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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

A radiological evaluation of allografts (ethylene oxide sterilized cadaver bone) and autografts in anterior cervical fusion.

Serial roentgenograms of 40 patients who had 70 cervical intervertebral spaces grafted with ethylene oxide sterilized cadaver bone and 28 patients who received 44 iliac crest auto grafts for anterior cervical spine fusion, were studied. The radiological evaluation was made on the basis of settlement of intervertebral spaces, fusion rate, delayed union, non-union, graft collapse and extrusion of the graft. Indigenous methodologies were designed for the assessment of settlement of grafted intervertebral spaces in percentage. Disc space settlement was more common in autografts (93% cases) than in allografts (80% cases). The average percentage of settlement of intervertebral disc space (S%) was 22 in autografts and 28 in allografts during the first four months. By the end of eight months, allograft disc spaces settle more. No significant difference was noted in fusion rate at the end of one year viz. allografts (90% cases) and autografts (93% cases). Autograft and allograft (ethylene oxide sterilized cadaver bone) are equally useful in anterior cervical spine fusions.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of the weather conditions on process of temperature changes of cadaver in diagnostics of the time of death].

The impact exerted by weather conditions on the changing cadaver temperature (CCT) is described in the paper. Various meteorological phenomena influence the cadaver as an open thermodynamic system, which affects the accuracy of death prescription (DP). A variety of such impacts are described; trends for further elaboration of algorithms, which account for the environmental factors in mathematical modeling of CCD for the purpose of a more accurate DP diagnosis, are defined.

Body Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The specificity of thermometry of cadavers of newborns in prescribing the time of the coming of death].

It is distinctly demonstrated on the basis of 7908 measurements of rectal temperature of cadavers of newborns that such thermometry should be made at a depth of at least 5.5 cm in order to ensure an accurate prescription of the coming of death (PCD) in expertise of cadavers of newborns. An optimal method of calculating the sought results as applicable to different situations and made with the help of correction factors is described. The results of lifetime thermometry of 60 newborns are presented, which prove that the length of intrauterine life of a baby affects essentially its values. An accurate PCD of a newborn is a technical study result.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1991

Clinical implications of anomalous muscle insertion relative to jaw movement and mandibular dysfunction: the anterior belly of the digastric muscle in a cadaver.

This case report of an anomalous insertion of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle in a cadaver considers the components involved in mandibular movement as well as the radiologic changes that could be expected in asymmetric function of the temporomandibular joints. The occlusal scheme of the cadaver was noted and, after transcranial radiographs were taken, both joints were anatomically dissected. While the left condyle-disc relationship appeared normal and properly approximated, the right joint (which was assumed to be translating in an anterior, inferior, and medial direction on each opening, ie, left lateral deviation) was found to have a complete articular disc perforation with severe bony erosion and condylar spicule formation. These findings may shed some light on dyskinesia diagnosis and treatment outcome; ie (1) what degree occlusally related etiologies may be affixed to individuals with aberrant mandibular movement, (2) why many diagnosed cases of mandibular dysfunction continue following irreversible dental restorative treatment via augmentation of the existing "malocclusion," and (3) what may be the clinical implications of or limitations inherent in the use of jaw-tracking devices in the diagnosis and interpretation of dyskinetic movement in the presence of aberrant muscle attachments.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation using a semiconductor diode laser in cadaver eyes.

We studied the effectiveness of semiconductor diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in cadaver eyes using the Miyake technique and light microscopy. Thermal lesions in the ciliary processes were induced with 0.7-second, 1200-mW, and 100- to 500-microns applications, 0.5 mm from the surgical limbus and defocused 1 mm posteriorly. An effective ciliary body reaction was observed grossly as tissue blanching, shrinkage, and pigment dispersion; and histologically, as coagulation necrosis and epithelial cell disruption. No damage to crystalline or intraocular lenses was evident. This successful application of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in cadaver eyes suggests that it may prove useful in treating patients with glaucoma.

Ciliary Body↗
PubMed1990

[Degeneration of articular cartilage of the ankle in cadavers studied by gross and radiographic examinations].

