Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Back Muscles”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[The chemical shift imaging of liver].

Tissue characterization of different pathologies of the liver can be achieved by differences of relaxation time on changing of pulse sequences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The usefulness of MRI for detection of liver disease is limited when the pathological change is subtle. Chemical shift is a fundamental characteristics in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Chemical shift imaging (CSI) in MRI is based on the different Larmor frequency of proton in water and fat; and therefore it was able to enhance the effectiveness of pathology. For this study, Dixon's method was used to detect liver pathologies and compare its detectability with conventional pulse sequences. Forty cases were enrolled for study; they included 5 health volunteers, 15 hepatomas, 1 cholangiocarcinoma, 5 metastatic hepatic tumors and 14 fatty livers. In hepatic tumors, the lesion number, tumor margination and lesion-to-liver contrast in images were read and analyzed. Signal intensities, signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were compared, after measurement, from stored data. In fatty livers, the relative change of signal intensities in different areas of the liver in in-phase and out-phase images were compared with the back muscle and spleen to find where the fatty metamorphosis happened. CSI in spin echo or gradient echo pulse sequences was found to be adequate and valuable for detecting fatty liver, when compared with conventional MRI. CSI not only identified the extension of disease itself but also characterized the fatty change in liver parenchyma. Though CSI affords no further advantages than conventional pulse sequences for detection of hepatic tumors, occasionally, when the image quality of the conventional pulse sequences is not satisfactory or equivocal in lesion detection, the use of CSI might be attempted.

Fatty Liver↗
PubMed1996

[Double-cross repair in spinal hernias in children].

The double-cross plasty with preservation of tunics and placement their edges under the back muscles has been developed and clinically used in 31 cases for prevention of hydrocephalus and firm defect closing in patients with spinal hernia. Muscular-fascial plasty has been used in 84 patients of the control group. Ultrasound examination of hernia sac and the brain itself has been done prior to the surgery. The histological analyses of hernia sac's wall has been done to determine the optimal age for performing surgery. According to the results of the study this age is 10 days, 4, 6 and 8 months. Tunics are more firm and well vascularize to these times. In elder patients the tunics will vascularize to these times. In elder patients the tunics will scar and that will cause disorders of haemo-liquor circulation. According to the results of clinical cases this method may be recommended for clinical use because of hydrocephalus stabilization.

Child↗
PubMed1996

[An interstitial miniature antenna for localized in vivo P-31 MR spectroscopy].

BACKGROUND: Phosphorus spectroscopy can be used to assess response in tumor therapy and to monitor response. An additional response parameter would be useful for individualization in oncological therapy. Methodical problems of localisation and contamination make it more difficult to interpret and reproduce the spectra. Interstitial and endoluminal spectroscopy antennas placed directly within or close to the tumor could provide help in this problem. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We developed an interstitial 31P MRS antenna together with a tuning network which can be used in thermometry catheters for hyperthermia within an internal lumen of 1.1 mm in diameter. A prototype of this type of miniature antenna suitable for use in Siemens MRI scanners at 1.5 T was described spectroscopically with regard to excitation profile, range and SNR. RESULTS: In terms of quality, the excitation profiles of the interstitial antennas in relation to orientation correspond to those of comparable but considerably larger endocavitary antennas and catheter coils for MR imaging and spectroscopy. Maximum sensitivity was achieved by aligning the coil normal perpendicular to the B0 field. Signal losses of up to 50% have to be reckoned with when using other orientations. The maximum range of the interstitial antenna was determined using spectroscopy and was found to be 5 mm, i.e. 9 times coil radius. The sensitivity (SNR, detection sensitivity) of the studied type of interstitial antenna allows in vivo 31P spectroscopy to be performed despite the unusually low axial dimension (coil radius r = 0.55 mm). The prototype of the described interstitial antenna was used to measure an in vivo spectrum from the back muscle of a rabbit in 10 min. Nevertheless, the detection volume of at least some ml necessary for 31P spectroscopy results mainly from the large antenna length. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity (SNR, detection sensitivity) of the interstitial antenna needs to be further improved in order to assess treatment response in patients. However, the construction principle is suitable for intracavitary 31P spectroscopy antenna with larger diameters, which can be used for advanced rectal, cervical and prostate carcinomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effects of an ashed (MEND) powder on deep wound healing: a preliminary study in guinea pigs.

