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PubMed2003

[Isolated granulocytic sarcoma in the breast].

A 16-year-old female, who was diagnosed as having non-Hodgkin lymphoma following a biopsy of a tumor of her right breast, was admitted to our hospital. The diagnosis made by the referring hospital was not reconfirmed because of the pathological findings with suspicion of sarcoma. As another tumor appeared in the contralateral breast 10 days after hospitalization, a second biopsy of the tumor was performed. Touch preparations of the tumor were positive for myeloperoxidase and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase staining. The diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma (GS) was made. No abnormalities were found in the peripheral blood and bone marrow at this time. Chromosomal examination of the bone marrow was normal. The number of copies for WT-1 mRNA was high both in the bone marrow cells and the tumor cells. The expression of WT-1 mRNA in peripheral blood was not detected. She was treated with the same protocol as for acute myelogenous leukemia and the breast tumor disappeared. The titer of WT-1 mRNA in bone marrow slightly decreased but remained high. Taken together, these findings suggest that the GS seems to be bone marrow origin and the monitoring of WT-1 mRNA may be useful for early diagnosis of any relapse.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Study on a new antarthritic injection--O-carboxymethyl chitosan].

A type of water-soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (O--CMC), with 76% degree of substitution determined by conductivity method, was prepared by using chloroacetic acid to react with C6-OH of chitosan. The solubility of O--CMC was characterized also. Animal experiment in rabbits showed that O--CMC could lubricate arthron, inhibit proliferation of fibroblast cells on rabbits' knee joints, benefit the process of repairing pathologic articular cartilage, and produce good therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Hygienic standards of the occupational air quality established by the Experts on Chemical Agents, 2002].

In 2002, it was necessary to harmonize Polish law on admissible limits of occupational exposure with EU requirements. To this end, the Expert Group on Chemical Agents proposed maximum admissible concentration values for 29 chemicals: acrylaldehyde (107-02-8); cresols, mix of isomers (95-48-7), 108-39-4, 106-44-5, 1319-77-3); tetraphosphorus decaoxide (1314-56-3); ethylamine (75-04-7); naphtalene (91-20-3); nitrobenzene (98-95-3); nitrogen oxide (110-54-5); nitrogen dioxide (10102-44-0); pyridine (110-86-1); butan-2-one (78-93-3); carbon oxide (630-08-0); 1,4-dichlorobenzene (106-46-7); 1,2-dichlorobenzene (95-50-1); hexane (110-54-5); aluminum hydroxide (21645-51-2); aluminum (fumes and dusts) (7429-90-5); amitrole (61-82-5); 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A) (80-05-7); 3a,4,7,7a-terahydro-4,7-metanoindene (dicyclopentadiene) (77-73-6); trimethoxyphosphane (121-45-9); methyl chloroacetate (96-34-4); 4-methoxyphenol (150-76-5); methyl formate (107-31-3); 2-phenoxyethanol (122-99-6); divinylbenzene (1321-74-0); Diesel exhausts (-); hexane-6-lactam (dusts and fumes) (105-60-2); 2-isopropoxyethanol (109-59-1); and methyl 2-cyanoacrylate (137-05-3).

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗

PubMed2004

Genetic organization of the dhlA gene encoding 1,2-dichloroethane dechlorinase from Xanthobacter flavus UE15.

Xanthobacter flavus strain UE15 was isolated in wastewater obtained from the Ulsan industrial complex, Korea. This strain functions as a 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) degrader, via a mechanism of hydrolytic dechlorination, under aerobic conditions. The UE15 strain was also capable of dechlorinating other chloroaliphatics, such as 2-chloroacetic acid and 2-chloropropionic acid. The dhlA gene encoding 1,2-DCA dechlorinase was cloned from the genomic DNA of the UE15 strain, and its nucleotide sequence was determined to consist of 933 base pairs. The deduced amino acid sequence of the DhlA dechlorinase exhibited 100% homology with the corresponding enzyme from X. autotrophicus GJ10, but only 27 to 29% homology with the corresponding enzymes from Rhodococcus rhodochrous, Pseudomonas pavonaceae, and Mycobacterium sp. strain GP1, which all dechlorinate haloalkane compounds. The UE15 strain has an ORF1 (1,356 bp) downstream from the dhlA gene. The OFR1 shows 99% amino acid sequence homology with the transposase reported from X. autotrophicus GJ10. The transposase gene was not found in the vicinity of the dhlA in the GJ10 strain, but rather beside the dhlB gene coding for haloacid dechlorinase. The dhlA and dhlB genes were confirmed to be located at separate chromosomal loci in the Xanthobacter flavus UE15 strain as well as in X. autotrophicus GJ10. The dhlA and transposase genes of the UE15 strain were found to be parenthesized by a pair of insertion sequences, IS1247, which were also found on both sides of the transposase gene in the GJ10 strain. This unique structure of the dhlA gene organization in X. flavus strain UE15 suggested that the dechlorinase gene, dhlA, is transferred with the help of the transposase gene.

