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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Alveolar segmental "sandwich" osteotomies for posterior edentulous mandibular sites for dental implants.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate crestal stability of alveolar augmentation using an interpositional bone graft for dental implant restorations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight patients with 10 graft sites were followed from 1 to 4 years with panographic evaluation to determine if dimension changes of the alveolar graft sites had occurred. RESULTS: Ten graft sites showed stability and maintenance of alveolar form and osseointegration of restored dental implants. Very little loss of crestal height was observed; 20 of 22 implants placed remained stable at follow-up. CONCLUSION: The interpositional alveolar bone graft appears to be a viable alternative to block grafting or guided bone regeneration.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2002

Stability of dental implants in microvascular osseous transplants.

Microvascular iliac crest and scapula transplants have been used in reconstruction of the lower jaw following tumor surgery. It has only been with the insertion of dental implants that a satisfactory prosthetic rehabilitation of the patient has been achieved. For this study, a follow-up of 38 patients with lower jaw tumors was carried out. The patients had been treated with partial resection of the lower jaw and neck dissection with microvascular iliac crest transplants (n = 20) or microvascular scapula transplants (n = 18); this was followed with dental implants (n = 143) in the region of the transplants or the local lower jaw. One hundred thirty-nine of the 143 dental implants were loaded by prosthetic superstructures. In all patients, the implant situation was evaluated on average 2 years 5 months after implantation. Periotest values, periimplant probing depths, and contact bleeding were registered, and the extent of periimplant bone loss was defined radiographically. The clinical situation in the region of the implant was compared for both types of implants and also with the nonresected lower jaw. The average Periotest values were within the normal range for all groups. In one scapula implant, however, a better average of Periotesting, -3.3, was found compared with implants of the iliac crest with Periotest values of -0.7. A measurement of -2.1 was found for the local lower jaw, similar to that of scapula implants. Pathologic probing depths were found for all three compared groups. The radiographically determined vertical loss of bone was the same for all three groups, on average 1 mm at 27 months postoperatively. The highest incidence of sulcus bleeding was found in the scapula implant group. Thus, it can be stated that the scapula transplants provide a similar transplant site to local lower jaw bone, whereas implants in iliac crest transplants show lesser bony stability. Periimplant soft-tissue conditions are worse for both types of transplants compared with local tissue of the lower jaw.

Dental Implantation↗
PubMed2006

Mode superposition transient dynamic analysis for dental implants with stress-absorbing elements: a finite element analysis.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamic behavior of a dental implant with a stress-absorbing element, using dynamic analysis. Two model types, stress-absorbing model with a resilient stress absorber made of polyoxymethylene and non-stress-absorbing model with rigid titanium, were employed. In both model types, the implant was 4.0 mm in diameter and 13.0 mm in length and placed in the mandibular first molar region. Shapes of the finite element implant and implant-bone were modeled using computer-aided design. All calculations for the dynamic analysis were performed using the finite element method. It was found that the stress-absorbing model had a lower natural frequency than the non-stress-absorbing model. In addition, the stress-absorbing model had a higher damping effect than the non-stress-absorbing model. It was concluded that mode superposition transient dynamic analysis is a useful technique for determining dynamic behavior around dental implants.

Dental Implants↗
PubMed1993

Guided bone regeneration at a fenestrated dental implant: histologic assessment of a case report.

Guided tissue regeneration has been shown to establish new attachment in periodontal defects and to facilitate hard tissue repair around dental implants. This case report describes a patient treated with guided tissue regeneration adjacent to an endosseous dental implant. Histologic analysis showed the regenerated tissue to be mature, cortical bone possessing a high level of mineralization.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2006

[X-ray data evaluation in planning operations of dental implantation in patients with different types of adentia].

The objective drawbacks of most common methods of patient examination and treatment planning that determine certain percentage of unavoidable complications are outlined. In order to increase treatment efficacy with dental implants, updated examination methods and algorithm of their application were developed providing clear indications to bone-plastic operations and dental implantation, low number of complications and improved treatment results.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Examination of human bone surrounded by a dense hydroxyapatite dental implant after long-term use.

