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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Disposable gloves for use in medicine, quality requirements--quality control].

The general fear of catching HIV infection during surgery, medical examination, patient care or emergency care has prompted a discussion and some research regarding the quality of throwaway gloves. Technical regulations regarding the demands to be made on most gloves made of latex that are packed individually and sterilised, is already in force, but this does not apply to other types of gloves used in medical care and offered in bulk packing; such gloves are usually made of vinyl, sometimes also of latex, and are not sterilised before sale. In the Federal Republic of Germany, however, official legislation is entirely lacking for both types of throwaway gloves. Among the test methods published so far, it seems that examination for liquid-proof density also ensures that no microorganisms bigger than 0.5 micron can penetrate. The article reports on relevant comparative studies.

Disposable Equipment↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A pilot study of polymerization inhibition of poly (vinyl siloxane) materials by latex gloves.

Intraoral inhibition of two poly (vinyl siloxane) low-viscosity impression materials was experienced when making an impression of prepared anterior teeth. It was hypothesized that the noted inhibition was a result of contamination with latex gloves. A screening test demonstrated inhibition of polymerization of three different materials when placed in contact with a surface that had been touched with one brand of latex gloves. This inhibition also occurred even if the gloves were washed prior to contact or if the surface was washed after contact with the gloves. Further studies are underway to determine which brands of gloves are safe to use.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interaction of gloves and rubber dam with a poly(vinyl siloxane) impression material: a screening test.

Polymerization inhibition of poly(vinyl siloxane) impression materials has been reported with the use of latex gloves. This study evaluated the effect on polymerization of a poly(vinyl siloxane) impression material in both direct and indirect contact with 25 brands of latex gloves, two brands of vinyl gloves, and two weights of rubber dam. Use of all but one of the latex products (96%) resulted in inhibition of polymerization with direct contact. Forty percent of the latex gloves tested inhibited polymerization with indirect contact. The vinyl gloves tested had no effect on polymerization. The implications of inhibited polymerization were discussed.

Dental Impression Materials↗
PubMed1989

Vinyl versus latex gloves as barriers to transmission of viruses in the health care setting.

One type of vinyl and seven types of latex gloves without visual defects were tested with respect to their barrier function against high concentrations of three viruses of varying size: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1, 180 nm), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1, 100 nm), and echovirus type 9 (Echo 9, 25 nm). Viral suspensions of HSV-1 (10(8) TCD50/ml), HIV-1 (10(5) TCD50/ml), and echovirus type 9 (10(7.5)TCD 50/ml) were placed in an inverted glove finger immersed in media and maintained for 3 h at room temperature with sampling performed from outside the glove at 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h. No cytopathic effect (CPE) was identified after inoculation onto Vero cells or RhMK cells for HSV-1 and Echo 9, respectively, and reverse transcriptase activity was not detected in Hut 78 cells after inoculation of HIV-1 during any of the time intervals. Stretching of a glove finger for 18 h with repetition of the procedure with Echo 9 revealed no CPE. We conclude that under these experimental conditions, intact gloves act as effective barriers to the transmission of viral particles, including HIV in the health care setting.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental production of arachnoiditis with glove powder contamination during myelography.

Adhesive spinal arachnoiditis is a rare condition of several causes, including complications of myelography. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of surgical glove powder contamination in the cerebrospinal fluid. The subarachnoid space of 45 rabbits was injected with either a suspension of powder from sterile surgical gloves, Pantopaque (iophendylate), or a combination of the two agents. Mild to severe arachnoiditis was produced in 10 of 17 animals injected with the combination of powder and Pantopaque. Only two of 16 rabbits injected with glove powder and one of nine with Pantopaque had more than minimal changes of arachnoiditis. Three rabbits (two injected with glove powder alone and one with both agents) died of meningitis within 1 week of injection. The combination of glove powder and Pantopaque is synergistic in producing arachnoiditis. These results emphasize the importance of meticulous technique in myelography.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Starch granulomas caused by glove powder].