This case control experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of an ashed powder (code-named MEND) on deep wound healing. A total of twelve guinea pigs (six in the experimental group and six in the control group) were used for the study. Square-shaped cutaneous wounds measuring approximately 2.5cmx2.5cm and extending to the fascia covering the back muscles were induced in the lumbar regions of the twelve guinea pigs. One gram of MEND was applied daily to the wound of each of the six animals in the experimental group. Nothing was applied to the wounds of the six animals in the control group. All 12 wounds were traced on transparent paper daily for 20 days. Later on, wound areas were obtained with the aid of a graph paper by counting the number of square millimetres within the traced areas. The time it took for the wounds to be covered by connective tissue matrix and the rate of reduction of wound areas were determined. By day 5 of the experiment, each experimental wound was covered by a thick hard layer of connective tissue. The wound area measurements showed a significant difference between the two groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.000126 at p = 0.05). This difference was more marked in the collagen synthesis phase of deep wound healing. It was concluded that since deep wounds heal in a similar way to chronic skin ulcers, it would appear that the ashed compound used in this study may have a role in the management of chronic skin ulcers. However, it needs to be analysed in detail and more experiments done before any extrapolations of its effects on human wounds can be made.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1999

Long-term sequential determination of behavioral ontogeny of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptor functions in the rat.

Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptors in rats produces hypothermia and a number of behaviors [hindleg abduction (HLA), lateral head-weaving (LHW), forepaw treading (FPT), flat body posture (FBP), rollover (RO), tremor (T), and straub tail (ST)] known collectively as the serotonin syndrome (SS). Stimulation of 5-HT2A receptors produces wet-dog shakes (WDS), whereas 5-HT2C sites induce back muscle contraction (BMC). We investigated the functional ontogeny of the cited receptors in rat pups on postnatal days (PD) 7, 14, 18, 22, 28, 35, 60, and 120 by using (1) the 5-HT1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin (0, 1.25, and 5 mg/kg) to induce the SS and hypothermia and (2) the 5-HT2A/C agonist (+/-)-1-(2, 5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (0, 0.5, and 4 mg/kg) to produce both WDS and BMC. The age of onset for most symptoms of SS [FBP, HLA, RO, and T] was the first week of life. They attained maximal intensities at ages 7 to 14 days, after which their maxima either reduced or dissipated to zero. Per contra, the onset of LHW and FPT required 14 to 18 days, and their maxima developed later. The onset of (+/-)-1-(2, 5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane-induced WDS occurred after PD 14, and by PD 18, it reached its maximal intensity, which persisted up to PD 60, after which it declined. The onset of BMC was evident on PD 28 and attained its maximal frequency at ages 90 to 120 days. The results show that different components of SS appear within 14 days of birth, but they mature differentially, whereas the hypothermic effect of 5-HT1A receptors remains relatively constant during aging. The times of onset and maturation of WDS were intermediate (between the second and third weeks of life), whereas BMC required 1 to 2 months for its appearance and maturation.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed2004

Prescription of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and muscle relaxants for back pain in the United States.

STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the 2000 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). OBJECTIVE.: To examine national prescription patterns of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and muscle relaxants among individuals with back pain in the United States. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There is a lack of information on national prescription patterns of NSAIDs and muscle relaxants among individuals with back pain in the United States. METHODS: Traditional NSAIDs, cyclooxygenase-2-specific (COX-2) inhibitors, and muscle relaxants were investigated. Individuals with back pain were stratified by socio-demographic characteristics and geographic regions. For each medication category, overall prescribing frequency was compared across different strata and individual drug prescription was analyzed. RESULTS: Traditional NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, and muscle relaxants, respectively, accounted for 16.3%, 10%, and 18.5% of total prescriptions for back pain in 2000. Among individual drugs, ibuprofen and naproxen accounted for most of the prescriptions for traditional NSAIDs (60%), whereas two thirds of the prescriptions for muscle relaxants were attributable to cyclobenzaprine, carisoprodol, and methocarbamol. Prescription of COX-2 inhibitors or muscle relaxants demonstrated wide variations across different regions. Several individual characteristics including age, race, and educational level were associated with the prescription of some of the medications. CONCLUSIONS: Neither traditional NSAIDs, nor COX-2 inhibitors, nor muscle relaxants dominated prescriptions for back pain. However, a small number of individual drugs were attributable to most of the prescriptions for traditional NSAIDs or muscle relaxants. The prescription of some of the medications demonstrated wide variations across different regions or different racial and educational groups. More studies are needed to understand the source of the variations and what constitutes optimal prescribing.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2005

Low-dose cyclobenzaprine versus combination therapy with ibuprofen for acute neck or back pain with muscle spasm: a randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: This prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter, community-based study was conducted to compare cyclobenzaprine 5 mg three times daily (TID) orally (CYC5) given for 7 days as monotherapy or in combination with ibuprofen 400 mg TID (CYC5/IBU400) or 800 mg TID (CYC5/IBU800) in adults with acute neck or back pain with muscle spasm. STUDY DESIGN: Eligible patients were 18-65 years old, had cervical or thoracolumbar pain and spasm for < or = 14 days, and, aside from the prescribed study medications, discontinued treatment with all analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, and skeletal muscle relaxants during the study period. Randomization was 1:1:1 to the three treatment groups. Treatment outcome was assessed after 3 and 7 days of therapy using five patient-rated scales: spasm, pain, patient global impression of change (PGIC), medication helpfulness, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). RESULTS: A total of 867 patients provided postbaseline data and were included in the intent-to-treat population (CYC5, n = 288; CYC5/IBU400, n = 286; CYC5/IBU800, n = 293). All three treatment groups demonstrated significant improvements from baseline in PGIC, spasm, pain, ODI, and medication helpfulness (p < 0.001 for all comparisons) after 3 and 7 days of therapy. There were no significant differences in mean PGIC among groups after 3 days of therapy (p = 0.65 for treatment effect) or after 7 days of therapy (primary endpoint; p = 0.41). A PGIC responder analysis of changes from baseline showed that 88% and 93% of patients reported at least mild improvement after 3 and 7 days of therapy, respectively. All three treatments were well tolerated, with no significant differences between treatments regarding the number of adverse events (AEs) reported or number of patients reporting AEs. The most common AEs in all groups were fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, sedation, and nausea. Limitations of this study include an unblinded design and possible introduction of bias into efficacy and safety results by use of a voluntary telephone reporting system. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized, community-based clinical trial demonstrated that combination therapy with cyclobenzaprine 5 mg TID plus ibuprofen was not superior to cyclobenzaprine 5 mg TID alone in adult patients with acute neck and back pain with muscle spasm. All treatments were well tolerated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Correlations between muscle regions and average total muscle activity: support for the back.

As part of their evaluation, an EMG muscle scanning procedure was conducted on 100 patients enrolled in a pain program for in-patients. The left and right aspects of 11 muscle sites were monitored in the sitting and standing postures. Correlations between muscle region and average total muscle tension suggest that the lower and upper back muscles were the most highly related to their total tension. These results do not appear to be the results of statistical artifact and the correlations do not seem redundant. Further analyses identified the T10 paraspinals muscle site as most highly correlated with their total tension. These findings are preliminary and experiments are needed to confirm or repudiate the hypothesis that there is a key muscle. Investigators are encouraged to look to the back musculature for training generalized relaxation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Trunk muscle function and low back disorders: a ten-year follow-up study.

