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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Clinical application of the reversed digital arteial island flap with digital wein and digital dorsal nerve anastomosis].

OBJECTIVE: To introduce clinical application of the reversed digital arteial island flap with digital wein and digital dorsal nerve anastomosis to repair digital soft tissue defect. METHODS: Since 1999, 10 cases involving 14 digital defects associated with exposure of bone or tendon were treated by using the reversed digital arterial island flap with digital vein and digital dorsal cutaneous nerves anastomosis. RESULTS: All the flaps were 100% survived and the result is satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: The reversed digital arterial island flap with anastomosing the digital vein and dorsa digita nerve is a safe, and simple technique, which can maintain the finger's normal appearance and reduce the incidence of venous crisis and improve the survival rate of the flap.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical application of 3D imaging for brain tumors].

Advances in image analysis methods and computer technology have increasingly facilitated the clinical application of three-dimensional(3D) imaging for brain tumors. This paper illustrates various types of 3D imaging that can be applied to diagnosis or surgery of brain tumors. A preoperatively acquired 3D data set is used for brain tumor surgery simulation and navigation, and is useful for elucidating the relationship between the brain tumor and adjacent brain including the cortical surface, vasculature or eloquent areas of the brain. Recent developments in 3D imaging have allowed the fusion of anatomical and functional images. Integration of 3D images by automatic registering of multiple images facilitates safe and effective treatment of brain tumors.

Brain↗
PubMed1991

[The development of a distribution system for medical lasers and its clinical application].

We developed a new laser beam generator system which can deliver laser beam to multiple terminals in distant clinical therapy rooms. The system possesses the distribution equipment by which Nd-YAG laser power is distributed to 8 output terminals under the computer control. Distributed laser beam is delivered to each distant terminal with clinical informations through the optical fiber. In the fundamental studies, possibility of distant transportation of laser beam (30 m) only with 10% loss of energy and without dangerous heating at the connection parts was shown. There seems to be no disadvantage associated with distribution laser beam. In the clinical study, the system was applied to five patients with the symptoms including hemosputum, esophageal stenosis, hemorrhage, lip ulcer and pain. Clinical usefulness of the system was proved. The advantages of the system are as follows: 1. Benefit of cost reduction due to multiple use of single laser source. 2. No necessity of transport of the equipment. 3. No requirement of a wide space to install the equipment in the distant room. 4. Efficient management and maintenance of the system by centralization. Further improvements, e.g., simultaneous use at multiple terminals and elongation of transportation up to 340 m, make the system more useful for clinical application.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1996

[Tridimensional echocardiography: general principles and clinical applications (with special reference to congenital heart diseases)].

Methods of three-dimensional reconstruction of cardiac images and emerging clinical applications are described, with special reference to congenital heart disease. Compared to other techniques providing dynamic three-dimensional visualization of heart structures, echocardiography has advantages of better temporal resolution and minor cost. Current applications include assessment of volumes and global and regional ventricular performance, evaluation of time motion of valves and other dynamic processes together with color-flow images, and dissection of the heart into specific areas of interest, such as atrial septum, mitral inflow and aortic outflow. In complex congenital heart disease, three-dimensional reconstruction provides an interpretation of the mode of atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections, with simulations of a "surgeon's view" of the heart. Defects as atrioventricular canal, double inlet left ventricle and tricuspid atresia can be examined in details concerning the architecture of valvar and subvalvar apparatus and presence and importance of ventricular septal defect. Other congenital malformations such as transposition of great arteries, truncus, coarctation syndrome, and double outlet right ventricle can be assessed in regard to interventricular communication and infundibular obstruction. Multiplane transesophageal probes are best suitable to this sort of electronic vivisection, but rotational and linear scanning methods have also given useful images of cardiac structures in children as well as adults. Validation studies are in progress on the reliability of a number of quantitative parameters that can be derived from the three-dimensional data set.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Enhancement of drug absorption by iontophoresis and phonophoresis and clinical application].

Concepts of iontophoresis and phonophoresis are described. Main factors regarding iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery of ionized drugs or non-ionized drugs and clinical applications are outlined. Iontophoretic and sonophoretic transdermal drug delivery has some advantages and disadvantages. However, its clinical use for controlled drug delivery corresponding to chronopharmacology will bring more benefit to patients in near future.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Clinical applications of prostaglandins in Obstetrics and Gynaecology.