Eighty-two joints out of 41 cadavers were studied grossly in order to evaluate degenerative changes in talocrural articular cartilage with age. Cartilage degeneration was seen in 97.6% of joints. Cartilage degeneration associated with cartilage defects were seen at the age of 50 years. Thereafter, the severity of degeneration became more marked with aging. This severe cartilage degeneration was mainly found in medial and anterior regions in the talocrural joints. The anterior tibiofibular, deltoid, calcaneofibular and anterior talofibular ligaments of 40 joints of out 20 cadavers were grossly studied in order to establish the relationship between the degree of degeneration of these ligaments and that of articular cartilage. Grossly severe degeneration was present only in the anterior talofibular ligaments of 2 joints. Both joints presented severe cartilage degeneration in the medial region of the talocrural joint. Severe cartilage degeneration was present in 7 out of 30 joints (23%) whose ligaments were apparently normal upon gross observation. These cartilage degenerations were present in the medial and anterior regions of the talocrural joints.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Clinical and panoramic assessment of marginal bone loss. A cadaver study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of panoramic tomography for the assessment of marginal alveolar bone loss. The study was conducted with 20 human cadavers, in relation to 123 of their teeth. Panoramic tomograms of the cadaver dentitions were taken using a Zonarc radiographic apparatus. Root lengths and bone losses were measured mesially and distally from the panoramic tomograms. Bone loss was also measured by surgical exposure of the marginal bone. Root length was also measured after extraction of the tooth. After allowing for the vertical magnification, radiographic bone loss values were found to be about 0.8 mm (27%) less than clinical values. This difference was statistically significant only in the incisor area. It was almost significant in the premolar region. It is therefore concluded that panoramic tomography is sufficiently reliable for clinical assessment of alveolar bone loss but that the bottom of periodontal pockets always tends to be somewhat deeper than the radiographically visible defect.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of human long-term bone marrow cultures (HLTBMCs) established from fresh and post-cryopreservation bone marrow samples from living and cadaver donors.

Human long-term bone marrow cultures (HLTBMCs) were established from thawed post-cryopreservation, as well as from cadaver donor bone marrow (BM) samples. The longevity was similar in the different series of HLTBMCs examined. CFU-GM could be cultured out of cadaver donor BM. This indicates that previously healthy people, under the conditions generally accepted as suitable for organ donation, could become suitable donors for allogeneic BM transplantation.

Bone Marrow Cells↗
PubMed1979

Microscopic and submicroscopic studies on the peripheral nerve and the skeletal muscle of the female. cadaver found in the Han Tomb No.1.

The present paper deals with the microscopic and submicroscopic structures of the peripheral nerve of the lumbar plexus and the skeletal muscle of the m. psoas major of the ancient female cadaver buried about 2100 years ago, which was excavated from the Han Tomb No. 1 at Mawangdui (Mawangtui) near Changsha, Hunan Province. The connective tissues in the peripheral nerve and the skeletal muscle of the ancient cadaver were found well preserved. Under the electron microscope were observed the characteristic periodic bands of the collagenous fibrils as well as some axons and degenerated myelin sheath in the lumbar plexus. And in some of the better preserved nerve fibers, their axons and myelin sheaths are readily discernible. In the m. psoas major, cross striations are clearly visible in some muscle fibers. The remains of a blood vessel with only their connective tissues left were observed in the nerve of the lumbar plexus. Bacterial spores appeared in the two tissues.

China↗
PubMed1994

[Mapping of face and extremity skin cleavage lines in Chinese adult cadavers].

On fresh Chinese adult cadavers, which were obtained within 6 hours of sudden death, multiple skin holes of 1 cm apart were made with a conical steel punch of a diameter of 5 mm. Chinese ink was dipped into the wounds, which presently appeared to be rhomboid slits. Mapping of the directions of these rhomboid slits gave rise to cleavage lines of that area. This paper presents the skin cleavage lines of the face and extremities in Chinese adult cadavers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Determination of remoxipride in cadaver blood using high pressure liquid chromatography].

The suitability of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for determining remoxipride levels in cadaver blood was tested in a case of possible remoxipride intoxication. Level in our case was found to be lower than in cases of remoxipride poisoning described in the literature. The procedure developed for using HPLC to measure remoxipride levels in cadaver blood is described in detail. Using this method a distinction could be made between remoxipride and sulpiride.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arcuate keratotomy for the correction of spherical hyperopia in human cadaver eyes.