Bacterial Proteins↗

PubMed2004

Direct detection of trace haloacetates in drinking water using microbore ion chromatography. Improved detector sensitivity using a hydroxide gradient and a monolithic ion-exchange type suppressor.

A highly sensitive gradient microbore ion chromatographic method was developed with electrolytically generated hydroxide eluents for the determination of low microg/L levels of chloroacetate, bromoacetate, trifluoroacetate, dichloroacetate, chlorodifluoroacetate, dibromoacetate, trichloroacetate, bromodichloroacetate and dibromochloroacetate disinfectant by-products formed as a result of chlorination of drinking waters. The possibility of using a packed bed Dionex Atlas suppressor with a hydroxide gradient at microbore flow rates was investigated in order to reduce baseline noise levels. The Atlas suppressor displayed a very significant reduction in noise levels compared to the standard alternative ASRS Ultra suppressor, reducing noise by a factor of 15-20 in some cases, allowing trace haloacetic acids (HAs) to be seen with the direct injection of 100 microL of treated water, with prior chloride and sulfate removal. To lower detection limits even further, a solid phase extraction was employed to preconcentrate HAs, resulting in detection limits of between 0.09 and 21.5 microg/L. The method was applied to the determination of HAs in environmental samples and standard addition curves for three drinking water samples were carried out for both direct injection and preconcentration methods. R2 values in both cases were > or =0.98. Combined content for US Environmental Protection Agency regulated HAs in the three drinking water samples from Dublin City University; New Ross, Co. Wexford and Drogheda, Co. Louth were 46.5, 58.3 and 12.6 microg/L, respectively.

Acetates↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis and tuberculostatic activity of some (4-phenylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole and (4-phenylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazole derivatives.

The phenylpiperazineacetic hydrazide cyclization product. 5-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (1) upon alkylation gave the S-methyl derivative (2). next it was tranmsformed into 1-phenyl-4-(5-pyrrolidin-1-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylmethyl)-piperazine (3). Upon the reaction of I with 1.2-dibromoethane. the derivative (4) containing two joint 1,3,4-oxadiazole systems was obtained. The reactions of compound 1 with chloroacetonitrile and chloroacetic acid gave the corresponding nitrile and carboxylic acid (5, 6) as well. The 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivative (7) was obtained in the reaction of compound I with hydrazine hydrate. The phenylpiperazinacetic acid hydrazide was transformed into 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylamine (8), and this, subsequently, into the 2-ethoxy-1,2,4-triazole derivative (9). The compounds obtained were tested in vitro for their tuberculostatic activity. The minimum inhibiting concentrations (MIC) were within 25 - 100 mg/ml.

Antitubercular Agents↗

PubMed1997

[Multi-elemental analysis by preconcentration on EDTA-cellulose microcolumn coupled to ICP-AES].

EDTA-cellulose was prepared by chloroacetic acid covalently bound to filter flakes. Fe, Cu, Zn, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Al, Cd and Pb were preconcentrated on microcolumn filled with EDTA-cellulose and analyzed with ICP-AES after being eluated with dilute HNO3. At given pH value, alkali and alkaline earth metal ions can be quantitatively separated as matrix elements, and did not interfere eluate determine. High concentration factor was obtained. The usefulness of the method is shown by analyses of Standard Reference Materials.

English Abstract↗

PubMed2005

Myeloid enzymes profile related to the immunophenotypic characteristics of blast cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at diagnosis.

