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PubMedDate not supplied

[The dental pulp reaction to microbial action in different methods of treating the carious cavity].

Under study were the effects of bacterial stimulation of prepared dentin on dental pulp. Traditional method of drug treatment of prepared cavity with alcohol and either was compared with methods reducing dentin permeability making use of calcium hydroxide, potassium nitrate, and calcium oxalate. Inflammatory reaction of the pulp was more pronounced after traditional treatment. Reduction of dentin permeability with agents blocking dentin tubes reduced the severity of inflammatory reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Adrenergic regulation of capsaicin-sensitive neurons in dental pulp.

Alpha adrenergic agonists (e.g. vasoconstrictors) represent one of the most commonly used drug classes in dentistry. Although adrenergic agonists have potent vascular effects, recent studies suggest that capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors may express adrenoceptors, suggesting that these drugs may directly modulate the function of an important class of pain-signaling neurons in peripheral tissues. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that adrenergic agonists inhibit activation of peripheral terminals of capsaicin-sensitive fibers innervating dental pulp. Pretreatment with epinephrine or clonidine significantly inhibited capsaicin-evoked release of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide from superfused bovine dental pulp. These studies suggest that adrenergic agonists may reduce postoperative pain in part via a direct inhibition of capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors. This finding may lead to the development of selective, peripherally acting, adrenergic analgesics. Moreover, because neuropeptide release alters blood flow, it is possible that the vascular effects of these drugs are caused by both vasoconstriction and inhibition of peripheral neuropeptide release.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1983

Effect of IRM on human dental pulp.

IRM has been shown to be superior to conventional ZnOE cements. This study is a biotechnical investigation of IRM's effect on the dental pulp with respect to its sealing capacity. Enamel-dentin test bodies with IRM fillings were used in the in vitro part, where insufficiencies in sealing were detected with compressed air. The in vivo part included 44 buccal cavities in intact premolars. In teeth in which the material effect of IRM was tested, the IRM fillings were sealed off from the saliva by acid etch and composite resin. The observation intervals were 1, 7 and 28 days. Histologic changes such as capillary dilatations and presence of inflammatory cells in the pulp adjacent to the dentinal tubules involved in the cavity preparation were registered. The in vitro test showed no leakage in five cases out of six. After extreme temperature cycling, the leakage was comparable with that of zinc-containing amalgam of traditional alloy. The pulpal changes were mild and mainly ascribed to the material effect of IRM, since no evidence was found of leakage of biologic importance.

Dental Bonding↗
PubMed1989

[Temperature-dependent changes in the microcirculation of the dental pulp].

Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to study the changes in the blood flow within the dental pulp as a reaction to thermal stimuli between 17 degrees C and 57 degree C. Temperatures below 31 degrees C resulted in a reduction, temperatures above 43 degrees C in an increase in blood flow. Temperatures higher than 49 degrees C caused irreversible damage to the pulp's microcirculation. Experimental nerve blocks showed that the reactive increase is linked to the afferent rather than the sympathetic innervation of the tooth pulp.

Dental Pulp↗
PubMed1979

Microvascular pressure in the dental pulp and gingiva in cats.

Pressure in selected microvessels was measured directly on the exposed coronal or apical pulp in one of the upper canine teeth or on the gingiva in a total of 36 cats. The vessels were punctured with glass micropipettes, diameter 1-4 micrometer, and the pressure measured with a modified Wiederhielm servocontrolled counter-pressure technique. Pressures in corresponding vessels in coronal and apical pulp were similar. The pressure in pulpal arterioles, diameter 10-70 micrometer averaged 43 mm Hg, or 36% of mean systemic arterial pressure (PA), while pressure in the pulpal venules, diameter 10-80 micrometer, was on an average 19 mm Hg or 16% of PA. Capillary pressure measured in the coronal pulp averaged 35 mm Hg. Mean arterial systemic pressure was 124 mm Hg. The total vascular pressure drop within the pulp was only 20% of the total systemic arteriovenous pressure difference. Accordingly, only one fifth of the vascular resistance governing pulpal blood flow is situated within the pulp itself. This means that blood flow in the dental pulp in cats may be influenced by mechanisms located extrapulpally. In gingiva only venular pressure was measured, which averaged 19 mm Hg.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

An immunohistochemical study of osteoprotegerin in the human dental pulp.