Simultaneously with the introduction of new surgical gloves with heavily powdered outside surfaces, complications repeatedly occurred after laparotomies. Four patients were compelled to undergo a second operation, during which peritoneal fibrous adhesions and foreign body granulomas of omentum were found. After resection of the omentum, healing proceeded without disturbance. Five different types of surgical rubber gloves were examined by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the effect was evaluated of different commonly applied preoperative rinsing procedures for gloved hands. The amount of powder found on the outside of regularly used gloves varied between 0.059 and 0.287 g. The effect on the proper healing process by starch powder deposits found on the outside of surgical gloves as well as upon optimal cleansing of the surgical teams' hands will be discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reduction of antigenic protein levels in latex gloves after gamma irradiation.

Gamma irradiation is currently the method most commonly used to sterilize surgical gloves. In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation on antigenic proteins in latex gloves was examined. Protein extraction and quantitation were carried out using latex gloves before and after sterilization. Antigenic protein levels were determined by an ELISA assay specific for latex proteins (LEAP). LEAP analysis revealed a significant decrease after gamma-irradiation sterilization. This observation may partially explain the lower levels of extractable antigenic proteins found in sterile surgical gloves compared with nonsterile examination gloves. However, gamma irradiation was less effective than autoclave sterilization in reducing protein levels.

Antigens↗
PubMed1994

[Inspection of surgical rubber gloves used during dental procedures].

The resistance and durability of operating rubber gloves (PALMA) during different types of dental treatment were investigated. Six percent of the rubber gloves were found to be defective. One pair of gloves could be used 2.15 times on average. The vulnerability of the gloves increased after repeated sterilizations. The results suggest that the use of disposable gloves should be preferred in the daily dental practice.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Trends in glove use by dentists in England and Wales: 1989-1992.

The routine wearing of gloves during the dental treatment of patients forms an integral part of the recommended guidelines of many authorities worldwide. Compliance has been variable but there is evidence to show that this is increasing, as are other cross-infection control measures. A survey of glove use by general dental practitioners in England and Wales was carried out in 1989. This paper reports a follow up study in 1991/2 which aimed to identify any differences that had occurred in the interim. The results indicated that there was increasing compliance with recommended cross-infection control measures, although only one fifth of respondents were found to change gloves between patients. Of those practitioners who did not change gloves between patients, half considered that blood contact was not a reason for changing gloves. Comparisons are made with compliance rates in other countries and recommendations made for further education within the dental profession on the subject of cross-infection control.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

Multiple glove powder granulomas masquerading as peritoneal carcinomatosis.

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of glove powder granulomas in peritoneal nodules presumed to represent carcinomatosis has not gained widespread attention and remains a challenging clinical problem even for the experienced surgeon. STUDY DESIGN: During the past four years, we have registered ten cases of multiple glove powder granulomas, believed by the surgeon to represent tumor dissemination, but diagnosed by the pathologist as glove powder granules with the typical Maltese cross pattern when viewed under polarized light. RESULTS: Patients were referred with the presumptive diagnosis of intra-abdominal malignant disease and all had undergone at least one previous laparotomy during the past few years at a hospital that used powdered gloves. The unsuspected perioperative finding of multiple peritoneal nodules was presumed to represent carcinomatosis and resulted in the surgeon erroneously cancelling the operation in one case. In six other cases, the results of perioperative frozen sections caused the surgeon to change strategy and perform the planned procedure. Three patients had starch powder peritonitis postoperatively and one of them had a fatal pulmonary embolus. In two patients, the starch powder reaction was associated with the occurrence of true carcinomatosis and one patient later had recurrence of hepatic metastases. After a mean follow-up period of 17 months, six patients are alive with no signs of disseminated malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this information, we recommend routine pathologic documentation of all peritoneal nodules appearing to be tumor dissemination. If the results influence the surgical procedure, frozen sections should always be performed. To minimize the risk of powder-induced complications, the use of particle-free gloves is strongly recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Serologic methods in the laboratory diagnosis of latex rubber allergy: study of nonammoniated, ammoniated latex, and glove (end-product) extracts as allergen reagent sources.