The purpose of this study was to assess the possible relationship between the cytochemical enzyme profile and immunophenotypic characteristics of distinct acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes in discrete stages of leukemic cells maturation. As the proportion of leukemic blast cells is critical for exact cytochemical analysis, study was restricted to the evaluation of 48 adult and pediatric patients with newly diagnosed AMLs with 80% or more blasts in analyzed samples. The cytochemical investigation of myeloperoxidase (MPO), Sudan black B (SBB), chloroacetate esterase (CAE), alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (ANBE), alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (AP) in peripheral blood and/or bone marrow was performed. The immunophenotype was examined for the maturation dependent myeloid antigens CD13, CD33, CD11b, CD14, CD15, CD65, CD36, cytoplasmic MPO, non-lineage associated CD34 and HLA-DR antigens, lymphoid- associated antigens CD7, CD4, CD38 as well as natural killer cell associated marker CD56. Flow cytometry by double marker staining and visualization of pathologic cells in dot plots reflected immunophenotypic aberrancy and degree of cell maturation. The patients were classified into AML subtypes M0- M2, M3, M4 and M5 according to the main morphological, cytochemical and immunophenotypical features. The variable combinations of MPO, SBB, CAE and ANBE were identified in relation to immunophenotype. The cytochemical profile of blasts was in concordance with immunophenotype, particularly in more differentiated AML subtypes, M3, M4 and M5. The findings of myeloid antigens expression and cytochemical features in poorly differentiated AML subtypes showed no practical relevance of cytochemical analysis. Notwithstanding that the cytochemical analysis of AML subtypes not sufficiently identifies the distinct aberrancies in heterogeneous leukemic blast cell populations, evaluation of the cytochemical profile in connection with immunophenotyping may help to classify the AML patients to relevant subtypes with more accuracy.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1992

[Megakaryoblastic transformation associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation in the course of polycythemia vera: a case report].

A 57-year-old male who had suffered from polycythemia vera (PV) and had been treated with pipobroman, carbazilquinon and busulfan for ten years presented with fever. CBC revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia without an increase of leukemic blasts (WBC, 7,700/microliters, RBC 294 x 10(4)/microliters, Hb 9.1 g/dl, Plt 1.5 x 10(4)/microliters). Bone marrow aspiration resulted in dry tap. Bone marrow biopsy showed hyperplastic marrow with fibrosis and no increase in leukemic blasts. Eleven days later the patient became leukemic and he died of DIC. Blast cells showed a high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, basophilic cytoplasm and cytoplasmic blebs. Cytochemical and immunophenotype analysis of the blast cells showed the following results; myeloperoxidase (-), chloroacetate esterase (-), Sudan black (-), acid phosphatase (+), acetate esterase (+), PAS (+), HLA-DR (+) and GPIIb/IIIa (+). Platelet peroxidase reaction on electron microscopy was positive in perinuclear spaces and endoplasmic reticulum. A diagnosis of megakaryoblastic transformation of PV was made. Although acute myelogenous leukemia has been shown to develop occasionally in the course of PV, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with DIC following PV is a very rare condition.

Blast Crisis↗

PubMed2006

Synthesis and biological evaluation of some pyrimidine, pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine and thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives.

4,6-Diamino-1H-pyrimidine-2-thione (1) was used for the preparation of pyrimidine derivatives 2-5. Compound 5 was cyclized to produce pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine derivative 6 which was condensed with p-chlorobenzaldehyde to give compound 7. The latter compound was reacted with hydroxylamine to give isoxazolo[4,5-d]thiazino[2,3-a]pyrimidine 8. Compound 8b was treated with 2-chloroethyl methyl ether to afford compound 9. Similarly, compound 3 reacted with chloroacetic acid to give thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine 10, which was condensed with p-chlorobenzaldehyde to give compound 11. Compound 11 was condensed with hydroxylamine to give isoxazolo[4,5-d]thiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine 12. Compound 12b was treated with 2-chloroethyl methyl ether to afford compound 13. Biological evaluation of some prepared products showed that many of them revealed promising antimicrobial activity.

Anti-Infective Agents↗

PubMed1990

Sequestration of eosinophil major basic protein in human mast cells.

Previous studies showed that lung and skin mast cells do not contain eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP). However, MBP has been localized by immunofluorescence to mast cells from a recently established human mast cell line. Analysis of MBP in human mast cell-1 cell lysates by radioimmunoassay showed immunochemical similarity to eosinophil MBP as judged by comparison of dose-response regression lines. Based on these findings and other new information about mast cell heterogeneity, we tested whether mast cells contain MBP. Mast cells were preserved in Carnoy's fixative and were identified by staining with rhodamine-conjugated avidin or for chloroacetate esterase or aminocaproate esterase activity. MBP was localized by immunofluorescence to mast cells in 6 of 7 nasal polyps, 4 of 4 ileal tissue specimens, and 12 of 14 cutaneous mastocytosis specimens. Furthermore, by immunoelectron microscopy MBP was localized to mast cell granules in cutaneous mastocytosis lesions. In contrast, normal skin mast cells preserved in Carnoy's fixative did not contain MBP. After injection of MBP into normal skin and fixation in Carnoy's fluid, mast cells became MBP-positive within 3 minutes, suggesting that endocytosis of MBP by mast cells had occurred. These results suggest that human mast cells in several tissues may sequester toxic eosinophil proteins by endocytosis.