A high-density hydroxyapatite (D-HAP) ceramic dental implant that had functioned for more than 5 years was studied, using light and electron transmission microscopy, after it was retrieved from a human mandible. The D-HAP implant had come in contact with thick bone trabeculae; in the nontrabecular area, a thick bone addition was formed on the implant. The lamellar arrangement of the added bone was basically parallel to the implant's surface and continuously connected with the lamellar surface layer of the trabeculae at the added bone-trabeculae connection. Also, bone remodeling around the implant had occurred, especially in the area contacting the thickened trabeculae, wherein remodeling units were formed parallel to the implant surface. Moreover, positive results of chemical bonding existed and were recognized between the D-HAP and the bone. No structural changes were observed in the D-HAP ceramics. From this study, the characteristics of biological affinity, functional adaptability, and material stability suggested that D-HAP is a suitable material for dental implants.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The nonsubmerged osseointegrated dental implant.

Implant patients are seeking means of restoring their health and appearance with minimal side effects. Dental implant surgery must react to these demands by continuing to develop minimally invasive implant surgery techniques, imaging that customizes surgical procedures, and materials and drugs that reduce surgical costs and complications, shorten recovery, and increase the longevity of components, enabling patients to live active lifestyles. Nonsubmerged osseointegrated implants fit nicely into the future of dental surgery.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2003

[110th volume of Dutch Journal of Dentistry 4. Application of dental implants during the last five decades: from subperiosteal to transosteal and endosseous implants].

An overview is presented on the development of the treatment with oral implants in the maxillofacial skeleton during the last five decades. This overview has been divided into three periods: subperiosteal frame implants, transmandibular implants and endosseous implants. The latter period is also marked by significant developments in reconstructive preprosthetic surgery of hard and soft tissues to enable reliable implant placement.

Dental Implantation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of radiographic bone height and probing attachment level measurements adjacent to porous-coated dental implants in humans.

The changes in crestal bone height observed in standardized radiographs of porous-coated dental implants after 3 to 4 years of function in the support of mandibular overdentures is reported for a group of 48 completely edentulous patients. Possible correlations between bone height and each of probing attachment level, Plaque Index, and Sulcular Bleeding Index were investigated. Mean bone loss values were determined to be 0.43 mm in year 1, decreasing to 0.17 mm and 0.13 mm in years 2 and 3, respectively. During year 4, there was an apparent mean gain of 0.05 mm. While the mean mucosal tissue thickness (1.3 mm) was similar to that reported by other investigators, it was not possible to show a correlation between bone height and probing attachment level. Likewise, correlations between bone height and Plaque Index or between bone height and Sulcular Bleeding Index could not be demonstrated.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immediate loading of 2 interforaminal dental implants supporting an overdenture: clinical and radiographic results after 24 months.

PURPOSE: In this study, preliminary results of immediate loading of ITI sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) implants with a bar-connected overdenture in the edentulous mandible are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten edentulous patients between 48 and 74 years old were included in this study. All patients received 2 SLA-surfaced ITI solid-screw dental implants in the interforaminal region, which were loaded with a bar connector and an overdenture 1 day after implant placement. Marginal bone resorption was evaluated using periapical radiographs. Gingival health (ie, Bleeding Index) and patient satisfaction (measured using a visual analog scale) were evaluated. Follow-up time was 24 to 36 months (mean time 29.8 months) after implant loading. RESULTS: Twenty-four months after placement, none of the 20 implants had failed. Marginal bone resorption around all implants after 12 months averaged 0.71 mm, and 92% of the sites had a Bleeding Index of 0. Between 12 and 24 months, average bone resorption was an additional 0.08 mm. All patients demonstrated an improved quality of life. DISCUSSION: The amount of bone resorption was comparable to amounts reported in studies with standard loading times. The low rate of inflammation of the peri-implant soft tissue and the high level of patient satisfaction in this study demonstrate encouraging short-term results. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that immediate loading of 2 dental implants can be successful and further support the use of a rough implant surface in residual bone.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Significance of primary stability for osseointegration of dental implants.

