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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

ABO-incompatible bone marrow transplantation: prevention of hemolysis by alkaline hydration with mannitol diuresis in conjunction with red cell reduced buffy coat bone marrow.

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in the presence of major ABO incompatibility presents the risk of a potentially fatal hemolytic transfusion reaction at the time of marrow infusion. We describe the use of a forced alkaline hydration/mannitol diuresis regimen in combination with red blood cell (RBC) reduced bone marrow given as buffy coat in 5 patients undergoing allogeneic BMT from ABO incompatible donors. Three patients had ABO antibody titers of 1:32 and were not subjected to antibody removal procedures. Two patients with respective antibody titers of 1:512 and 1:128 underwent plasmapheresis to reduce the antibody titers to below 1:64. The forced diuresis/mannitol regimen was well tolerated. Although the RBC content was still high in the buffy coat preparation a significant hemolytic transfusion reaction was successfully prevented. No patient had back pain, hyperbilirubinemia or renal impairment despite clinical and laboratory evidence of hemoglobinuria. These data indicate that patients with antibody titers below 1:64 might be spared the risks and cost associated with plasmapheresis or complete RBC depletion of the bone marrow transplant.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2005

[Effect of bioactive water Naftussya with different microflora content on choleresis, enteroabsorbition and diuresis in rats].

Drinking of original mineral water "Naftussya" from Truskavets spa by the healthy adult rats during 3 weeks led to increase the urinary, biliary, cholates and cholesterol extraction by 54%, 72%, 69% and 83%, respectively with no influence on the enteric water absorption. The integral activity index was 2.55 +/- 0.21. Ultrafiltration of mineral water in order to eliminate microflora did not affect significantly tested properties (2.29 +/- 0.21) while ultra-violet irradiation of water increased the integral activity index to 2.67 +/- 0.47 due to enhancement of water absorption on 48% in the small intestine and increase of diuresis on 88% as well as biliary, cholesterol and cholates extraction on 74%.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of the time of theophylline administration on the intensity of diuresis and natriuresis in the rat].

The present study originates in two experimental data: circadian variations evidence of water, electrolytes and solutes urinary excretion and theophylline diuretic and salidiuretic effects knowledge; we purpose to evidence theophylline-induced water and sodium renal excretion in rats as modified by the time of drug administration. Theophylline single dose is injected in 100 animals (20 lots of 5 rats) at 8 h, 14 h, 20 h or 2 h and urines are collected during a consecutive to injection hours long period: 8 h-14 h (I), 14 h-20 h (II), 20 h-2 h (III) or 2 h-8 h (IV). Diuresis increases in + 40,4 p. cent (I), in + 123,7 p. cent (II), in + 123,3 p. cent (III) in + 65,4 p. cent (IV). So, natriuresis increases in 39,6 p. cent (I), in 223,2 p. cent (II), in 114,3 p cent (III) and in 109,6 p. cent (IV). These results evidence that theophylline diuretic and natriuretic effects change strongly with injection time, being largest if it is injected at 14 h and slightest if injected at 8 h. Such observations prompt to study if the other pharmacological properties of theophylline, especially at pulmonary level, response also with a time-dependant intensity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of flavonoid fractions of Solidago virgaurea L on diuresis and levels of electrolytes].

The flavonoid fractions of Solidago virgaurea L.S. gigantea Ait., S. canadensis var. canadensis and S. canadensis var. "scabra" flowers were administrated p.o. to rats and showed diuretic activity. Increase in overnight diuresis reached 57-88%. Decrease of overnight excretion of potassium and sodium also occurred after administration of form examined fractions. The flavonoids from S. virgaurea and S. canadensis var. canadensis caused increased excretion of calcium with urine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effects of the acute administration of atrial natriuretic peptide on the mechanisms regulating diuresis and natriuresis in the essential hypertension patient].