In the absence of approved natural rubber latex skin testing reagents, serologic methods for the detection of latex-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody are useful in the definitive diagnosis of latex allergy. In this study we examined extracts from two nonammoniated latex (NAL), two ammoniated latex (AL), and three diverse latex rubber gloves as sources of allergen for their utility in solid phase radioimmunoassays (SPRIAs) for latex-specific IgE. Serum samples were collected from 46 healthcare workers (HCWs), one beautician, two clerks, and seven children with spina bifida who exhibited clinical evidence of latex-associated contact dermatitis (CD, n = 8), contact urticaria (CU) with or without CD (n = 15), or systemic reactions involving respiratory symptoms with or without anaphylaxis (n = 33) and from 10 latex-exposed HCW control subjects with no latex allergy symptoms. Serum samples were coded and analyzed in a blinded manner in two laboratories by three particulate and four nonparticulate SPRIAs with different latex extracts on the allergosorbent. Intraassay coefficient of variation as assessed with 44 split, randomized, blinded serum specimens was < 20%. Agreement within a source of latex (e.g., NAL, AL, or gloves) and between laboratories was > 90% concordant for Glove 1/Glove 2 and NAL1/2. Specific IgE antilatex was detected in one of 10 latex-exposed control serum samples by five of the seven SPRIAs, despite a lack of clinical evidence for latex allergy in this otherwise atopic individual. Latex-specific IgE was detected in the serum of 22% of subjects with CU with or without CD, suggesting that IgE antibody may not be the primary factor involved in the induction of these local reactions. Approximately two thirds of the systemic reactor group had detectable latex-specific IgE in their serum, with levels ranging from 0.7 to 338 ng/ml. The predictive characteristics of these assays will await future provocation testing. We conclude that glove extracts contain as complete a repertoire of allergens as the NAL and AL. Of the three source latex materials, NAL and glove extracts provided the most sensitive and greatest consistency of IgE antibody results between laboratories.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Reduction in incidence of glove perforation during laparotomy wound closure by 'no touch' technique.

Intact surgical gloves provide an efficient barrier against the HIV and Hepatitis B viruses but glove perforations are common, particularly during mass closure of laparotomy wounds. Attempts to develop gloves immune to perforation have failed. A series of 100 consecutive laparotomy wounds were randomised to mass closure by either the 'hand in' technique currently favoured by many surgeons, or a 'no touch' technique manipulating the wound edges with instruments only. The two groups were similar with regard to grade of surgeon and assistant, proportion of routine and emergency cases, and proportion of clean or dirty cases. The wound lengths in each group were similar, and the time taken to close the abdominal wall was similar in both groups. Although a similar number of perforated gloves occurred in each group while the operative procedure was being performed ('hand in', 9 of 50 vs 'no touch', 12 of 50; P = 0.62); a significantly reduced number of glove perforations occurred in the 'no touch' group during wound closure ('hand in', 16 of 50 vs 'no touch', 3 of 50, P = 0.0017). No touch closure of the abdominal wall may provide protection to surgeons against blood-borne viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B.

Gloves, Surgical↗
PubMed1995

Hypoallergenic gloves.

Hypoallergenic gloves have been introduced in response to the growing problems of occupationally acquired hand dermatitis. Such labelling can, however, be misleading and some gloves contain measurable allergen levels. Hypoallergenic gloves containing natural rubber latex will not address the problem of individuals suffering from latex allergy and their inappropriate use may provoke a potentially life threatening reaction. Regulatory authorities must ensure that manufacturers provide adequate labelling for gloves, with the appropriate warning about their allergen content. Dental health care workers must become more knowledgeable about gloves and staff should be given appropriate advice about the risks of latex sensitisation.

Allergens↗
PubMed1996

[Perforations and porosity of surgical gloves. Frequency, mechanism, risk].