Although a number of potential practical uses of prostaglandins have been identified, these compounds have so far found clinical applications mainly in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. It is almost 15 years since a prostaglandin was first used for the induction of term labour and prostaglandin E2 is now commercially available for this purpose in many countries. For the termination of second trimester pregnancy, prostaglandins have almost completely replaced other methods previously in use. Other areas where prostaglandins are routinely used or where their uses are being developed, include menstrual induction, preevacuation dilatation of the cervix in the first trimester, termination of pregnancy in cases of missed abortion, intrauterine fetal death and other types of abnormal pregnancies, control of post-partum haemorrhage, treatment of post-partum or post surgical urine retention and ripening of the cervix prior to induction of labour at term. In early studies, prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha were used for all the applications listed above. In order to increase efficacy and reduce side effects, a number of synthetic analogues were later evaluated for application in selected areas. Those with modification in the 15 and 16 positions of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha molecules have undergone extensive clinical trials and some of these analogues are now in routine use. The current status of the practical applications of prostaglandins in Obstetrics and Gynaecology is reviewed.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed2004

Fetal cell-free nucleic acids in the maternal circulation: new clinical applications.

Six years after the demonstration of the presence of cell-free fetal nucleic acids in maternal plasma, perinatal clinical applications continue to expand. The focus of this article is on advances that have occurred since the CNAPS II conference held in Hong Kong in 2001. Circulating fetal DNA levels (fDNA) are elevated in pregnancies complicated by fetal trisomies 13 and 21 but not 18. Measurement of fDNA levels improves the performance of the current standard maternal serum screen, by increasing the detection of Down syndrome cases by 5% with no increase in the false-positive rate. fDNA levels are elevated in women who have developed clinical symptoms of preeclampsia, but they are also elevated by the early second trimester in women who will eventually develop preeclampsia. fDNA and mRNA gamma globin measurement may have clinical utility as markers for fetomaternal hemorrhage in the late first trimester. Cell-free fetal DNA levels are quite high in the amniotic fluid, permitting fetal genomic isolation and analysis using comparative genomic hybridization techniques. Fetal DNA crosses the blood-brain barrier and is detectable in maternal cerebrospinal fluid in a subset of pregnant women. The biological implications of this are currently unknown. Review of the literature suggests that the placenta is the predominant source of the circulating fetal nucleic acids. However, detection of gamma globin mRNA sequences in the plasma of pregnant women suggests that fetal blood cells also contribute to the pool of nucleic acids. Widespread incorporation of fetal nucleic acid measurement into routine prenatal care depends on the identification of a readily accessible gender-independent fetal marker.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical application of the endolaryngeal laser measurement technique].

INTRODUCTION: Laser projection techniques have made morphometric measurement of laryngeal structures possible. The clinical application of a new laser measurement technique that uses a double reflecting mirror for laser beam duplication is discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Endolaryngeal measurement with a new two-point laser light projection method was carried out on 25 patients with ten different organic lesions of the vocal folds. The laser measurement tool can be clipped onto the shaft of a rigid endoscope. A special software program enables quick and precise measurements of distances and areas that are in the same horizontal plane as the laser spots. FINDINGS: Using this new system, a clinical examination of the size of organic lesions of the vocal folds is possible, with a precise measurement of endolaryngeal structures being possible in all cases. The findings are easily documented, and the examinations can take place during routine laryngoscopic investigations. CONCLUSION: Systems for endolaryngeal measurements enable morphometric measurements within the larynx. Quantitative examinations have become possible in laryngology.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed2005

Microsurgical second dorsal metacarpal artery cutaneous and tenocutaneous flap for distal finger reconstruction: anatomic study and clinical application.

In this paper, we report on the anatomical study of 34 cadaveric forearms with red latex injection and the clinical application of this study to 11 cases of microsurgical second dorsal metacarpal artery (SDMA) flaps. There were 8 cutaneous cases and 3 tenocutaneous cases using SDMA flaps for distal finger reconstruction. The SDMA was classified into 2 types and 4 subtypes according to its anatomical origin and course. Type I (76.5%) originated from the dorsal branch of the radial artery at the snuffbox. Type II (23.5%) originated from the perforating branch of the deep palmar arch at the bases of second and third metacarpal bones. Diameter of the SDMA was 1.2 +/- 0.2 mm at its snuffbox origin, and 1.0 +/- 0.1 mm at the base of the second and third metacarpal bones. Clinically, microsurgical SDMA free flaps were raised and transferred for repair of finger injuries. Ten flaps survived completely. One flap failed due to thrombosis of vascular anastomosis. In conclusion, the second dorsal metacarpal artery is a constant and reliable vessel for microvascular anastomosis in microsurgical SDMA flap transfer. This flap can be used as an alternative for hand and finger reconstruction, and especially repair of a distal phalanx, when either an orthograde or retrograde island SDMA flap is unable to reach the defect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Clinical applications of epidermal growth factor.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a molecule with a broad pharmacological activity which has been used clinically, with promising results, to treat patients affected by necrotizing enterocolitis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastrointestinal ulceration and congenital microvillus atrophy. In theory, EGF may find a clinical application in a variety of other pathologies of both the gastrointestinal tract and other systems. Examples of gastrointestinal diseases that could benefit from treatment with EGF include colitis, gastrointestinal ulcerations of various causes, atrophic conditions, conditions of defective maturation and development and even cancer. However, the clinical use of EGF may be associated with a variety of problems and side-effects; careful selection of patients and evaluation of risk-benefit ratios are required.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Investigation of the current situation on clinical application of endodontic treatments in Shanghai municipality].