BACKGROUND: A new experimental surgical technique to correct spherical hyperopia by steepening of the central corneal curvature was performed on human cadaver eyes. METHODS: Ten eyes were used in the study. All were pretreated with glycerin to ensure a uniform corneal thickness between .55 and .65 mm on ultrasonic pachometry. A constant intraocular pressure of approximately 30 to 40 mm Hg was maintained in each eye by the injection of saline into the vitreous cavity. This was verified by pneumotonometry. A vertical blade diamond knife was set at 100% of the thinnest of four paracentral readings. Each eye underwent preoperative computed topography. One set of five eyes had 12 incisions made following a 5.75-millimeter diameter Mendez hexagonal marker that included unconnected T incisions at each junction (ie, "Hex T" pattern). The other set of five eyes had four arcuate incisions made following a 6-millimeter diameter zone marker; each incision was 60 degrees in arc. Immediately after surgery, computed topography was repeated. RESULTS: The hexagonal keratotomy set of eyes had an average steepening of the cornea of 0.80 D with a range of -1.05 to + 4.38 D. The arcuate keratotomy set had an average steepening of +2.12 D with a range of +1.27 to +3.27 D. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests arcuate keratotomy may be a more effective procedure in the correction of spherical hyperopia when compared with hexagonal keratotomy. The amount of corneal steepening achieved in a cadaver eye model may not be the same as when performed in vivo.

Cornea↗
PubMed1996

Photoablative Nd: YAG-laser goniotomy enhancing trabecular outflow facility in porcine cadaver eyes.

Mid-infrared laser technology opens new perspectives in experimental glaucoma surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effectiveness of photoablative Nd: YAG-laser goniotomy in increasing trabecular outflow facility as a surgical alternative to conventional goniotomy. Eye cups of 19 freshly enucleated porcine cadaver eyes were fixed in an anterior-segment perfusion system, and outflow facility was measured under constant pressure conditions (7-13 mmHg) over a period of 45 min. Trabecular laser goniotomy was performed using a continuous-wave Nd: YAG (1.06 microns) laser. Radiation (1.8 J) was delivered in several pulses (200 microns) through an articulated delivery system. Photoablative Nd:YAG-laser treatment yielded reproducible ablation zones, with the depths varying between 600 and 750 microns. Collateral thermal damage extended to a depth of 130-260 microns. Outflow facility measurements revealed an increase (mean +/- SD) from the baseline value of 0.128 +/- 0.041 microlitter mm Hg-1 in control eyes (n = 11) to 0.366 +/- 0.128 microlitter min-1 mm Hg-1 in treated ones (n = 8). Application of photoablative Nd: YAG-laser goniotomy yielded reproducible ablation zones within the anterior-chamber angle, resulting in a significant reduction (72%) in outflow resistance in perfused anterior segments of freshly enucleated porcine cadaver eyes. Contact low-thermal laser goniotomy might offer a feasible alternative to surgical goniotomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Peroneal nerve dysfunction after high tibial osteotomy. An anatomical cadaver study.

An anatomical cadaver study was carried out on 13 human cadavers to disclose the close anatomical relationship between the peroneal nerve and the surgical area of the high tibial osteotomy techniques. The common peroneal nerve passes within 3 to 6 mm. of the posterior aspect of the fibular head and neck and divides into its superficial and deep branches, 22 to 28 mm. distal to the fibular apex. Generally the extensor hallucis longus (EHL) muscle is innervated by one of the motor branches of the deep peroneal nerve which is anatomically located 74 to 82 mm. distal to the fibular apex. To avoid neurological complications with a high tibial osteotomy, fibular osteotomy should be carried out at the junction of the middle and distal thirds of the fibula without excessive medial and anterior displacement of fragments; a small fibular segment should be resected in knees which have a severe deformity and need a significant angle correction.

