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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of monoamines in the cestode Diphyllobothrium dendriticum.

The presence of biogene monoamines in adult and larval Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda) was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED). The biogene amines serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), and adrenaline (A) as well as many of their precursors and metabolites, comprising a total of 15 different substances, were analyzed. 5-HT, DOPA, DA, NA, and A were detected in the worm, with 5-HT, DOPA, and DA being the dominating amines. The DA metabolites DOPAC and 3-MT or the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan could not be detected, but two unidentified substances, believed to be catecholic, were present in the worm. A high concentration of DOPA was measured in the proglottids and especially in the eggs. This is the first report of A in a flatworm.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The effect of dimethylsulfoxide on the tegumental brush border of the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), commonly used for cryoprotection or for the solvation of cytoskeleton-modifying drugs, causes changes in the topology of the plasma membrane of the tegumental brush border in the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta; however, relatively long exposures of high concentrations are required. In tapeworms treated with DMSO concentrations of greater than or equal to 1% in the present study, the interaction of the tegumental surface membrane with the underlying cytoskeleton may have been disrupted at focal points in the brush border, resulting in a partial loss of the membrane anchoring required for the structural integrity of the brush border. Blebbing of the tegumental surface was prominent only after exposure to 1% DMSO for 20 h in in vitro culture with RPMI 1640, and vesiculation of the membrane along the microvillar (microtriche) shafts, which may have been related to the in vitro conditions, was amplified by the presence of concentrations of greater than or equal to 1% DMSO in the incubation medium. The tegumental response to DMSO was not uniform but regional, consistently appearing to be more prevalent on the distal aspects of each proglottid rather than on the edge proximal to the scolex. Blebbing and vesiculation were not seen on the basal aspect of the tegument, including the basal ectocytoplasmic plasma membrane, the perikarya, and the internuncial processes. Microvillar core bundles of actin microfilaments persisted following 8 h in vitro exposure to all three concentrations of DMSO tested (0.1%, 1%, 5%); however, only in tapeworms that were treated in vitro with 5% DMSO for greater than or equal to 8 h did core microfilament bundles appear to lose the rigidly straight and parallel organization characteristic of control tapeworms that were incubated either in the absence of DMSO or with 0.1% DMSO. Other components of the brush border cytoskeleton (i.e., microvillar caps, junctional tubules, and tunics) appeared unaffected by DMSO except at foci where blebbing occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

An acute dose of monosodium L-glutamate causes decreased fecundity and enhanced loss of the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta from rats.

A method for the rapid quantitative analysis of eggs in the feces of rats infested with Hymenolepis diminuta is described. In one experiment, eggs in the feces of individual rats were monitored for 8 days. Rats were provided with 1 ml saline vehicle or with 0.1 or 1 g monosodium glutamate (MSG) by stomach tube and egg production was monitored. Egg production decreased in saline vehicle-treated rats, but the decrease was significantly greater in the group treated with 1 g MSG. There was no significant change in fecal mass output from rats with different treatments. The number of worms harbored by rats treated with 1 g MSG was significantly lower than those of saline control-treated rats. In another experiment, neither anesthesia alone nor anesthesia with 1 g sucrose significantly reduced egg output as compared with that observed in untreated rats. Therefore, MSG has a significant negative effect on both the fecundity of H. diminuta and the numbers of worms harbored by rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Anthelmintic efficacy of Flemingia vestita (Fabaceae): alteration in the activities of some glycolytic enzymes in the cestode, Raillietina echinobothrida.

The crude root-peel extract of Flemingia vestita, genistein and praziquantel were tested against some selected glycolytic enzymes--hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and malic enzyme (ME)--of the fowl tape worm, Raillietina echinobothrida. Following exposure to the various treatments, the activities of HK, PFK, PEPCK and LDH increased by 33-39%, 41-125%, 44-49% and 55-67%, respectively, and that of PK decreased by 14-26% in the parasite at the time of paralysis. The MDH and ME activities of the tissue homogenate were also found to be higher by 22-43% and 28-59%, respectively, in the treatments. However, whereas the activity of both cytosolic and mitochondrial MDH increased by 33-58% and 43-73%, respectively, the cytosolic ME activity showed an increase of 33-39%, and there was no significant enhancement in the mitochondrial ME activity. Histochemically, the enhancement in the activities of HK, LDH and MDH was clearly discernible. The enhanced glycolytic activity seems to be a function of anthelmintic stress caused by the phytochemicals.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Genetic diversity in the trypanorhynch cestode Tentacularia coryphaenae Bosc, 1797: evidence for a cosmopolitan distribution and low host specificity in the teleost intermediate host.

Partial large subunit (28S) rRNA gene (LSU) sequences were studied from Tentacularia coryphaenae (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) plerocercoids from the southern Java coast, Indonesia, collected from two different localities and five different host species. The teleost hosts belonged to four fish families with an overlapping depth range of 0-885 m. The LSU sequences were identical, demonstrating that all specimens belonged to the same species. They also corresponded to a sequence of T. coryphaenae from the Blue shark Prionace glauca in the North Atlantic, giving genetic evidence for the cosmopolitan distribution of the species. A 1,851 bp region of mitochondrial (mt) DNA (coding for partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1), complete trnT and partial 16S ribosomal RNA) showed a very low level of intra-specific variation of 1%. Pairwise comparisons of published sequences for partial LSU rDNA and the same region of mtDNA demonstrated that the same regions varied by 8% in the mtDNA for two genotypes (G1 and G4) of Echinococcus granulosus (order Cyclophyllidea), at 16% in newly sequenced Kotorella pronosoma from the same trypanorhynch family and at 23% in Grillotia pristiophori from a different superfamily. The high genetic homogeneity in T. coryphaenae is explained by a constant gene flow between different regions and hosts along the Indonesian coast caused by extensive migrations of the second intermediate/paratenic and also the final hosts. Implications for the zoogeographical distribution, host specificity of the species and future research are discussed.

Animals↗