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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Lack of effect of hepatic enzyme induction on metabolic control in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes.

A placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study was carried out in 11 non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetic patients to find out the effects of a hepatic enzyme inducer (phenobarbital, 100 mg/day for 2 months) on the metabolic control, plasma C-peptide, insulin, serum, and lipoprotein lipid levels. Phenobarbital induced a significant increase in hepatic antipyrine metabolizing activity, but no significant changes were found in fasting or postload blood glucose, plasma C-peptide, or insulin levels during the study. There was a significant increase in serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as in serum total and very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides, during phenobarbital treatment as compared with placebo.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Liver regeneration and hepatic microsomal enzyme induction by acetaminophen and derivatives.

Liver regeneration was stimulated in male rats with two-thirds of the liver removed by feeding a basal diet supplemented with acetaminophen (0.35-1.5%; weight basis), 2-acetamidophenol (1.0%) and acetophenetidin (1.0%) over a period of 10 days po, but was in the control range with the m-isomer, 3-acetamidophenol (1.0%), N-butyryl-p-aminophenol (1.0%), o-, m- and p-aminophenols (0.50%) and 4-acetamidothiophenol. In fact, the latter inhibited at a level of 0.60%. The operated young or mature female underwent no significant increase in control response with acetaminophen (1-1.5%). However, as with the male, the wet and dry liver weight percentages were markedly increased in the intact female fed acetaminophen (1.0-1.5%) as also with 2-acetamidophenol (1.0%). Liver enlargement occurred in the intact male with acetophenetidin (1.0%) but not with the N-butyryl- and thiophenol derivatives fed at 1.0 and 0.50%, respectively. Hepatic microsomal preparations from the intact and operated series showed no remarkable changes in cytochrome P-450 nor in the enzymes, aminopyrine demethylase and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase, with the more polar acetaminophen and the N-butyryl compound but the enzymes were elevated in the group fed acetophenetidin. Inductive effects on microsomal enzymes were further amplified by injection of several animals per group with phenobarbital ip daily at 80 mg/kg for the last 3 days prior to sacrifice. Increases in increments or liver weight percentages ensued over the basal values and as investigated in an intact male series, the enzymes ranged higher than the uninjected controls and with the thiophenol-fed group, exceeded those of the phenobarbital-injected controls.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1990

Enzyme induction in recovering dauer larvae of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in response to increasing concentrations of food source in the recovery medium.

Exposure of recovering dauer larvae of Caenorhabditis elegans to increasing concentrations of Escherichia coli in the recovery medium produced dramatic increases in the enzymes of intermediary metabolism. There was no significant difference between the rates of development of recovering dauer larvae grown on different concentrations of E. coli. When the activity of several key enzymes was assayed after 12, 22 and 32 hours of recovery in 0.5% w/v E. coli it was found that the activities recorded never reached levels observed at 12 hours for larvae grown on the optimum concentration of E. coli. These results imply that enzymes of intermediary metabolism in the nematode C. elegans are capable of being induced in response to changes in nutrient intake, as previously described for mammals and microorganisms.

Animals↗