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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Effects of Cinnabar and Realgar in Angong Niuhuang powder on heat shock protein, nitric oxide synthase and inflammatory cytokines in contusion cerebral edema].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pharmacological mechanism of Cinnabar and Realgar in Angong Niuhuang powder (ANP). METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into six groups (12 rats/group): normal controls group (NS group), contusion cerebral edema model group( CCE group) , cerebral edema rats administrated by cinnabar 0. 15 g/kg 1h (CA group), cerebral edema rats administrated by realgar 0.15 g/kg 1h (RG group), cerebral edema rats administrated by Angong Niuhuang powder 1.5 g/kg 1h (ANP I group), cerebral edema rats administrated by Angong Niuhuang powder substracted cinnabar and realgar 1.2 g/kg 1h (ANP II group). Each group was divided into two subgroups (6 rats/subgroup). The rats in subgroups were killed at 8h and 24h after modeling respectively. Expression of heat shock protein 70 ( HSP 70) mRNA in brain tissues was measured by RT-PCR. Activities of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and its isoenzymes (iNOS, cNOS) in brain tissues were tested by colorimetry. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) in serum were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS: Expression of HSP 70 mRNA in ANP I group and ANP II group significantly increased as compared with CCE group 8h after being modeled (P < 0.05), and increase range in ANP I group were singificantly higher than that in ANP II group (P < 0.05). Activities of iNOS in CA group, RG group, ANP I group and ANP II group were lower than that in CCE group 8h after being modeled (P < 0.05) , and the activities in ANP I group were the lowest in the four groups. Levels of TNF-alpha in RG group, ANP I group and ANP II group decreased obviously as compared with CCE group 8h after being modeled (P < 0.05) , so did levels of IL-1beta in ANP I group and ANP II group (P < 0.05). But no significant difference was shown between ANP I group and ANP 11 group. CONCLUSION: HSP 70, iNOS, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta are involved in contusion cerebral edema. ANP and CA, RG in ANP are protective against CCE in rats. It may be associated with the increase of HSP 70 mRNA expression, inhibition of iNOS activity, and the decreasae of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta) levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Delayed traumatic vasospasm: correlation between cerebral vasospasm and contusion].

The pathogenesis of delayed traumatic vasospasm is not yet fully understood. We present six cases of delayed traumatic symptomatic vasospasm along with CT scan and angiographic findings. The cases ranging in age from 16 to 78 years all had head injury caused by traffic accidents. The Glasgow coma scale on admission was 9 - 15 except in one severe case GCS 6. Initial CT scans were obtained on the day of injury in four patients and on the 2nd and 3rd days in the other two cases respectively. There was no distinct subarachnoid hemorrhage in the suprasellar cistern. Subarachnoid hemorrhage in the Sylvian cistern was observed with particular care in all patients. However the severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage was mild (isodensity or slight high density by CT) in 4 cases. Brain contusions on CT scan were observed in the temporal and/or frontal region of 5 of 6 patients. Ischemic symptoms occurred during the period between 5 and 13 days after head injury. The cerebral angiogram taken after the occurrence of these symptoms revealed spasms in all patients, the spasm being bilateral in 2 of them. Spasms were recognized on the main arteries at the base of the brain such as C1, M1, M2 and A1. In 5 cases, the cerebral contusion and the spasm were located on the same side. Angiographically the vasospasms lasted 2 to 5 weeks. The prognosis based on the Glasgow outcome scale was good recovery in 3 patients and moderate disability in one. Two elderly patients with bilateral spasms were in a vegetative state and severe disability, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinico-morphologic characteristics of brain contusion in patients of various age groups].

Brain contusion in children becomes fatal only when the cerebrocranial trauma is very serious and coarse diffuse lesions occur in the whole brain. Foci of intracerebral hemorrhages are relatively rare in such cases. A special form of affection--diffuse involvement of the brain is often encountered in children and young persons. In patients of the older age groups a fatal outcome may occur not only in a severe but also in a relatively mild trauma; it is due to the trauma itself and also to secondary pathological reactions on the part of the cardiovascular and other systems of the organism. The contusion foci in elderly and old-aged individuals are characterized as a rule by extensive hemorrhages. The younger the patient, the more is the tendency towards manifestation of the regularities characteristic of the child organism, and, in contrast, the older the patient and the more pronounced the signs of premature advanced age, the higher is the frequency of complications and fatal outcomes in relatively mild cerebrocranial trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Hypokinetic cardiomyopathy. A possible result of myocardial contusion].

Myocardial contusion is a frequent complication of blunt chest trauma. Ventricular involvement is generally segmental and exhibits a favourable evolution. We describe the case of a 44-year-old male who suffered an acute blunt thoracic injury with a consequent stable worsening of his functional class. His first electrocardiographic examination 30 days after the trauma showed negative T wave in V3-V6 leads while one and two-dimensional echocardiography exhibited a diffuse damage of the morphology of the left ventricle and a lowering of the fractional shortening (FS) of its end-diastolic diameter (EDD): FS = 23%, EDD = 6.9 cm, diastolic eccentricity index = 65%, systolic eccentricity index = 70%. During a follow-up period of thirteen months ECG became normal after a short time while the echocardiogram maintained its initial abnormalities and the patient maintained his compromised functional class. We report this peculiar pattern of myocardial contusion evolution which has not previously been described.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis and treatment of brain contusions in patients with arterial hypertension].