The authors investigated the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP 99-126) in essential hypertension by evaluating some hemodynamic and renal effects of acute peptide infusion (1 micrograms/kg for 1 min + 50 ng/kg for the following 20 min) in fourteen subjects: eight mild to moderate, untreated, essential hypertensives (EH) and six normotensive (N) controls, during 2 hour-clearance periods, the 1st after ANP infusion, the 2nd during placebo (PL) administration. The double-blind study was carried out after the patients had rested and fasted overnight. It showed no significant changes in heart rate (HR); instead, compared with placebo, mean blood pressure (MBP) decreased significantly in both groups, beginning from the 3rd min after ANP infusion was begun (N: PL = 87.04 +/- 1.7 mmHg, ANP = 80.9 +/- 3.7 mmHg, p less than 0.0001; EH: PL = 102.6 +/- 3.2 mmHg, ANP = 97.7 +/- 5.9 mmHg, p less than 0.01). Among the urinary parameters we considered, cyclic GMP (cGMP) increased after ANP infusion in all subjects (N: PL = 129.1 +/- 56.3 pmol/mL, ANP = 199.2 +/- 85.4 pmol/mL; EH: PL = 106.55 +/- 56.2 pmol/mL, ANP = 220.03 +/- 92.7 pmol/mL, p less than 0.05); diuresis showed a prompt and significant increase in EH (N: PL = 837 +/- 368 mL, ANP = 1066 +/- 340 mL; EH: PL = 713 +/- 286 mL, ANP = 1043 +/- 280 mL, p less than 0.005), and so did natriuresis (N: PL = 23 +/- 14.3 mEq/L, ANP = 33 +/- 14.6 mEq/L; EH: PL = 25.6 +/- 8.9 mEq/L, ANP = 41.9 +/- 13.8 mEq/L, p less than 0.01); urinary potassium excretion was significantly reduced in EH (N: PL = 18.7 +/- 12.9 mEq/L, ANP = 14.2 +/- 6.9 mEq/L; EH: PL = 16.5 +/- 7.9 mEq/L, ANP = 10.7 +/- 4.8 mEq/L, p less than 0.005), while no changes were noted in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), estimated as creatinine clearance, urinary magnesium, albumin and aldosterone excretion. To investigate other potential mechanisms involved in renal effects of ANP, the urinary excretion of both prostaglandins 6-cheto PGF1-alpha and thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and dopamine were studied. The results showed only a significant decrease of dopamine urinary excretion in EH after ANP administration (N: PL = 50.4 +/- 28.7 micrograms/L, ANP = 45.0 +/- 29.7 micrograms/L; EH: PL = 47.3 +/- 21.5 micrograms/L, ANP = 27.1 +/- 12.7 micrograms/mL, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of hypophysin and desoxycorticosterone-21-acetate on renal function in calves in the neonatal period. I. Diuresis volume, glomerular filtration rate and urinary excretion of endogenous creatinine].

Experiments concerning the influence of hypophysin (0.1 vol. unit/kg) and desoxycorticosterone-21-acetate (0.1 mg/kg) on the size of diuresis, urine condensation and the glomerular filtration process have been carried out on 12 bulls at the age of 2-5 weeks of life. It has been stated that already 2-week old kidneys are able to condensate urine, and kidney water saving under the influence of hypophysin is the result of glomerular filtration decrease and tubular resorption increase. Water and electrolytes stopping under the desoxycorticosterone-21-acetate influence was caused by lowered glomal leaking and intensified process of adsorption in tubules. The lack of higher acidification of urine after acetate injection suggests that kidneys at neonatal period show low activity "re serve" within acid-alkaline balance regulation. It has been pointed out that because of intensive tubular secretion the clearance of endogenous creatinine cannot be the measure of glomerular filtration size.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Bilateral acute heart atrial auriectomy reduced diuresis and natriuresis following hypertonic sodium load in anaesthetized dogs.

Anaesthetized dogs were deprived of a portion of the atrial natriuretic factor producing tissue by bilateral acute heart atrial auriectomy. Their ability to respond by diuresis and natriuresis either to the expansion of extracellular fluid volume with isotonic saline (3% b.w.) or to hyperosmolality induced by hypertonic saline loading (0.13% b.w. of 20% NaCl solution) was subsequently reduced by about 50%. It is thus suggested that atrial natriuretic system may also play a role in osmoregulation by taking part in the promotion of renal sodium excretion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Urography and the isotopic renogram under diuresis enhance the diagnosis and the indication for therapy in congenital hydronephrosis].

Analysis of a group of 276 patients with congenital hydronephrosis by dysfunction of pyeloureteral function shows that in the most cases the diagnosis has to be established by corroborating the data given by urography, echography, and isotopic renogram. In the cases of controversial hydronephrosis diagnostic, urography and renogram under diuresis induction are very important in practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phase I study of high-dose cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) with forced diuresis.

Twenty-six patients including 11 with metastatic melanoma received cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) at a dose of either 1 mg/kg or 60 mg/m2 given with intensive diuresis over a 6-hour period. This dose was administered twice weekly for the first three to eight courses and then at q3wk intervals. Eighteen patients received the dose schedule of 1 mg/kg and six patients received 60 mg/m2. A complete response was seen in one of four testicular tumors lasting for 6 months; partial responses were seen in three of 11 metastatic melanomas for 1, 1, and 2 months respectively, one of two osteogenic sarcomas for 4 months, one of one multiple myeloma for 2 months, and one of four testicular tumors for 1 month. A transient drop in creatinine clearance to 50%-75% of the baseline level was observed in 21% of the patients. Cytotoxic effects of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) are probably enhanced by this dose schedule as indicated by the consistent, moderate hematologic toxicity. Renal toxicity is ameliorated.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of taktivin on diuresis and tubular cardiotrast secretion in the kidney].