PURPOSE: To investigate the present state of endodontic treatments applied in Shanghai municipality. METHODS: A questionnaire survey about clinic application of three endodontic treatments including pulp mummification (PM), resinifying therapy(RT) and root canal therapy(RCT) was conducted by 136 dentists of 42 hospitals selected from three different types of hospitals in Shanghai. The questionnaire concerned the proportion and the scale of three treatments used clinically , the indications, the evaluation of the curative effect and the prospective application in future. SAS6.04 statistical software was used for Chi square test and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: (1) PM and RCT were applied widely, RT was seldom used. There was significant difference in the proportion using PM among three different types of hospitals (P<0.001). (2) PM was primarily applied to the teeth suffering from acute or chronic pulpitis, especially molars with vital pulp.(3)Good long-term curative effect was the primary factor affecting dentists to chose endodontic treatment.(4) Most dentists affirm that the best curative effect would be obtained for RCT, however, the effect was uncertain for PM to treat acute or chronic pulpitis. CONCLUSION: The current situation of clinical use of endodontic therapeutic methods in Shanghai falls some short of the concepts accepted internationally. But in general, RCT should be popularized while PM should be eliminated gradually.

China↗
PubMed2006

Clinical application of tissue-engineered transplants. Part I: mucosa.

OBJECTIVES: The study series aims at testing the feasibility of the clinical application of tissue-engineered oral mucosa. The preliminary results were gathered over a period varying from 6 months to 12 years depending on the surgical method. METHODS: Tissue-engineered oral mucosa was used to cover defects in various surgical procedures like vestibuloplasty (n=42), freeing of the tongue (n=10), prelaminating the radial flap (n=5) and reconstruction of the urethra (n=16). In all interventions small samples of oral mucosa were harvested, cut into small pieces, resuspended in culture medium and seeded into a culture flask. Cultured keratinocytes were transferred onto membranes which then were used to cover mucosal defects in the oral cavity. RESULTS: To gain a graft of 15 cm(2) size a mucosa biopsy of 4-8 mm(2) and 40 ml autologous patients serum is needed. Tissue-engineered oral mucosa was applied successfully in all four surgical methods. Six months after transplantation a regular epithelial layering with a histological delimitation of the stratum, epithelial crest and a strong basal membrane appeared. According to the reception site the tissue engineered oral mucosa differentiated in several ways. CONCLUSION: Tissue-engineered oral mucosa fulfils the requirements for clinical routine. With view to healing time and outcome it does not appear to be superior to regular harvested oral mucosa transplants. Because of a smaller harvesting defect and primary wound closure at the actual operation site the patients' convenience is increased. Thus this method reduces morbidity and advances the quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Clinical applications of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: the white coat syndrome.

The estimation of an individual's true blood pressure by conventional clinical measurement is subject to a number of errors, stemming partly from the inherent variability of blood pressure, and also from the white coat syndrome, which is an elevation of blood pressure limited to the clinic setting. This may occur in about 20% of patients with mild hypertension, and is hypothesized to be a learned or conditioned response. Ambulatory monitoring may help to identify such patients. Other potential clinical applications of the technique include evaluation of patients with resistant hypertension, with excessively labile blood pressure, or with autonomic insufficiency, which may be characterized not only by hypotensive episodes, but also by hypertensive episodes during the night. An unresolved question is the definition of the upper limit of normal ambulatory pressure, which is required before ambulatory monitoring finds wide clinical acceptance.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed1991

Clinical applications of temporoparietal hair-bearing flaps for male pattern baldness and mustache formation.