AIM: To investigate the significance of the initial stability of dental implants for the establishment of osseointegration in an experimental capsule model for bone augmentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen male rats were used in the study. In each rat, muscle-periosteal flaps were elevated on the lateral aspect of the mandibular ramus on both sides, resulting in exposure of the bone surface. Small perforations were then produced in the ramus. A rigid, hemispherical Teflon capsule with a diameter of 6 mm and a height of 4 mm and with a hole in its middle portion, prepared to fit the circumference of an ITI HC titanium implant of 2.8 mm in diameter, was fixed to the ramus using 4 mini-screws. On one side of the jaw, the implant was placed through the hole in such a way that its apex did not make contact with the mandibular ramus (test). This placement of the implant did not ensure primary stability. On the other side of the jaw, a similar implant was placed through the hole of the capsule in such a way that contact was made between the implant and the surface of the ramus (control). This provided primary stability of the implant. After placement of the implants, the soft tissues were repositioned over the capsules and sutured. After 1, 3, 6 and 9 months, four animals were sacrificed and subjected to histometric analysis. RESULTS: The mean height of direct bone-to-implant contact of implants with primary stability was 38.8%, 52.9%, 64.6% and 81.3% of the implant length at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months, respectively. Of the bone adjacent to the implant surface, 28.1%, 28.9%, 52.6% and 69.6%, respectively, consisted of mineralized bone. At the test implants, no bone-to-implant contact was observed at any observation time or in any of these non-stabilized specimens. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study indicate that primary implant stability is a prerequisite for successful osseointegration, and that implant instability results in fibrous encapsulation, thus confirming previously made clinical observations.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Mechanics of the tapered interference fit in dental implants.

In evaluation of the long-term success of a dental implant, the reliability and the stability of the implant-abutment interface plays a great role. Tapered interference fits provide a reliable connection method between the abutment and the implant. In this work, the mechanics of the tapered interference fits were analyzed using a closed-form formula and the finite element (FE) method. An analytical solution, which is used to predict the contact pressure in a straight interference, was modified to predict the contact pressure in the tapered implant-abutment interface. Elastic-plastic FE analysis was used to simulate the implant and abutment material behavior. The validity and the applicability of the analytical solution were investigated by comparisons with the FE model for a range of problem parameters. It was shown that the analytical solution could be used to determine the pull-out force and loosening-torque with 5-10% error. Detailed analysis of the stress distribution due to tapered interference fit, in a commercially available, abutment-implant system was carried out. This analysis shows that plastic deformation in the implant limits the increase in the pull-out force that would have been otherwise predicted by higher interference values.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2006

Clinical management and microscopic characterisation of fatigue-induced failure of a dental implant. Case report.

BACKGROUND: Osseointegrated endosseous implants are widely used for the rehabilitation of completely and partially edentulous patients, being the final prosthodontic treatment more predictable and the failures extremely infrequent. A case of fracture of an endosseous dental implant, replacing the maxillary first molar, occurring in a middle-age woman, 5 years after placement is reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The difficult management of this rare complication of implant dentistry together with the following rehabilitation is described. Additionally, the authors performed an accurate analysis of the removed fractured implant both by the stereomicroscope and by the confocal laser scanning microscope. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The fractured implant showed the typical signs of a fatigue-induced fracture in the coronal portion of the implant together with numerous micro-fractures in the apical one. Three dimensional imaging performed by confocal laser scanning microscope led easily to a diagnosis of "fatigue fracture" of the implant. The biomechanical mechanism of implant fractures when overstress of the implant components due to bending overload is discussed. CONCLUSION: When a fatigue-induced fracture of an dental implant occurs in presence of bending overload, the whole implant suffers a deformation that is confirmed by the alterations (micro-fractures) of the implant observable also in the osseointegrated portion that is easily appraisable by the use of stereomicroscope and confocal laser scanning microscope without preparation of the sample.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed2004

Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on the osseointegration of dental implants: a biomechanics study.