Blood Proteins↗

PubMed1990

Growth and differentiation of a murine interleukin-3-producing myelomonocytic leukemia cell line in a protein-free chemically defined medium.

We established the continuous growth of WEHI-3B D+ cells in protein-free chemically defined F-12 medium by stepwise decreases in the concentration of fetal calf serum. This cell line, designated as WEHI-3B-Y1, has now been propagated in protein-free F-12 medium for 3 years. The population-doubling time of the cells in culture is about 24 hr. WEHI-3B-Y1 cells are immature undifferentiated cells which show positive staining for naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase and spontaneously exhibit a low level of differentiation to mature granulocytes and macrophages. Medium conditioned by WEHI-3B-Y1 cells stimulated the proliferation of an interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent FDCP-2 cell line. This conditioned medium was shown to have erythroid burst-promoting activity when assayed using normal murine bone marrow. The colony formation of WEHI-3B-Y1 cells in semi-solid agar culture was not stimulated by purified recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). However, in the presence of human transferrin, rhG-CSF enhanced the number of colonies of WEHI-3B-Y1 cells but did not induce their differentiation. These results suggest that WEHI-3B-Y1 cells cultured in protein-free medium produced murine IL-3. In addition, human G-CSF enhanced the clonal growth but did not induce the differentiation of WEHI-3B-Y1 cells cultured in serum-free medium.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[A transplantable myeloid hamster leukemia with high peripheral leukocyte counts and C-particles. II. Histology and cytochemistry (author's transl)].

Results on morphologic and hematologic characterization of a hamster leukemia capable of both cellular and cellfree transmission are described. Solid tumors removed in the course of several passages of leukemia animals, after producing blood smears, and spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus, kidney and lung were investigated histologically and histochemically. The morphological picture of the hamster leukemia has not changed during several transplantation generations. In addition to solid tumours, typical leukemic infiltration were detected histologically in spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, kidneys and lung. No leukemic proliferation was noticed in the thymus. The final stage of the disease is characterized by an abrupt occurrence of high leukemic cell counts. The demonstration of alkaline phosphatase, but especially of naphtol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase, in the leukemic cells is interpreted as indicating malignization of cells of the granulocytic line.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal eosinophils: a case report with multi-modality diagnostic work-up.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with recurrent genetic abnormalities often carries a favorable prognosis. AML with inv(16)(p13q22) occurs predominantly in younger patients and usually shows granulocytic and monocytic differentiation with abnormal eosinophils. It is referred to as acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal eosinophils (AMML Eo). We report a case in a 27-year-old man with leukocytosis (10.6 x 10(3)/microL with 34% blasts), thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly. Marrow aspiration showed 47% blasts and 33% eosinophils, of which 19% were morphologically abnormal with both eosinophilic and basophilic cytoplasmic granules. Cytochemically, the blasts were positive for myeloperoxidase while the granules of abnormal eosinophils were positive for naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase. With flow cytometric immunophenotyping the blasts expressed CD13, CD33, CD117, myeloperoxidase and CD34. Marrow trephine showed 90% cellularity with 40% blasts expressing CD34, CD117, and myeloperoxidase on immunohistochemistry. Chromosomal analysis reveled a karyotype of 46, XY, inv(16)(p13q22). This case illustrates a typical AMML Eo confirmed by a multi-modality diagnostic approach including morphology, cytochemistry, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and conventional cytogenetic study.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Primary myelofibrosis transforming into multiple subcutaneous monoblastoma--a case report].

