screening of hepatitis B and hepatitis C of tentative intra-couple medically assisted reproduction. The BLEFCO Federation].

Within the context of routine screening before intra-couple Medically Assisted Procreation attempt, French Bioethical law of July 1994 makes provision for health security rules by announcing a State Council statutory order, not published at the moment. The infectious transmissibility risk in matter of MAP is much debated, especially for hepatitis virus and assisted fertilization. The attitude proposed take account of well-known transmission modes, potential risks, biological technics for screening at our disposal, ethical considerations and legal context, for this activity within the limits of therapeutic.

Bioethics↗
PubMed1995

Pedophilic episodes in middle age and senescence: an intergenerational encounter.

The study of pedophilic episodes in later life shows how acting out in a particular emotional context can help the offender to reorganize his life. After reviewing 36 cases referred to the McGill Clinic in Forensic Psychiatry between 1980-1989, a previous history of offender victimization was found in 12 cases. Careful analysis of all the cases showed reactivation of conflict in their family of procreation in 34 cases. Various psychodynamic hypotheses are suggested through the longitudinal history of the perpetrator and the nature of the relationship between victim and perpetrator. Analysis of a longitudinal follow-up in 26 cases suggests that through various mechanisms of organization, disorganization and reorganization, the pedophilic episode represented an opportunity for these middle-aged and senescent pedophiles to resolve some issues underlying their pedophilic interests, leading to a higher level of maturity, thereby preventing relapse of pedophilic episodes.

Acting Out↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Male fertility of kidney transplant patients with one to ten years of evolution using a conventional immunosuppressive regimen.

The reproductive functions and hormone serum levels of 55 male kidney transplant recipients were assessed. Patients underwent peritoneal dialysis before transplantation and were given immunosuppressive therapy afterward for 1 to 10 years. Spermatobioscopies were performed, and serum urea, creatinine, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), and testosterone (T) levels were determined. Average serum urea and creatinine levels were 54.6+/-1.4 and 3+/-1.3 mg/dL, respectively. The average serum hormone levels were 3.2+/-2 mIU/mL (LH), 6.3+/-1.7 mIU/mL (FSH), 11.7+/-1.5 ng/mL (PRL), and 23+/-1.4 pg/mL (T). Libido reduction was reported in 88% of patients within 8 months following transplantation. Normozoospermia was seen in 47.3% of the patients, asthenozoospermia in 18.2% oligozoospermia in 14.5%, while oligoteratozoospermia, asthenoteratozoospermia, oligoasthenozoospermia, oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, and azoospermia were seen in the rest. Twenty-six patients procreated one or more children after transplantation; 36.6% of those children were premature but nonetheless healthy. No association existed between the post-transplant period and urea or creatinine levels. Significant differences were found when LH levels and sperm motility were assessed. Also, statistically significant differences were found when duration of dialysis, FSH levels, sperm counts, morphology, and motility between posttransplant fertile and infertile patients were correlated. In conclusion, there was an adequate recovery of sexual and reproductive functions in most patients subjected to kidney transplantation and conventional immunosuppressants.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Nutritional state of women and children in the rural community of Mpal (District of Saint Louis, Senegal)].

This cross sectional survey carried in april 1995 aimed to assess the nutritional status of the women old enough to procreate++ and the children less than 5 years old in the community of Mpal (District of St Louis). The method of sampling used was the method of stratified poll. The assessment of the nutritional status is carried among the women by measuring the brachial circumference and the corporal mass index. Among the children, the indicators used were the ratios: weight-age, weight-height and the brachial circumference. The results showed a rate of malnutrition very high in comparison to the national averages as well in ythe women old enough to procreate (31% versus 17.4%) as in the children (11% of acute malnutrition versus 8.7% and 24.4% of chronic malnutrition versus 21.7%). The young mothers and the children more than 3 years old were the more frequently reached. It urges to set up in this locality a programme of struggling against malnutrition based on the integration of the economics activities of the communitary groups to their health activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Technical and biological evolution of medically assisted procreation (MAP)].

Compared to IUI (to which one knows that an ovulation induction must not be associated and where 6 cycles must not be exceeded), in vitro fertilization has undergone an important evolution. It has now become ambulatory. Its evolution has been marked by the use of LH-RH agonists, the vaginal route for the echographic puncture and freezing of the embryos. The two progresses expected are: in the short term, the mastering of the retrograde catheterization of the tube, to enable the embryo replacement in sterilities of healthy tubes and, in middle term, a better assessment of the quality of the conceptus to carry out a selective embryo transfer and to reduce the rate of multiple pregnancies.

Clomiphene↗
PubMed2005

Reproductive decision-making among HIV-positive couples in Taiwan.