Low back disorders and trunk muscle function were studied by questionnaire, interview, clinical examination, and performance tests in 902 employees in the metal industry. The survey was repeated after a 10-yr interval for 654 persons. For those who were allowed to participate in the muscle function tests, the prevalences of clinical findings in the low back and of chronic lumbosacral disease were inversely associated with muscle function in both cross-sectional studies. This association seems not to be explained by the interference of pain with muscle function tests. There was no association between muscle function at baseline and either the 10-yr incidence of chronic low back disease or the development of low back symptoms. Men with poor muscle function at baseline had a slightly elevated risk for the appearance of clinical findings at follow-up. There was an inverse association between the clinical findings at baseline and muscle function at follow-up. The association between low back disorder and trunk muscle function seems to result from an effect of the former on the latter, but poor muscle function may also contribute to the risk of disorder.

Back Pain↗
PubMed2003

Detrusorectomy with rectus muscle hitch and backing.

PURPOSE: Bladder autoaugmentation is a procedure that includes detrusoromyotomy or detrusorectomy with an aim to release intact urothelium, which then prolapses and increases bladder capacity and compliance. Covering of the prolapsed urothelium usually is done by using deepithelialized pedicled colonic or gastric patch. The authors present their first experiences with detrusorectomy using rectus muscle for hitch and backing. METHODS: Between August 1999 and February 2002, autoaugmentation was performed in 19 patients (12 girls and 7 boys) aged 4 to 12 years (median, 8). All patients had a neurogenic bladder with small capacity and poor compliance. Detrusorectomy usually involves the whole upper half of the bladder to achieve regular shape of the huge prolapsed urothelium. Both rectus muscles are dissected from their anterior and posterior sheaths. Urothelium is sutured to the muscle at several points to prevent its retraction and shrinkage. This way, bladder is fixed and hanged on rectus muscles. RESULTS: Follow-up was 6 to 35 months (median, 21). The new bladder capacity was increased in all patients and ranged from 190 to 411 ml (median, 313). All patients had clinical improvement and better compliance. CONCLUSIONS: Detrusorectomy with rectus muscle hitch and backing is a safe and simple procedure. However, long-term results are needed to define value of this procedure.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Do cerebral potentials to magnetic stimulation of paraspinal muscles reflect changes in palpable muscle spasm, low back pain, and activity scores?

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that cortical-evoked potentials on magnetic stimulation of muscles are influenced by muscle contraction, vibration, and muscle spasm. This study was carried out to determine whether these potentials correlate with palpatory muscle spasm, patient symptoms, and disability in patients with low back pain. METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed on 13 subjects with a history of low back pain visiting an orthopedic hospital-based clinic. Patients were screened for serious pathologic conditions by an orthopedic surgeon. The patients were then evaluated for the presence of muscle spasm by one of the investigators who was blinded to the results of the evoked potential studies. Patients were asked to complete a low back pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and a Roland-Morris Activity Scale (RMAS). Cortical-evoked potentials were recorded with a magnetic stimulator placed over the lumbar paraspinal muscles with the patient in the prone position. The palpatory examination, VAS, RMAS, and the cortical potentials were repeated after 2 weeks of therapy commonly used to reduce muscle spasm. RESULTS: The patients demonstrated a significant decrease in low back pain VAS and RMAS scores after treatment compared with before treatment. There was a reduction in the amount of palpatory muscle spasm in 11 of 13 cases. The cortical potentials before treatment were attenuated compared with previously reported controls and showed a significant increase before and after treatment in the amplitude of these potentials with multivariate analysis of variance. There was significant correlation between the changes in cortical potentials after treatment and the changes noted in paraspinal muscle spasm and VAS and RMAS scores. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the previous report that the amplitude of cerebral-evoked potentials on magnetic stimulation of paraspinal muscles is depressed in the presence of palpable muscle spasm. The close correlation among these potentials, paraspinal muscle spasm, and clinical symptoms suggests that the measurement of muscle activity may be more important in the assessment of low back pain than is commonly accepted.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Diverging intramuscular activity patterns in back and abdominal muscles during trunk rotation.