Surgical gloves constitute part of the most exposed barrier material, as one half of accidental exposures to blood in the exposures to blood in the operating room involve the hands. Approximately 15% of gloves tested at the end of the operation were found to be perforated. Double gloving lowers this rate to 5% with apparently acceptable tolerance for surgeons. Although surgical glove are initially impermeable to various viruses, the porosity increases with the duration of use. This porosity is related to hydratation and deformation of latex fibres. The maintenance of a good barrier function of surgical gloves requires regular changing, at least hourly, in the current state of knowledge.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perforation of dental gloves during prosthodontic treatments as assessed by the conductivity and water inflation tests.

The incidence of latex glove perforation during prosthodontic treatment was investigated on 122 occasions using two methods, a conductivity test and a water inflation test. Latex glove perforation was detected in 38.5% of the treatments by the conductivity test and in 27.9% by the water inflation test. The perforation went unrecognized in 74.7% of the occurrences (35/47 incidents) using the conductivity test and in 64.7% (22/34) when the water inflation test was used. Of the total 55 glove perforations, 21 perforations were detected only by conductivity test, 3 were detected only by the water inflation test, and 31 perforations were detected by both methods, which suggested that the conductivity test is more sensitive than the water inflation test for the detection of glove perforation. The results of this research suggested that even when latex gloves are worn, the risk to prosthodontists of exposure to body fluids remains in four of every six treatments, often without the awareness of the prosthodontist.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1996

Glove contamination of etched porcelain surfaces and bond strength to enamel.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether contamination of etched porcelain surfaces by operating gloves of different types alters the shear bond strength of the porcelain to a resin-composite luting material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty porcelain specimens of 7 mm diameter and 2 mm thick were manufactured in feldspathic porcelain. After randomly dividing the specimens into five groups of 10 specimens, the porcelain surface of each specimen was etched with hydrofluoric acid. Samples of glove material, taken from the outer surface of gloves typically used in clinical dentistry, were held against the etched porcelain surface for 10 seconds. Four different glove types were used, Group 1: Biogel D; Group 2: Featherlite; Group 3: Microtouch; and Group 4: Tru-Touch; Group 5: Control/not treated with glove material. A resin composite-based luting material of standard shade was placed against the treated porcelain surface in a PTFE mold of 2 mm diameter and 2 mm depth, and light-cured from a direction of 90 degrees to the porcelain surface for 60 seconds. Each specimen was tested in shear, the results noted and subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean shear bond strengths (MPa) for Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 22, 21, 16 and 23 and for the control group, 26. Statistical analysis of the results indicated that there was no significant difference between the groups.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1996

The value and limitations of protective gloves in medical health service: Part III.

The value of protective gloves in the health care environment is well known. However, these gloves are not perfect. Some are permeable to microorganisms and various chemicals, and/or result in side effects for health care professionals. Gloves that offer the greatest protection and least side effects are highly desirable. Limitations of glove use due to side effects, and glove selection and therapeutic alternatives are described in Part III of this three-part series.

Dermatitis, Occupational↗
PubMed1994

Initial treatment of closed metacarpal fractures. A controlled comparison of compression glove and splintage.

A prospective clinical trial compared two forms of initial management for closed stable fractures of the shaft of the finger metacarpals. Patients were randomized to treatment with a compression glove and early mobilization (21 patients) or to immobilization in a plaster splint (21 patients). The mean loss of total active flexion (MP+PIP+DIP) in the second week after injury was 56 degrees in the glove group and 84 degrees in the splint group (P = 0.0036). In the third week, the mean loss of flexion was 23 degrees and 46 degrees respectively (P = 0.0010). Hand volume and PIP joint circumference were significantly smaller in the glove group in the second week but not in the third and fourth weeks. Within each group, however, there was no correlation between range of motion and swelling, suggesting that these were independent variables in this study. The support of the glove helped to relieve pain. Use of a compression glove avoided the loss of function imposed by splintage and was associated with a greater range of movement during the second and third weeks.

Adolescent↗