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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[1: Clinical aspects, laboratory diagnosis and therapy. Low backache--when is sacroiliitis the cause?].

Despite the availability of modern imaging modalities, early diagnosis of sacroiliitis remains a challenge. The patient's history and the results of the clinical examination form the basis for establishing a working diagnosis, which then needs to be confirmed by laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging. Common causes of sacroiliitis are inflammatory diseases of the spine, in particular seronegative spondyloarthropathies; infectious sacroiliitis is much less common. Besides serological testing (HLA-B27), imaging techniques are essential for diagnosing early forms of sacroiliitis. The treatment of the condition initially involves the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In patients with infectious sacroiliitis, antibiotics are the treatment of choice. Local application of steroids, or physiotherapy, can be helpful. The value of disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs) (sulfasalazine, methotrexate) has not been verified, and is questionable. New approaches such as anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF alpha) need to be tested in controlled studies.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1991

Laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis.

The procedure used to diagnose amebiasis varies depending on the geographic location of the laboratory. However, in general, the microscopic diagnosis and differentiation of E. histolytica from other intestinal amebae is most satisfactorily achieved when the specimen is preserved immediately and both a concentration and stained smear are examined. The number of additional positive findings achieved by the cultivation of fecal material does not justify the time and cost involved. On the other hand, serology is a useful adjunct to diagnosis, especially in patients with extraintestinal amebiasis. The commercial development of antigen detection kits and DNA probes may provide more rapid, accurate, and less costly diagnostic procedures for the future. New guidelines need to be formulated regarding the number of specimens to be submitted, and the cost effectiveness of various diagnostic procedures should be evaluated.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Hypertension: strategies for laboratory diagnosis.

Although surgically correctable causes account for relatively few cases of hypertension, laboratory investigation is warranted if clinical clues are present. Pheochromocytoma, which triggers hypertension by producing excess catecholamines, can be identified by detecting metabolites of these substances in urine. An abnormal intravenous pyelogram suggests renovascular hypertension, but for definitive diagnosis, bilateral renal vein renin measurements are necessary. In primary aldosteronism, with its characteristic hypokalemia, serum potassium determination remains the most feasible, if not the most accurate, detection method.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Laboratory diagnosis of human hepatitis viruses.

Conventional serologic methods of antigen or antibody detection are now widely applied for diagnosis of hepatitis viruses A, B, C, and D. Nucleic acid quantitation has become very useful for monitoring response to antiviral therapy in cases of hepatitis B and C. Special confirmatory testing of HCV serologies can be quite specific, but overall serologies for HCV lack sensitivity for early diagnosis. Thus HCV RNA detection may ultimately be the preferred method for HCV diagnosis and for screening blood donors. Unfortunately, HEV diagnosis may rest on the efforts of research laboratories for electron microscopy, Western blot, or nucleic acid detection.

Hepatitis A↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases in facilities within the United States. Results of a national survey.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis of many sexually transmitted diseases (STD) requires laboratory testing. The authors assessed the effects of the introduction of new tests and regulations on STD testing. STUDY DESIGN: A questionnaire survey was mailed to a random sample of facilities listed in the STD Referral Database inquiring about tests offered, changes in testing, and reasons for changes. RESULTS: Responses from 405 facilities were analyzed. Most responding facilities collected specimens for nontreponemal tests for syphilis (352 of 405 [86.9%]). Since each facility's information was last updated, the number reporting testing for Chlamydia trachomatis rose from 160 of 405 (39.5%) to 288 of 405 (71.1%), but testing for gonorrhea and chancroid decreased (365 of 405 [90.1%] to 328 of 405 [81%], and 182 of 405 [44.9%] to 32 of 405 [7.9%], respectively). Of 364 responses to a question on changes in tests performed in the last 2 years, 249 (68.4%) reported no change, 81 (22.3%) reported an increase, and 37 (10.2%) reported a decrease. The most frequently added tests were nonculture tests for C. trachomatis (34 of 81 [42%]) and the most frequent reason for adding tests was targeted funding (25 of 81 [30.9%]). The most frequently discontinued tests were cultures and gram stains for gonorrhea (15 of 37 [40.5%]) and other in-house tests (9 of 37 [24.3%]). Most facilities that discontinued testing cited the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act as the reason (34 of 37 [91.9%]; 95% confidence interval = 78.1%, 98.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The number of facilities testing for C. trachomatis has increased with funding and with the availability of nonculture tests, but the number of those testing for chancroid and gonorrhea has decreased. Implementation of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act may be associated with a decrease in the number of facilities performing tests for STD.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed2001

[Laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis using polymerase chain reaction].