The effect of a new immunomodulator taktivin (7-20 micrograms/kg subcutaneously, for 6 days) on the diuresis and tubular transport of cardiotrast (diodrast) was studied on rats. taktivin was shown to increase the tubular transport of the xenobiotic without significant changes in glomerular filtration and renal excretion of water, sodium, potassium, uric acid and creatinine. Possible mechanism of taktivin's action on the tubular transport of xenobiotics is discussed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

Suppression by nor-binaltorphimine of kappa opioid-mediated diuresis in rats.

The effects of nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) and beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) were studied on the diuretic activities in rats of several kappa opioid agonists including ethylketazocine, tifluadom, bremazocine and U50,488H. Nor-BNI suppressed the diuretic activity of all kappa agonists, whereas beta-FNA failed to alter the diuresis. On the other hand, beta-FNA treatment completely blocked the morphine-induced antidiuresis, whereas nor-BNI had no effect. The present data add further evidence that nor-BNI is a highly selective antagonist of kappa opioid agonists.

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗
PubMed1986

Different diuresis-dependent excretions of urinary enzymes: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase.

We studied how much of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) and of the brush-border enzymes alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) was excreted in urine over 8 h after a high intake of fluid (22 mL per kilogram of body weight). The hourly excretion of all four enzymes increased with the increasing urine flow rate. The excretion rate of the brush-border enzymes was more markedly influenced than that of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. By relating the enzyme excretion to urinary creatinine we could reduce the variability of brush-border enzyme output and could completely compensate for the effect of diuresis on the excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1989

Diagnostic potential of diuresis renography: limitations by the severity of hydronephrosis and by impairment of renal function.

Eighty ureterorenal units (65 patients) with upper urinary tract dilatation underwent pressure perfusion studies and diuresis renographies separated by short intervals. Pressure perfusion studies were evaluated as suggested by Whitaker, while wash-out curves of diuretic renographies were analysed quantitatively by calculating peak elimination rates. Upper urinary tract volume was estimated from i.v. urographies and measured directly in 21 cases. Renal function was assessed from base-line renograms and plasma creatinine levels. In patients with minor upper urinary tract dilatation (less than 30 ml) the two procedures agreed in 88% of cases, in those with massive dilatation (greater than 70 ml) agreement was limited to 58%. Diuretic renal scans were more often obstructed than pressure perfusion studies in the latter situation. The effect of severely reduced renal function was less prominent than that of massive dilatation. This was confirmed by the exaggerated response to frusemide reflected by urinary flow measurements in patients with a creatinine clearance of 10 ml min-1 or less. Of the eight patients with severely reduced renal function, who did not show full agreement between the procedures, six had massive dilatation of the upper urinary tract.

Dilatation, Pathologic↗
PubMed1986

Effect of rat atriopeptin III on renal function in dogs during water diuresis and hydropenia.

Experiments have been performed in conscious male beagle dogs under maximal water diuresis or hydropenia to determine the effects of synthetic rat atriopeptin III [r-AP III = r-ANF- (103-126)] (Geller et al. 1984), in an intravenous dose of 50 micrograms/kg body weight, on renal function and plasma renin activity. Intravenous injection of r-AP III resulted in an increase in urine and sodium excretion lasting up to 20 minutes, while the glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were hardly influenced under either of the experimental conditions. r-AP III induced an increase in free water clearance from 7.51 +/- 2.45 ml/min in controls to 12.15 +/- 2.25 ml/min in the first clearance period, whereas the free water reabsorption was only slightly reduced (5.56 +/- 1.22 vs. 5.02 +/- 1.23 ml/min). r-AP III caused a slight increase in plasma renin activity from 0.65 +/- 0.46 in controls to 1.02 +/- 0.47 ng X ml-1 X h-1 in water diuretic dogs and from 3.19 +/- 0.51 in controls to 3.72 +/- 0.81 ng X ml-1 X h-1 in hydropenic dogs. These experiments show that the r-AP III-induced salidiuretic response seems not to be mediated by changes in the glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. Moreover, the increase in free water clearance and the absence of change in free water reabsorption indicate a proximal site of action of r-AP III.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Kappa agonist-induced diuresis: evidence for stereoselectivity, strain differences, independence of hydration variables and a result of decreased plasma vasopressin levels.