From comparative analysis of 408 cases of brain contusion it is shown that arterial hypertension influences, essentially at times, the informativeness of some diagnostic indices. The sequence of the therapeutic measures in patients with arterial hypertension is determined by the trend of the secondary reactions of the brain to the contusion: the hemorrhagic type of vascular disorders in the first hours and days after the trauma and subsequently by secondary (mainly ischemic type) cerebral circulatory disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Tactics of the surgeon in intracranial hematomas associated with contusion foci of the cerebral hemispheres].

Under analysis was the experience with the treatment of 540 patients with intracranial hematomas as foci of contusion of the brain. A conclusion is made of the necessary surgical treatment of contusion foci of the brain involving deep layers of great hemispheres and followed by extensive white softening of the brain. The method of aspiration with a standard electric operative aspirator should be used for evacuation of the softened brain matter.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quantitative characteristics of cerebral blood flow and gas exchange in cerebral contusions].

Statistical characteristics of blood flow and gas exchange parameters in patients with craniocerebral injury grouped in a different manner according to the severity of the contusion, the state of consciousness, and the general condition were obtained by electric computer processing of the results of studying hemispheric blood flow by means of 133Xe clearance in 86 cases, oxygen consumption by the brain in 36 cases, and carbon dioxide excretion by the brain by Van Slyke's method in 75 cases. A close correlation was revealed between the state of the patient's consciousness and the parameters of cerebral blood flow and gas exchange; compression in severe brain contusion was found to have a statistically significant effect on cerebral blood flow and gas exchange.

Brain Concussion↗
PubMed1985

[Cerebral contusions in injuries with fractures of the bones of the skull in children].

The authors analyzed 205 cases of skull fractures in children. Linear, depressed and comminuted skull fractures as well as ruptures of the cranial commissures were revealed. Skull fractures in children were characterized by specific features depending on the age, type of fractures and the mechanism of injury and were always attended with contusions of the brain. To determine the degree of brain contusions, the authors carried out a comprehensive examination with the use of electrophysiological and modern laboratory methods (determination of blood plasma prostaglandins).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Creatine kinase MB and M-mode echocardiographic changes in cardiac contusion.

Cardiac contusion was suspected in 95 patients with severe blunt chest trauma of whom 93 did not require hospitalization. Creatine kinase (CK) MB isoenzyme activity was elevated over 4.0 U/l in 10 (10.5%) patients (CK MB positive) by between 2% and 8% (mean +/- SE 4.1 +/- 0.6%), when the total CK was 296 +/- 74 (mean +/- SE). Two patients had a pericardial rub. M-mode echocardiography was performed on 16 patients: 7 CK MB positive (CK MB+) and 9 CK MB negative (CK MB-) without the physician's knowledge of the CK MB status of the patients. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, in healthy subjects 48.3 +/- 4.9 mm, was increased to 55.4 +/- 1.8 mm (p less than 0.01) in CK MB+ patients and to 56.3 +/- 6.0 mm (p less than 0.01) in CK MB- patients. The end-systolic left ventricular diameter, in healthy subjects 36.7 +/- 5.2 mm, was increased to 42.4 +/- 6.7 mm (p less than 0.01) in CK MB+ patients and to 41.3 +/- 6.5 mm (p less than 0.01) in CK MB- patients. The mean ejection fraction was 48.6 +/- 11.0 in CK MB+ and 53.6 +/- 11.8 in CK MB- group. Minor contractile abnormalities occurred in all CK MB+ patients in 2 or more left ventricular regions and in 7 out of 9 CK MB- patients in 1 or 2 regions. The regional motion pattern was hypokinesia with sharp systolic deflections at abnormal areas and hyperkinesia on normal segments. Aortic root was enlarged in all patients with contusion and CK MB+. There was no apparent increase in left atrial size. "Flattened" ST-segment and T-waves were seen in 5 CK MB+ patients but not in the CK MB- patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Technic for surgical intervention in severe brain contusions and crushing].

Basal contusions of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, occurring as a contrecoup as a rule, are particularly severe and are marked by a high mortality. The 10-year practice of the Sklifosovsky Scientific Research Institute of Emergency Aid in the surgical management of cerebral contusion was aimed at the search for a less traumatic craniotomy approach and the most sparing and radical, within reasonable limits, intervention on the cerebral focus. Analysis of the work done enables us to choose the method described in the article, comprising extensive infratemporal craniotomy which excludes the frontal, temporal, and parietal, lobes, and to recommend combining intervention on the focus with internal decompression and active aspiration of the wound discharge from the cranial cavity in the first 24 hours after the operation. The illustrations supplied show the stages of the operation: linear skin incision, incision and separation of the temporal muscle, resection of the squama of the temporal and frontal bones down to the base of the skull. The operation may also be carried out as osteoplasty (sites for forming the trephination openings are shown in Fig. 1, a).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Space occupying contusions of cerebral lobes after closed brain injury: considerations about 51 cases.