Fibula↗
PubMed1998

Effect of three types of half-limb casts on in vitro bone strain recorded from the third metacarpal bone and proximal phalanx in equine cadaver limbs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine effect of 3 half-limb casts on bone strains recorded from the proximal phalanx (P-1) and third metacarpal bone (MCIII) of equine cadaver limbs, using a mechanical testing machine. ANIMALS: 12 equine cadaver limbs and 4 live horses. PROCEDURE: Bone strains were recorded at middorsal P-1 and the dorsal cortical aspect of the distal third of MCIII while limbs were variably loaded with 100 to 1,000 lb of force. To determine ability of the cast to protect the distal portion of the limb from weight-bearing loads, strains were recorded with the limb in 1 of the 3 casts and with it unsupported. To determine cast-induced discomfort, weight-supporting and transfixation pin casts were evaluated on 2 live horses RESULTS: All 3 casts significantly reduced bone strain at P-1. Significant differences were observed: mean 61% reduction for the standard half-limb cast, 84% for the transfixation pin cast, and 97% for the weight-supporting cast at weight-bearing force of 500 lb. Only the weight-supporting cast significantly reduced strains recorded from MCIII. The weight-supporting cast was not well tolerated by 2 live horses. CONCLUSIONS: The 3 casts significantly reduced transfer of weight-bearing forces to the distal portion of the limb. The weight-supporting cast effectively reduced strain on the P-1 to near 0, but was well tolerated by live horses. The transfixation pin cast reduced strain on the P-1 by > 80% at weight-bearing loads of 500 lb, and live horses were comfortable. Standard half-limb casts significantly reduced strains on the P-1, but to a lesser degree than did other casts.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Histologic effect of diode laser sclerostomy in human cadaver eyes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study tissue effects and thresholds of efficacy in producing a full-thickness scleral fistula in human eyes obtained from cadavers. The effect of laser sclerostomies created with indocyanine green (ICG) was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ab externo laser sclerostomies were produced in 12 fresh human eyes obtained from cadavers using a 200-micron diameter fiber optic connected to a diode laser system. Power settings were 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, and 2000 mW with a constant duration of 100 and 200 ms. The same diode laser settings were repeated in the tissues injected with ICG. RESULTS: The laser sclerostomies were associated with heat coagulation damage adjacent to the burn margins, with disruption of stromal collagen. Tissue damage was greater at higher power and longer duration. Scleral injection of ICG prior to laser sclerostomy did not enhance laser penetration. CONCLUSION: The diode laser can create a sclerostomy in human sclera with an optimum level of 1500 mW and 100 ms. ICG did not significantly enhance the ease of penetration or reduce the association thermal damage to the sclera.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1998

Simple methods of forced oral opening for cadavers oriented to causes of fixed jaw.

Forensic dentistry plays an essential role in personal identification procedures. An adequate interincisal space of relatively fresh cadavers would be required to obtain detailed dental findings. We developed novel and simple procedures of oral opening which are oriented to the causes of the fixed jaw and conscious of facial damage. Preliminary inspection disclosed three causes of the difficulty of oral opening, namely exceptional drying or parchmenting, rigor mortis and loss of extensibility of the temporalis muscles. Tenotomy on the temporalis muscles for cases with the last two factors, and/or mandibular periosteal stripping for those with the first one were employed to approach the oral cavity of cadavers, and a desired degree of interincisal opening was attained. Single or combinational operation of these methods is definitely effective to obtain odontological data without altering facial configuration.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1964

CADAVER RENAL HOMOTRANSPLANTS: INITIAL EXPERIENCES.

Four renal homotransplants were carried out between cadaver donors and four recipients, all of whom were in terminal chronic renal failure. Immune suppression was attempted with azathioprine (Imuran), actinomycin C and prednisone; no radiation was used, nor were the recipient's kidneys, spleen or thymus removed. One patient died with disseminated histoplasmosis at two weeks; another with irreversible homograft rejection at 30 days; a third patient died of septicemia after 9(1/2) weeks with stable renal function. The fourth patient, whose transplant had been ischemic for 190 minutes and had not functioned for 2(1/2) weeks thereafter, eventually achieved good function which remained unchanged to 7(1/2) months. Changes in urinary enzyme excretion and in the I(131) renogram and meralluride scan were of value in assessing homograft rejection.

Azathioprine↗