Marked diuresis has previously been reported after administration of kappa opioid agonists. The present study shows that this effect is stereospecific; MR-2034 markedly increased urinary output over the dose range 0.08 to 1.25 mg/kg, whereas the opposite isomer, MR-2035, was markedly less potent. Bremazocine increased urinary output in Long-Evans hooded and Sprague-Dawley albino rats as well as lean and fatty Zucker rats. In the lean Zucker and the albino rats, bremazocine produced an inverted U-shaped diuretic dose-effect curve, an effect characteristic of kappa agonists with mu agonist activity. This pattern was not seen with the fatty Zucker rats or the Long-Evans hooded rats. The full kappa agonists bremazocine, ethylketazocine and U-50,488 increased urinary output under three different conditions of hydration: water loaded, normal hydration and water deprived. In contrast, the partial kappa agonists reliably only increase urinary output under the normal hydration condition. The diuretic effects of full and partial kappa agonists correlated with plasma vasopressin levels in water-deprived rats. The full kappa agonists (ethylketazocine, U-50,488, tifluadom and MR-2034) suppressed plasma vasopressin levels below the threshold of detectability of the radioimmunoassay, whereas the partial kappa agonists (nalorphine and butorphanol) suppressed vasopressin levels compared with control values but did not have the efficacy of the full kappa agonists. All these results support the hypothesis that kappa agonists produce their diuretic effect by suppression of plasma vasopressin levels.

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗
PubMed1988

Enhancement of digoxin clearance by mannitol diuresis: in vivo studies and their clinical implications.

Because of its narrow margin of safety, digoxin toxicity may occur even during routinely prescribed doses. Due to its very large distribution volume (10 L/kg), only less than 1% of the body load is available for removal, making hemodialysis and hemoperfusion ineffective. Until recently it was assumed that most of the body load of digoxin is eliminated by glomerular filtration. It is now evident that substantial tubular reabsorption and secretion take place. As for the other drugs which are reabsorbed by the tubule (eg Aspirin), we wished to assess whether urine flow rate affect digoxin renal clearance. We studied anesthetized, ventilated dogs. They were preloaded with 25 micrograms/kg IV digoxin the day prior to the experiment. The dogs were infused initially with saline and after a urine collection for digoxin renal clearance 200 ml 10% mannitol were infused over 30 minutes. Digoxin renal clearance was increased 2-3 folds in all cases with a small increase in inulin clearance. Based on these results, the ability of mannitol diuresis to remove significant systemic amounts of digoxin should be tested in acute toxicity in animals. This may be an adjunct modality to FAB antibodies and activated charcoal.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Role of renal prostaglandins in bile-induced diuresis in the dog.

To clarify the possible role of renal prostaglandins (PGs) in the phenomenon of bile-induced diuresis in the dog, we studied the effect of in situ unilateral infusion of bile on kidney function and PGs excretion, before and after PG-synthetase inhibitor administration in anesthetized dogs. The contralateral intact kidney served as control. In the first group of 6 dogs, infusion of bile diluted 1:20 resulted in a significant increase in urinary flow (117%; p less than 0.05), sodium (61%; p less than 0.01), potassium (26%; p less than 0.05), PGE2 (240%; p less than 0.05) and PGF2 alpha (137%; p less than 0.05) excretion rates. Further significant increases in urinary flow, sodium and PGE2 excretion rates were noted with infusion of bile diluted 1:10. All parameters returned to basal levels upon cessation of bile infusion. Significant linear correlation coefficients (p less than 0.005) were found between PGE2 excretion rates and urinary flow (r = 0.72), sodium (r = 0.91) and potassium (r = 0.88) excretion rates. In a second group of 6 dogs, intravenous administration of PG-synthetase inhibitor abolished the increase in renal PGs excretion and the increments in the rates of urinary flow and solute excretion in response to bile infusion. These findings support the notion that the acute diuretic and natriuretic effect of bile, and presumably that of cholemia is mediated, in part, through stimulation of renal PGs synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

An experimental approach to explain some misinterpretations of diuresis renography.

Since its introduction in 1978, gamma camera diuresis renography has proved a useful technique in the differential diagnosis of the dilated renal pelvis. Comparative analyses with perfusion pressure flow studies have revealed discrepancies in a number of cases. These may have been caused in part by incorrect interpretation of the renograms. A renal pelvis model has been developed that permits renograms to be obtained for different renal pelvis volumes, different flow rates and different degrees of obstruction. The results show that a curve approaching an exponential function after increased flow rules out an obstruction. A slight flattening of the curve, however, is indicative of obstruction. Failure to take note of these finer distinctions can lead to misinterpretations.

Diuresis↗