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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The calcaneus of Australopithecus afarensis and its implications for the evolution of bipedality.

Calcanei from African apes, modern humans, and Australopithecus afarensis are compared to investigate the anatomical and mechanical changes that occurred in this bone as a result of the transition to terrestrial bipedality. Features analyzed include the cross-sectional area and volume of the calcaneal tuber, the geometry and orientation of the articular surfaces, and the surface topography of the calcaneal corpus. Calcaneal morphology is unequivocal in its partitioning of quadrupedal pongids and bipedal hominids.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Brief communication: estimation of adult stature from the calcaneus and talus.

Calcanei and tali of 100 skeletons in the Hamann-Todd Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History were measured. The skeletons represented 50 males and 50 females distributed equally by race, i.e., whites and blacks. Linear-regression equations, with standard errors ranging from 4.09 to 6.11 cm, were derived from these measurements for the purpose of estimating stature. Two independent control samples, including one comprised of remains of American servicemen lost in World War II and the Korea and Vietnam wars, were tested with relatively accurate results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A rare case of juxtaarticular osteoid osteoma of the calcaneus initially misdiagnosed as juvenile chronic arthritis.

Juxtaarticular osteoid osteoma is frequently misdiagnosed because the symptoms may mimic arthritis, and radiographs may not be characteristic. A rare case of subtalar pain lasting 5 years in a female teenager is presented here. The initial diagnosis was monarticular juvenile chronic arthritis. Family history was misleading because her mother had rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Age-associated changes in ultrasound measurements of the calcaneus in men and women: the Rotterdam Study.

Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) of the os calcis were measured in a sample of 1405 persons (628 men), aged 55-93 years, from the cohort of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based study of diseases in the elderly. We studied the effect of age, body mass index, age at menopause, current use of thiazides, loop diuretics, and estrogens, smoking, and disability on SOS and BUA. Comparisons were made between ultrasound measurements and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the lumbar spine and proximal femur using DXA. We found a significant decline with age in SOS and BUA in men (-0.4 and -0.1 %/year, respectively) and women (-1.3 and -0.4%/year, respectively), which persisted after adjustment for body mass index. Age at menopause was not associated with SOS or BUA. Pack-years of smoking was negatively related to SOS in both sexes and to BUA in men. Severe disability was associated with lower SOS and BUA in men, but not in women. Despite the small number of exposed persons, current corticosteroid use was associated with lower BUA in men. The other risk factors examined did not affect the ultrasound measurements. We observed modest correlations between SOS or BUA, on the one hand, and BMD of the lumbar spine, on the other hand (r = 0.32-0.42). Similar correlations were found between ultrasound measurements and BMD measurements of the proximal femur. We conclude that in persons 55 years or over (1) there is a significant age-related decline of BUA and SOS, which is about three times higher in women compared with men, and (2) ultrasound measurements are not able to predict low BMD in hip or spine.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1985

[Statistical study of a series of 355 subtalar fractures of the calcaneus. Therapeutic conclusions].

A retrospective study has been made of 355 fractures of the os calcis involving the subtalar joint in order to determine the best method of treatment. A rating system was used to assess the different types of injury. The results were correlated with the pattern of depression of the posterior articular surface, the quality of restoration of this surface and the type of trauma. We conclude that Duparc Stage V fractures require reconstruction/arthrodesis (the Stulz proceedure). Duparc Stage I fractures, and Stage III or IV with grade I depression, should be treated conservatively with early mobilisation. Stage III or IV fractures with grade II or III depression require operation in order to restore and maintain a congruent posterior joint surface to allow early mobilisation.

Accidents, Occupational↗