This study investigated the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in healthy and inflamed dental pulps. Histological sections 7 microm thick of 47 teeth, either caries-free or affected by gross caries, were used. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and other sections of the same specimen were subjected to the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex immunohistochemical procedure for detection of OPG. The study focused on the coronal pulp that was divided into peripheral and central regions. In the peripheral pulp healthy and inflamed specimens showed high OPG immunoreactivity of the odontoblastic layer. When no inflammation was present in the central pulp OPG immunoreactivity was light. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells showed immunoreactivity ranging from none to intense. When inflammation was present in the central pulp the chronic inflammatory cells showed intense immunoreactivity.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1998

Changes in the cytoskeleton of cells within the periodontal ligament and dental pulp of the rat first molar tooth during ageing.

The periodontal ligament and dental pulp connective tissues are foetal-like, and their process of ageing may therefore differ from other tissues of mesenchymal origin. Several studies have already highlighted the lack of age changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), but more needs to be known about cellular changes. For this study, tissues from the first molar teeth of Wistar rats aged 12 wk and 104 wk were compared by immunolocalisation of cytoskeletal components. Tissues from the first molar were immunostained, employing a panel of 16 monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins, vimentin, F-actin and tubulin. Within the pulp, labelling for vimentin in both odontoblasts and pulpal fibroblasts and F-actin in the cell processes of odontoblasts was detected at both ages but with marked reduction in labelling in the older tissue. Within the periodontal ligament, vimentin labelling was weaker in the aged tissue, especially nearer the cementum. More significantly, the fibroblasts of the aged periodontal ligament expressed cytokeratin 19. In contrast to reports of little age change to the ECM, the cells of the pulp, and particularly the periodontal ligament, show marked changes to their cytoskeletal components.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

[The change of immunocompetent cells in normal human dental pulp during development of immature permanent teeth].

OBJECTIVE: To study changes of several immunocompetent cells (ICCs), namely, pulpal dendritic cells (PDCs), T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and endothelial cells, in normal human dental pulp according to different development stage of completely erupted but not fully developed premolar in order to provide evidence for local immune defense mechanisms during development of immature permanent teeth. METHODS: Based on the dental development status, the pulp tissue was classified into the following groups: big trumped-shaped group, small trumped-shaped group and closed group. The above mentioned cells were immunohistochemically examined by use of HLA-DR, CD45RO, CD20 mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies. Double-staining was also done by use of the former two antibodies. The number of positively stained cells or blood vessels was counted and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: 1. Normal dental tissue of three groups all expressed HLA-DR+ PDCs. Among three groups, the number of HLA-DR+ cells in big trumped-shaped group was more than that of small trumped-shaped group and closed group. 2. There was no significant difference of positive blood vessel rate of HLA-DR expressing endothelial cells among three groups. 3. There was no significant difference of CD45RO+ T cells among three groups. 4. By use of double-labeling immunohistochemistry, HLA-DR+ PDCs and CD45RO+ T cells were found to be rarely in contact with each other. Correlation analysis between two kinds of cells did not indicate the linear relationship. CONCLUSIONS: The number of PDCs tends to decrease with increasing age in the developing dental pulp of human normal tooth, other ICCs are not related with dental development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Ultrastructural changes in feline dental pulp with periodontal disease.

A light and transmission electron microscopic study was conducted on dental pulp on cats suffering periodontal disease. After extraction, pulp tissues were fixed and embedded in Epon-Araldite. Thick layers of predentin (50 microm) and odontoblasts (30 microm) were observed. In thin sections, odontoblasts showed many mitochondria and secretary vesicles. Some capillaries with several fenestrations were located within the odontoblastic layer. All the sections of pulp examined displayed a generalized infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells. Fibroblasts displayed lytic changes in some areas. These findings imply that the pulp is significantly affected by periodontal disease and furcation-involved teeth should be a carefully considered factor when dental treatment is planned.

Animals↗