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[Toxic effect of phosphamide after simultaneous entrance into the body through the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory organs].

The experiment involved an investigation into the action of O,O-dimethyl-S-(N-methyl-carbomoilmethyl)-dithiophosphate (phosphamide), used at the level of the liminal dose (4 mg/kg) and in a concentration of 1.9 mg/m3, as compared with the effect of 1/2 of the liminal dose and 1/2 of the thereshold concentration. Both were simultaneously introduced into the organism of test albino rats for a period of 4 months and their complex action showed an intensification of the toxic effect. In evidence was also a more marked anticholinesterase action, a higher level of the insecticide in biological substrates and greater changes of hematological indices.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the enhancement by cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) of artificial lung metastasis after labeled cell inoculation.

In a mouse model the retention of125I-5-iodo-2' -deoxyuridine-labeled tumor cells in the lung after iv injection was compared with the formation of tumor colonies in the lung 15 days after injection. The modification in lung retention after treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP), isophosphamide, Corynebacterium parvum, and heparin paralleled the changes in lung-colony numbers by these treatments. Since the modifications could be identified as early as 1 hour after iv administration of tumor cells, further evidence was obtained for the conclusion reached earlier that the modification of lung metastases by CP and Corynebacterium parvum is not due to immunologic mechanisms. Comparison with the lung retention of heat-killed tumor cells and living embryonic cells showed that CP induced an increased retention of all three cell types. In contrast, Corynebacterium parvum decreased the retention of living tumor cells, but failed to modify the retention of dead tumor cells, but did not affect the retention of living embryonic cells. Since no similar cell types were affected by the various treatments it seems likely that different mechanisms are involved. Apparently CP decreases the nonspecific resistance against the lodging and growth of any type of cell in the lung.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Tolerance of various geographic populations of brown planthopper to adverse environmental stresses].

The populations of brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, were collected from Zhejiang, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces to study their tolerance to various adverse environmental stresses. The results indicated that all of these three populations could adapt to the rice variety IR26 bearing resistant gene 1 (Bph1), and Guangxi and Yunnan populations could successfully infest rice varieties ASD7 bearing bph2 and Rathu Heenati bearing Bph3, implying that these two populations had a higher adaptability to resistant rice varieties. The significantly negative relationship between female brachypterous rate and nymphal density in Zhejiang population showed a lower tolerance to high nymphal density of Zhejiang population than that of Guangxi and Yunnan populations. A higher resistance to high temperature and a lower tolerance to starvation were obviously found in Guangxi and Yunnan populations. The resistance to insecticide (Omethoate) of Zhejiang population was little higher than that of Guangxi population. It was suggested that the tolerance of different geographic populations of BPH to various adverse environmental stresses be closely related to their habitat characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[The effects of high dose atropine on function of isolated diaphragmatic preparation of rats with omethoate poisoning].

OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to examine the influence of high dose atropine on respiratory muscle of rat isolated phrenic diaphragm. METHODS: Rats were divided into 2 groups: (1) a toxic group administered with 2LD(50) omethoate, SC. (2) a contrast group with 0.9% NS, SC. The function of isolated rat phrenic diaphragm was observed by MS-302 analysis instrument physiologically and pharmacologically. RESULTS: In both groups the function of isolated rat phrenic diaphragm was significantly reduced with atropine dose increasing gradually to 0.6 mg (P < 0.01). When the atropine dose amounted to 0.8 mg. The function of isolated rat phrenic diaphragm almost disappeared in the picture. When the atropine in the diaphragm was weed out, the function of isolated rat phrenic diaphragm recovered completely in 50 minutes. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the cause of respiratory muscle paralysis may be related to high dose of atropine.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Experimental treatment of respiratory failure caused by omethoate poisoning in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the therapeutic effect of combined use of pralidoxime-Cl and atropine with artificial ventilation on respiratory muscle paralysis caused by omethoate poisoning in rats. METHODS: Rats were administered with same doses of 2LD(50) omethoate and then treated with atropine (10 mg/kg) to resist effectively chlolinergic symptoms. When the rats had slow respiratory frequency and breathed with difficulty, the trachea was intubated and artificial ventilation was carried out (except for group A). The rats in group B were continuously treated with atropine. The doses of pralidoxime-Cl for group C, D and E were 15 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg respectively, given at the same time as artificial ventilation and 1, 2 and 3 hours later. The dose of atropine was reduced to 1/3 to 2/3 of the first dose so as to maintain the rats atropinized. If the rat survived beyond 60 minutes after withdrawal of artificial ventilation, the combined treatment was considered successful. The function of isolated phrenic diaphragm of the rats was observed with MS-302 analyses instrument physiologically and pharmacologically. RESULTS: None of the rats in group B successfully withdraw from artificial ventilation. The rats in group C all successfully withdraw from artificial ventilation in 3 hours and the function of the isolated phrenic muscle remained good. The survival rats in group D and E were very low after withdrawal, even though the function of isolated phrenic muscle was good. CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic effect of the combined use of suitable dose of pralidoxime-Cl and atropine with artificial ventilation on respiratory muscle paralysis caused by omethoate poisoning in rats was significant. This measure can facilitate reversal of the function of poisoned diaphragm and reduced the death rate in poisoned rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Study on the degradation of residual insecticides on and in the vegetables and washing off method].

The degradation of residual insecticide in the vegetables is according to the first order of chemical dynamitic reaction. The half-life of insecticide on/in the vegetable can be calculated through a series sampling and analysis the residual amount to obtain a regression equation or by a simplified equation. Although the total amount of residual insecticide degraded according to the first order of chemical dynamitic reaction, the lost of the partial insecticide which absorbed in the leaves seems likely according to a more complicated exponent curve which has been described. The adsorbed residual insecticide (on the leaves) was easy washed away. The non-ionic detergent is more effect than water. But the absorbed insecticide (in the plant tissue) is hard to wash out.

Dimethoate↗