STUDY DESIGN: An intramuscular electromyographic study was performed on trunk rotations during sitting and standing. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to provide new information on activation levels for deep trunk muscles in various unresisted and resisted trunk rotations. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: Frequent daily trunk twisting and decreased maximal strength during trunk rotation have been associated with low back pain or sciatic pain. However, the involvement of deep trunk muscles during different trunk rotations is relatively unknown. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects participated. Fine-wire electrodes were inserted, under ultrasound guidance, into psoas, quadratus lumborum, the superficial medial lumbar erector spinae (ES-s, multifidus) and its deep lateral portion (ES-d, iliocostalis), iliacus, rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, and obliquus internus. RESULTS: The highest involvement for all muscles was observed on the ipsilateral side, in maximal trunk twists with shoulder resistance, except obliquus externus, which showed a dominant contralateral side, and rectus abdominis, which was little activated in all rotations. In contrast, maximal trunk twist without shoulder resistance, i.e., freely performed, resulted generally in lower levels for all muscles involved and in a shift of side dominance for the lumbar muscles quadratus lumborum, psoas, and ES-s. CONCLUSIONS: During trunk rotations the activity patterns for various trunk muscles could drastically change, and even be the opposite, between the two body sides, within the same type of task, depending on several factors such as initial position, effort level, sitting or standing, and external shoulder resistance.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chaotic analysis of electromyography signal at low back and lower limb muscles during forward bending posture.

The present study aims to perform further investigation on muscular activity during forward bending posture by applying a nonlinear dynamic (chaotic) analysis method. The objective is to determine the characteristics of the low back and lower limb muscle electromyography (EMG) signal under chaotic analysis while maintaining a certain posture. Twelve subjects were asked to maintain postures of six stages in bending angles from 0 to 180 degrees, and the EMG signals of erector spinae (ES) at L1 and L5 levels, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius were recorded. Two important concepts to characterize deterministic chaos, Correlation Dimension (D2) and Lyapunov Exponents (lambda, LE), were applied to observe the chaotic characteristic of the EMG signals, and the results were also compared to the FFT based total power value. The EMG signals in all observed muscles during bending posture showed results of positive LE and high D2 at 5.5 to 7.5, which led us to classify EMG as a high dimension chaotic signal. The result obtained showed that the correlation dimension could be used as a reliable method to compare the EMG signal in various postures (or muscle contraction conditions). However, Lyapunov exponents did not show a significant difference of comparison result thus leading to the conclusion that LE could not be a reliable measure for high dimension chaotic system, such as an EMG signal. It was also shown that in both light and deep bending, the EMG signal of the low back muscles was of the same complexity level due to the D2 result. It was evident that somehow the low back muscle remained loaded in all bending stages which was contrary to the hypothesis that the low back muscle was less active during the deep bending, as was the case in most of the previous studies. The reason of such phenomenon was elucidated with use of the theory of muscular functional differentiation, including corticalization and spinalization.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Magnetic resonance imaging of the discs and trunk muscles in patients with chronic low back pain and healthy control subjects.

This study aimed to evaluate the lumbar intervertebral discs and the maximum isometric strength and size of the trunk muscles of middle-aged healthy volunteers (60 persons) and low back pain patients (48 persons). Disc degeneration was more frequently seen in the patients than in the healthy volunteers. The psoas and back muscles (erector spinae and multifidus) of the patients were smaller than those of the volunteers. Patients had also more fat deposits in the back muscles than controls. The maximum isometric strength of trunk muscles of the patients was on average weaker than that of the volunteers. However, the size of the back muscles was not related to the maximum isometric extension strength of the trunk.

Adipose Tissue↗