BACKGROUND: Bone augmentation procedures in combination with dental implants enhance osseointegration in areas that demonstrate localized bone deficit. Clinical confirmation of a biomechanically stable interface is essential for functional implant loading. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate biomechanically the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2 on implant osseointegration and correlate it with periotest and radiographic measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hollow cylinder implants were filled with absorbable collagen sponge soaked with rhBMP-2 or left empty and implanted in dog mandibles. The animals were followed for 4, 8, and 12 weeks, periotest assessment was performed at the end of each time interval, and specimens were collected for pullout biomechanical testing and radiographic evaluation of bone-implant contact levels. RESULTS: Periotest assessment did not provide evidence of statistically significant differences between the two groups and correlated well with the radiographic bone-implant contact levels. The pullout test revealed a higher correlation between force/displacement and displacement/energy for the experimental group, suggesting that the addition of rhBMP-2 did influence the rate of osseointegration. CONCLUSION: The results from the pullout test support the potential role of rhBMP-2 in clinical applications by promoting a biomechanically mature interface at 12 weeks. However, radiographic and periotest assessment of the bone-implant interface did not provide evidence of the differences observed with biomechanical testing.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Patient rehabilitation after mandibular reconstruction by revascularized rib autogenous graft with the use of dental implantation].

Deformations after mandibular resection can be eliminated by single stage defects replacement by reconstructive materials of different origin. Prior to microsurgical methods of jaws reconstruction the patient rehabilitation with defects of the jaws had very limited success due to a number of drawbacks of traditional techniques (transplant tendency to resorption and seizure, complexity in surrounding tissues recovery) that makes impossible the use of the dental implantation techniques. In case of interdisciplinary planning of the treatment dental implants can be successfully placed in reconstructed mandible providing the conditions for aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of patients. The article described a clinical case of carrying out microsurgical mandible reconstruction with consequent placing of 7 dental implants and rational prosthetic appliance making.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Combined dental implant and guided tissue regeneration therapy in humans.

This study evaluated wound healing and osseointegration of dental implants placed in immediate postextraction sockets in humans. Ten healthy adults had one or more teeth extracted and replaced with ITI dental implants, which were centered in the residual socket and covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and a flap to attain primary closure. Measurements were made to document the relationship of bone to implant at the time of implant placement and at the 6-month reentry. All implants were clinically osseointegrated at the 6-month reentry procedure; narrow bony defects showed complete bone fill, while wide defects showed partial bone fill. There was less bone regeneration in areas of thin cortical bone or preexisting dehiscences and in implant sites with early membrane exposure. Implants placed in immediate postextraction sockets demonstrated successful osseointegration with irregular bone-healing patterns, which were related to variations in existing bony anatomy and socket location.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2006

Resonance frequency analysis and damping capacity assessment. Part I: an in vitro study on measurement reliability and a method of comparison in the determination of primary dental implant stability.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this in vitro study were to evaluate reliability of the Osstell and Periotest devices in the assessment of implant stability and to perform a method comparison. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Commercial dental implants were inserted into bovine rib segments of different anatomical origins and densities. Repeated measurements were performed, varying (a) the torque-in force of the devices' attachment screw (the Osstell transducer and the ball attachment, insert for the Periotest device), (b) the insertion site bone quality, and (c) the thread exposure in simulated peri-implant bone defects. RESULTS: Both methods were comparably reliable and showed a strong association to each other in the classification of implant stability. As opposed to torque-forced screw attachment, the variations in bone composition, differences in inter-implant stability of adjacent implants, and peri-implant bone reduction were statistically significant for both methods. CONCLUSIONS: Both non-invasive diagnostic devices seem to be useful in the long-term follow-up of implant integration.

Animals↗