Fifty one cases of space occupying contusions of the brain have been treated between 1967 and 1974. These represented 2.4% of all head injuries. Forty four were surgically treated and only clinically. The total mortality was 50.9% being 91.4% in patients above 50 years of age and 41% in patients below 50. In 66.6% of patients the lesions were localized in the temporal lobes, and two patients had localized cerebellar contusions. Surgery was performed in 44 patients. There were 13 craniectomies and 31 craniotomies. The operative mortality was 54.5%. Mortality was 65.2% in patients operated on within 24 hours of injury, and 12.5% in those operated on more than 72 hours after trauma. Twenty five patients (20 treated surgically and 5 managed clinically) were examined one year after injury. Eighty four percent were in either good or excellent condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cerebral contusion: a prototype for head injury.

Cerebral contusions occur as a result of traumatic head injury. These lesions may consist of tissue necrosis, hemorrhage, and edema. The patient with a cerebral contusion is at risk to develop increased ICP and brain tissue displacement that may cause a rapid deterioration in his clinical condition.

Brain Concussion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Features of the clinical manifestation of contusion of the cerebral hemisphere in patients with hypertension].

Analysis of 401 cases with contusion of the cerebral hemispheres showed that in patients with craniocerebral trauma and essential hypertension the incidence of traumatic intracranial hematoma was 1.3-1.4 times higher and the incidence of acute cerebral circulatory disorders (mainly cerebral infarctions) was 4-5 times higher. Isolated contusion of the cerebral hemispheres in patients with essential hypertension was characterized by less manifested symptoms of internal hypertension and the dislocation syndrome. The combination of craniocerebral injury and essential hypertension has a marked effect on the clinical manifestations of both the craniocerebral trauma and essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tabular differential diagnosis of traumatic intracranial hematomas and cerebral contusions using a portable calculator].

Mathematical diagnostic tables for differentiating intracranial hematomas and contusions of the brain were compiled on the basis of a minimax algorithm with the use of the M-222 electronic computer. Their application in 160 cases with intracranial traumatic hematomas and in 110 cases with contusion of the brain provided exact diagnosis in 90% of cases. The mathematical calculations are adapted for use with the "Elektronika" microcomputers manufactured in the USSR.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Primary diagnosis and follow-up after thoracic trauma and lung contusion].

In 212 patients after injury of the thorax (54 males, 158 females; penetrating (15), blunt (197), multiple trauma (128)) 158 cases demonstrated rib fractures and 103 radiological proven pneumo- or hematothoraces or sometimes both, 108 of 138 had to be drained. 96.5% of the effusions and 98% of the pneumothoraces were clinical confirmed. 93.5% of 97 pulmonary contusions (79 unilateral, 18 bilateral) were detected by bronchoscopy within 10 h, 72% by x-ray. Caused by anatomical problems or for additional diagnosis 4 patients underwent thoracic CT. During ICU treatment 31 patients developed septic complications without detection in x-ray studies. In CT (n = 64) we found: 5 empyema, 13 pleural effusions, 4 pneumothoraces, 4 pneumocysts, 72 condensations of a lobe. After CT we performed: 9 resections of the lower lobe, 1 pneumectomy, 1 decortication, 7 thoracotomies with drainage, 8 drainages. To detect a septic focus under treatment the CT proved being an important diagnostic tool in chest trauma and lung contusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Bronchial rupture and lung contusion in multiple trauma].

Tracheobronchial ruptures resulting from blunt chest trauma are rare events. Depending on their anatomical location and extension they may be nearly asymptomatic and escape early diagnosis, on the other hand they may induce an acute life-threatening situation with dramatic symptoms. The awareness of the different clinical and radiological findings may point to this lesion, the definite diagnosis, however, is made by bronchoscopy. A rapid surgical reconstruction intends to avoid severe late complications and to protect all uninjured lung areas for an adequate gas exchange in case of associated lung contusion. In patients with thoracoabdominal injuries, whether to perform thoracotomy or celiotomy first must be decided for each individual case depending on the urgency. The clinical course of a patient, who after a traffic accident suffered from main bronchus rupture, bilateral lung contusion, liver rupture and multiple fractures of the upper extremities illustrates these problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue (YM14673) on experimental brain contusion and edema in rats].

The effect of TRH analogue, YM14673: N alpha-[[(S)-4-oxo-2-azetidinyl]-carbonyl)-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide] dihydrate, on traumatic brain edema were studied in male Wistar rats. The cerebral contusion was produced by Feeney's dropping weight method. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group and YM14673 (0.1 mg.kg-1, i.p.), YM14673 (1.0 mg.kg-1, i.p.) and a control group (given equal volume of physiological saline, i.p.) after cerebral contusion. Contents of water in brain tissue were measured. These results suggest that treatments with YM14673 significantly reduced brain edema than control group (P < 0.05).

Animals↗