This article demonstrates some variations and clinical applications of pedicled, vascularized, hair-bearing temporoparietal flaps. The most important advantages are that the baldness can be repaired in one operation, there is no loss of scalp skin, the procedure can be done under local anesthesia, and it is not necessary to hospitalize the patient or to give a blood transfusion due to the use of a cephalic tourniquet. We also use the temporoparietal flap for mustache formation in cases in which we have to camouflage a scarred upper lip as a result of bilateral cleft lip sequelae, trauma, or cancer. Island hair-bearing flaps are transferred from the scalp to the upper lip through a hemirhytidoplasty incision.

Alopecia↗
PubMed2000

Clinical application of NMP22 and urinary cytology in patients with hematuria or a history of urothelial carcinoma.

For evaluation of the clinical application of immunoassay for nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22 immunoassay) and urinary cytology for early diagnosis and detection of bladder cancer in patients with hematuria and/or a previous history of bladder cancer, 209 urine samples obtained from 137 patients presenting episodes of hematuria or a history of bladder cancer were assayed for NMP22 levels and/or prepared for cytology examination. Biopsy was performed when any visible tumor was identified during cystoscopy examination. The median NMP22 concentrations measured in samples taken from patients with active bladder cancer, from patients with a history of bladder cancer but no active disease, from patients with hematuria, and from healthy volunteers were 18.95, 5.45, 6.39, and 3.75 U/ml, respectively. The urinary NMP22 level recorded for patients with urothelial carcinoma was significantly higher than that noted for individuals without active disease. The sensitivity of the NMP22 assay and of urinary cytology in diagnosing bladder cancer was 69% and 67%, respectively. In contrast, the specificity of these two diagnostic modalities reached 72% and 93%, respectively. The NMP22 assay is slightly more sensitive but less specific than urinary cytology in detecting bladder cancer. This study indicates that determination of urinary NMP22 levels is a useful and noninvasive tool for the detection of bladder cancer because of its high sensitivity. The urinary NMP22 assay may be used as a first-line routine screening method; however, it cannot replace the use of urinary cytology because of its lower specificity.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed2006

Clinical applications of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved from an effective research tool into a clinically proven, safe and comprehensive imaging modality. It provides anatomic and functional information in acquired and congenital heart disease and is the most precise technique for quantification of ventricular volumes, function and mass. Owing to its excellent interstudy reproducibility, cardiovascular MRI is the optimal method for assessment of changes in ventricular parameters after therapeutic intervention. Delayed contrast enhancement is an accurate and robust method used in the diagnosis of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies and less common diseases, such as cardiac sarcoidosis and myocarditis. First-pass magnetic contrast myocardial perfusion is becoming an alternative to radionuclide techniques for the detection of coronary atherosclerotic disease. In this review we outline the techniques used in cardiovascular MRI and discuss the most common clinical applications.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Diffusion MR imaging: clinical applications.

Water self-diffusion, a recently discovered source of contrast on MR images, has already shown promise for some clinical applications. Most studies have been of the brain, essentially for technical reasons. Diffusion is useful in distinguishing the different components of brain tumors (cystic regions, edema, necrosis) from the tumor core itself. Recent studies have shown that diffusion is anisotropic in brain white matter (i.e., dependent on the fiber tract's orientation in space), offering new insights into myelin disorders. Diffusion is also dramatically altered in the minutes following ischemic injury in the cat brain, which may have tremendous impact for the diagnosis and management of hyperacute stroke. With ultrafast acquisition schemes, diffusion imaging has also been used outside the CNS, for instance, in the eye and kidney. Future applications include diffusion-localized spectroscopy and temperature imaging. This article reviews recent progress in this field and suggests potential applications.

Body Water↗
PubMed2003

[Clinical application of maxillary endossenous implant with edentulous ridge expansion technique].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application and the effect of edentulous ridge expansion(ERE) technique in maxillary endossenous implant placement. METHODS: 49 patients with maxillary alveolar ridge atrophy received edentulous ridge expansion using condenser. In order to be similar to natural root, dental implants were selected and placed to tooth missed sites according to the requirements of aesthetics, function and dimension. RESULTS: 49 patients with atrophied alveolar ridge received 86 implants. The labio-lingual width augmented from 3.3 to 5.4 mm and the alveolar ridge height from 2 to 7 mm 6 months after operation. The implants osseintergrated tightly with alveolar bone and second-step prosthesis was performed 6 months after implant placement. CONCLUSION: The edentulous ridge expansion technique can meet the requirements of aesthetics and function and is applicable to endossenous implant placement in maxilla. The method is simple and valuable to clinical application.

Adolescent↗