Polymorphism of clinical manifestations in Toxoplasma infection and variegated disease patterns virtually rule out the diagnosis based solely on clinical symptoms, which makes modern laboratory tests particularly important. Amplification test system based on the polymerase chain reaction has been developed for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma infection. Computer analysis of nucleotide sequence of Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen gene P30 was analyzed, which helped choose and synthesize specific oligonucleotide primers. A method for biological material processing was selected, allowing sufficient DNA output. Optimal conditions for amplification reaction, ensuring absolute specificity and high (10-100 cells/sample) sensitivity, were determined.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Novelty of laboratory diagnosis for diphtheria].

Selected elements of simplified, bacteriological diagnosis of diphtheria were presented. The procedure of Corynebacterium strains isolation from diphtheria suspected persons and performing of toxin testing of potentially toxigenic isolates: C. diphtheriae, C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis were shortened. The role of selective tellurite media was underlined but Loeffler medium was rejected. Columbia blood agar plate was utilized for preliminary culture. Biochemical tests and toxin testing were performed from this medium. Presented diphtheria diagnosis scheme may have practical application for the laboratory work in Poland.

Corynebacterium↗
PubMed2005

Anemia of chronic disease: pathophysiology and laboratory diagnosis.

Classic iron deficiency (ID) does not represent a challenge for the laboratory and physicians. The anemia that accompanies infection, inflammation, and cancer, commonly termed anemia of chronic disease (ACD), features apparently normal or increased iron stores. However, 20% of these patients have iron-restricted erythropoiesis (functional ID), an imbalance between the iron requirements of the erythroid marrow and the actual iron supply. Functional ID leads to a reduction in red cell hemoglobiniza-tion, causing hypochromic microcytic anemia. The diagnosis of functional ID in real time is based on measuring the hemoglobin content of reticulocytes. An examination of the biochemical markers of iron metabolism demonstrates weaknesses in the diagnosis of functional ID. We developed a diagnostic plot for the assessment of iron status in ACD and the detection of advancing ID in patients with ID, ACD, and the combined state of functional ID and ACD. The plot indicates the correlation between a marker of the iron supply for erythropoiesis (ie, the ratio of the soluble transferrin receptor value to the logarithm of the ferritin value) and the reticulocyte hemoglobin content and functions as a marker of iron demand. The diagnostic plot shows good selectivity for assessing the iron status of disease-specific anemias such as classic ID, end-stage renal failure, cancer-related anemia, and the anemia of infection and inflammation. The therapeutic implications of the diagnostic plot are to differentiate patients who should be administered oral iron supplements, recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO), or a combination of r-HuEPO and iron. The response of erythropoiesis to r-HuEPO depends on the iron supply and the proliferation of erythropoiesis. The lack of an increase or a decrease in reticulocyte hemoglobin levels indicates a nonresponder to r-HuEPO or functional ID.

Anemia↗
PubMed1994

Laboratory diagnosis of von Willebrand's disease.

The diagnosis of von Willebrand's disease is becoming complex as more is understood about the disease. Clinical information and laboratory data are necessary for the diagnosis because of the overlap of normal and abnormal laboratory values. A complete evaluation including von Willebrand factor multimers, ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation, factor VIII activity level, and a template bleeding time is necessary to correctly classify the patient so that optimal treatment may be given.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed2004

Laboratory diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections.

The past 20 years have witnessed dramatic improvements in laboratory methods for diagnosing bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) infections. However, improvements in diagnostic technology have not necessarily led to improved diagnosis of BVDV at the individual animal or herd level. This article reviews BVDV laboratory diagnostic methods in the context of their rational application for improved detection of BVDV in the field.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of a single-step serological assay for laboratory diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.

A rapid, single-step, in-laboratory qualitative test for the detection of IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori in serum (TestPack Plus; Abbott Laboratories, Germany) was evaluated. This test may be used as an alternative to enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). Of 153 adult patients, 110 were defined as Helicobacter pylori positive and 43 as Helicobacter pylori negative by the gold standard, a combination of three tests. The performance characteristics of the TestPack Plus, i.e. sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, were not significantly different from the corresponding values obtained with an EIA used for comparative purposes, the Pyloriset EIA-G test (Orion Diagnostica, Finland). The high positive predictive value (93%) of the TestPack Plus single-step serological test makes it a valuable tool for rapid in-laboratory screening purposes, especially in countries with a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Adolescent↗