A 83-year-old man was diagnosed with primary myelofibrosis based on the presence of leukoerythroblastosis, splenomegaly, chromosome 46 XY, a dry tap bone marrow aspiration and fibrosis on bone marrow biopsy, when he was admitted for herpes zoster in June 1987. He was admitted for a second time with multiple subcutaneous tumors over his entire body in July, 1989. He had mild splenomegaly, but no hepatomegaly nor lymphadenopathy. Laboratory tests were as follows: RBC 214 x 10(4)/microliters, Hb 5.1 g/dl, Ht 17.7%, WBC 3,200/microliters with leukoerythroblastosis, platelets 11.6 x 10(4)/microliters, s-lysozyme 251 micrograms/ml, u-lysozyme 770 micrograms/ml, NAP ratio 98%, score 278. Bone marrow aspiration resulted in a dry tap. Bone marrow biopsy showed marked fibrosis. Histologic examination of subcutaneous tumor biopsy specimens revealed a diffuse infiltration of monocytes with flexuous nuclei. These cells were positive for alpha-naphtyl butyrate esterase stain, and negative for peroxidase, alpha-naphtol ASD chloroacetate esterase stain and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa stain (APAAP). Ultrastructurally, these cells were mostly monocytes and promonocytes, while phenotypically, CD11b, CD13, CD14, CD33 and HLA-DR were positive. These date indicated that the subcutaneous tumors originated from monocytes.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[Depletion of O6-alkylguanine alkyltransferase and chromosome damage induced by cisplatin, ning xin platin and carboplatin].

O6-Alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase (O6-AGT) is a very important DNA repair protein known to carry out the transfer of alkyl groups from the O6 position of guanine in alkylated DNA to a cysteine acceptor site contained within its own protein sequence. In this work, the activity of O6-AGT in different cell lines and the relationship between the depletion of the enzyme and the frequency of micronuclei induced by cisplatin (DDP), Ning Xin platin (camphoramine chloroacetic platinum, CCP) or carboplatin (JM-8) in KB and CHL cells were studied. Experiments indicate that KB cells showed higher O6-AGT activity (greater than 400 dpm/300 micrograms protein extracts) which belonged to Mer+ cells, but CHL, HL-60 and L1210 cells showed very low O6-AGT activity (less than 50 dpm/300 micrograms protein extracts) which can be considered to be Mer- cells. Cytotoxicity studies indicated that no mer- selection was observed in these platinum complexes for KB, HL-60, CHL and L1210 cells. However, a good relationship between the depletion of O6-AGT and the frequency of micronuclei induced by the platinum complexes was obtained. CCP caused the highest depletion of the enzyme and exhibited highest potency in damaging chromosome.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Synthesis of certain 2-aminoadamantane derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents.

1-(2-Adamantyl-3-(5-arylhydrazono-6-methyl-4-oxopyrimidin -2-yl)guanidines, 2-(2-adamantylamino)-4-amino-s-triazine and its 6-chloromethyl derivative were prepared by cyclization of 1-(2-adamantyl)biguanide.HCl with ethyl 2-arylhydrazono-3-oxobutyrates, ethyl formate and ethyl chloroacetate, respectively. 1-(2-damantyl)-3-(4,5-dioxo-2-imidazolidinylidene)guanidine was used as intermediate for the synthesis of amides, hydrazide and azomethine derivatives of alkyl 2-(2-adamantylamino)-4-amino-s-triazine-6-carboxylates. The antimicrobial testing of the prepared compounds proved that an azomethine derivative was the most active. It showed a marked bacteriostatic effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.

Adamantane↗

PubMed1991

Human monoblastoid cell line U-937 cultured in protein-free medium: immunophenotype, cytochemical and biochemical markers.

Human monoblastoid cell line U-937 was adapted to grow in protein-free (protein-free hybridoma--PFH) medium and cloned by limiting dilution. Resulting cell subline (U-937/PF) cultured in protein-free medium was characterized by immunological, cytochemical and biochemical techniques. There were no major differences in immunophenotype (determined by FACS analysis with monoclonal antibodies directed to HLA and CD antigens) and cytochemical markers between the U-937/PF cells cultured in protein-free cell culture medium and parental U-937 cell cultured in serum-supplemented medium. Maximal cell density was slightly decreased in protein-free culture as compared to the parental cell line in FCS-supplemented medium. Cell viability and cell DNA histograms (determined by propidium iodide cytofluorimetry) showed no major differences between parental U-937 and U-937/PF cells. Phorbol ester (TPA)-induction of differentiation-associated cell markers resulted in a proliferation arrest and accumulation of G0/G1 cells in both sublines. All-trans retinoic acid and, to a lesser extent, TPA-stimulated NBT reduction was higher in parental U-937 cells cultured in serum-supplemented medium as compared to U-937/PF cells. Quantitative differences in the expression and inducibility of some cytochemical markers (beta-glucuronidase, chloroacetate esterase) were found between both examined sublines. Described U-937/PF subline cultured in a protein-free cell culture medium (PFH) appeared as a potential tool for studies of in vitro inducing agents and serum components with differentiation promoting (or inhibiting) activities.

Acid Phosphatase↗