PURPOSE: To explore the gender-based power relationships and social and cultural influences on reproductive decision-making processes among HIV-positive couples in Taiwan. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 14 HIV-positive couples in southern Taiwan. Data were analyzed using feminist ethnography to explore reproductive decisions made by these couples within the context of Taiwanese society. FINDINGS: Self-knowledge of HIV status had a limited influence on decisions about childbearing. More important was the Confucian values of filial piety and familial obligation, a powerful norm that still dictates procreation decisions in Taiwan. The process by which the couples made reproductive decisions consisted of four stages: initial reproductive decisions between partners, their search for information, their encounters with medical systems, and their weighing risks and benefits. Male and female partners expressed different concerns, and gender-based power relationships were exercised during the decision-making process. CONCLUSIONS: HIV status was not the sole determinant of reproductive decisions made by HIV-positive couples. Rather, the Confucian value of filial piety drove the couples' reproductive decisions.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Family planning in St Vincent, West Indies: a population history perspective.

St Vincent's population history, first as a slave society, then, after Emancipation, as a migration-oriented society, has strongly influenced cultural attitudes towards sexuality and fertility. In contemporary St Vincent, sexual activity and procreative ability are highly valued and linked to social status for both men and women. This paper assesses historical and contemporary factors influencing population dynamics in St Vincent, West Indies, and Vincentians' reactions to programs developed to curb population growth. The efforts of private and government programs to introduce family planning and change pronatalist attitudes are evaluated for their cultural appropriateness. Shifting migration patterns and modernization are also affecting gender roles, the social and economic value of children, and the acceptability of contraception to contribute to recent fertility declines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Constructing families and kinship through donor insemination.

This paper presents some central findings of an exploratory qualitative study of New Zealand families with children conceived by donor insemination (DI). Drawing on social anthropological and sociological theorising about kinship and contemporary Western families, the paper explores the ways in which parents and their kin actively construct parent-child relationships and kin connections through the notions of biological and social ties, nature and nurture. The paper discusses three major themes emerging from the data: the social construction of the 'natural facts' of procreation, physical resemblance, and the construction of families through choice, not biology. Whilst the primacy of biological or genetic connection is a powerful cultural theme, particularly evident in the ambiguities and uncertainties for social fathers and their kin, these families also deconstruct this notion. Drawing simultaneously on the power of social and biological connection, using biology as a metaphor for social relations, or by privileging social ties and the formation of families through choice, over time these families strategically establish themselves as the sole parents and kin of their children conceived by DI.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1993

"Choice" as a double-edged sword: information, guilt and mother-blaming in a high-tech age.

Women in the United States experience pregnancy in the context of more medical interventions than ever before. Procreative technologies can enhance both the range of choices for women and the possibility of greater social control of women's choices. Sometimes procreative technologies are a matter of routine, not choice. New developments in genomic research and prenatal diagnosis may lead to the routinization of further medical interventions in pregnancy. Women increasingly may lose the freedom to choose not to use prenatal tests or the information they provide. This article is drawn from a study of women's experiences of pregnancy. The women's stories and two examples of recent news reports demonstrate some of the pressures women face as they attempt to make choices about pregnancy and motherhood. The examples indicate that women face subtle and overt pressures on their "choices."

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1991

[Psychogenic sterility].

A question underlies this statement: is one justified in offering medically-assisted methods of procreation to couples with low fertility attributable to no identifiable cause? This question is based on the clinical experience of a psychoanalyst who has been working in the medical field of sterility for the past 15 years. Furthermore, this statement invites physicians to reflect on the possibilities open to them to take a request for a child in a way other than its face value. What then is one to make of the symptom of infertility with no cause as a response of the body to a problem which is not consciously identified by the subject affected.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1997

Gamete donation from couple to couple in the new French law.

In practice, the partners or spouses of gamete donors are frequently asked permission for the donation. The new French law on bioethics of 29 July 1994 requires that: a) the donor should be one of a couple that has already procreated and b) the written consent of the partner or spouse is obtained. These conditions lead not only to several practical problems in the organisation of donor insemination but also reject a large part of the potential donor population. The two basic qualities demanded of the donors, e.g., paternity and stable relationship, are analyzed. It is proposed that only fatherhood should serve as an exclusionary criterion for sperm donation. The donor need not be a part of a couple at the moment of the donation but if he has a partner at that time her opinion should be heard.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed2005

[Cystic fibrosis and pregnancy: report of a twin pregnancy and review of the literature].

We report here the first published case of twin pregnancy in a woman with cystic fibrosis. This situation will become more and more common because the increased life expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis and the development of medically assisted procreation. Conception of this twin pregnancy was medically assisted in a cystic fibrosis woman with moderate pulmonary disease. This observation is in accordance with several recent reports dealing with single pregnancies: morbidity, mortality and degradation of lung function have not been found to increase. The only effect of cystic fibrosis on pregnancy is an increased risk of preterm delivery. There is thus no systematic contraindication to pregnancy among women with cystic fibrosis provided that they are given attentive care by a multidisciplinary team. Genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis also have an important role to play.

Adult↗