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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Youth WAVE Screener: addressing weight-related behaviors with school-age children.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the feasibility of using the youth Weight, Activity, Variety, and Excess (WAVE) screener in a classroom setting for assessing student weight control intentions and the extent to which they used the WAVE strategies to control their weight. METHODS: The Youth WAVE Screener was administered to fifth-grade students in an inner-city school located in the Bronx, New York. The study was conducted in part to increase student awareness of snack foods and sugary beverages in relation to weight. RESULTS: Of the 169 students who completed the survey, 45.5% (n = 77) were trying to lose weight. Students who were trying to lose weight were more likely to have low-fat dairy products, less likely to have sugary beverages, and less likely to eat junk foods than those who were not trying to lose weight. Students who reported exercising 3 times weekly were more likely to report healthier dietary patterns and less sedentary behaviors than were students who exercise less often. Feedback and dialogue with fifth graders addressed the relationship between TV viewing and eating behavior, advertisement, availability, and preferences of fruits and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS: The Youth WAVE Screener can be used to quickly identify children who are concerned about their weight as well as those with dietary and physical activity patterns that may increase the risk of obesity. Diabetes educators can use this screener to start a dialogue with children about their weight-related behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Addressing attitudes during diabetes education: suggestions from adult education.

Suggestions from adult education can improve the effectiveness of diabetes education programs. While information and knowledge are noted as important factors in diabetes education, the literature indicates that they are insufficient to insure improved treatment outcomes. Research suggests that addressing psychosocial variables can improve diabetes education effectiveness. Although there are a multitude of psychosocial variables, attitude is consistently identified as an important contributor to positive diabetes management. Practical suggestions from adult education are offered to improve the learner's attitude about diabetes, the learning process, and the instructor.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1995

Exploratory research synthesis--methodological considerations for addressing limitations in data quality.

Exploratory meta-analysis or research synthesis has been advocated as a way of developing important hypotheses for further study. An exploratory research synthesis was conducted on the carotid endarterectomy (CE) literature to illustrate this method. The CE scientific literature is similar to that of many other new medical interventions because it contains numerous limitations to data quality. Exploratory research synthesis of such literature necessitates a number of methodological and statistical considerations to address these limitations, including the problems of missing data, appropriate unit of analysis, nonnormal distribution of outcomes, and lack of controlled studies. Strengths and limitations of the exploratory research synthesis approach are discussed within the context of public policy decisions for assessing medical technologies.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1996

Medical education--addressing the needs of the dying child.

This paper reviews the formulation of attitudes, the acquisition of knowledge and the development of skills which together enable medical practitioners to provide comprehensive palliative care for terminally ill children. Ideally, these should be developed to such an extent that a 'good death' can be achieved. Current medical education does not address these areas and the associated issues, including the breaking of bad news, understanding the grief reaction to serious illness and children's perceptions of death. Neither does training include how to take management decisions concerning informed consent, the transition from active treatment to palliative care, symptom control and choosing the place for care. These, and the unintentional attitude that regards the dying child as a 'medical failure', are discussed, together with the need to meet the needs of the parents and siblings, and the effects of bereavement. Finally, recommendations are made for undergraduate curricula and the need to emphasize the relationship of caring for the family unit, and not just the patient.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Addressing limited English proficiency and disparities for Hispanic postpartum women.

The National Institutes of Health Office of Minority Health challenges health providers to eliminate health disparities for Hispanic women, especially those women with limited English proficiency. This article addresses this challenge by identifying areas of health disparities for low-risk postpartum Hispanic women with limited English proficiency, by describing the legal basis for improving language access, and by proposing implementation of Office of Minority Health national guidelines. Health providers can use a social equity framework to support improvements in communication practices when language differs.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2005

Participatory action research in practice: a case study in addressing domestic violence in nine cultural communities.

Participatory action research (PAR) is increasingly recognized as a viable approach to developing relationships with communities and working closely with them to address complex public health problems. In the case of domestic violence research, where ensuring the safety of women participants who are battered is paramount, participatory approaches to research that include advocates and women who are battered in research design, implementation, analysis, and dissemination are critical to successful and mutually beneficial projects. This article presents a case study of a PAR project that conducted formative qualitative research on domestic violence in nine ethnic and sexual minority communities. The article describes the specific ways in which a PAR approach was operationalized and discusses in detail how community participation shaped various stages of the research. Furthermore, specific actions that resulted from the research project are reported.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

An innovative video succeeds in addressing barriers to breastfeeding among low-income women.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of an innovative breastfeeding promotion video intervention in addressing barriers to breastfeeding among low-income women in the state of Mississippi. The 15-minute video features a diverse group of women and their families. Survey data were collected from Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children clients in the intervention group (n = 310) before and after watching the video, and from a comparison group (n = 204) that did not watch the video. The 2 groups were comparable at baseline. The intervention significantly improved women's perceptions with regard to the "embarrassment" and "time and social constraints" barriers to breastfeeding. In terms of the "lack of social support" barrier, the video positively affected participants' feelings that the baby's father encouraged breastfeeding but did not change their perceptions of support from female relatives and friends. The authors conclude that the video is an effective method of breastfeeding promotion among low-income women.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Addressing the ethical challenges of clinical trials that involve patients with dementia.

Research subjects face uncertainties, risks, burdens, and indignities, and research protocol requirements inhibit the physician's ability to make individualized treatment decisions. To address these problems, investigators and Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) should justify research risks using informed consent and the judgment that the risks of research are reasonable with respect to the potential benefits, if any, to subjects and to the expectation that the research will produce important knowledge. But clinical research in Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents investigators and IRBs with significant challenges to achieve these two requirements. Broadly, these challenges are the result of the impact of patients' cognitive impairment and the caregiving experience on decision making and the indeterminacy of defining clinically meaningful treatment benefits. In this article, we review the data that begin to answer whether and how patients' cognitive impairments and the caregiving experience impact on their decision making and what kinds of research results justify research risks. We will use these data to suggest changes to the design and conduct of clinical research in AD that can meet the challenge of justifying research risks.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed2005

Network of communities in the fight against AIDS: local actions to address health inequities and promote health in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

When combined with major social inequities, the AIDS epidemic in Brazil becomes much more complex and requires effective and participatory community-based interventions. This article describes the experience of a civil society organisation, the Centre for Health Promotion (CEDAPS), in the slum communities (favelas) of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Using a community-based participatory approach, 55 community organisations were mobilised to develop local actions to address the increasing social vulnerability to HIV/AIDS of people living in squatter communities. This was done through on-going prevention initiatives based on the local culture and developed by a Network of Communities. The community movement has created a sense of "ownership" of social actions. The fight against AIDS has been a mobilising factor in engaging and organising communities and has contributed to raising awareness of health rights. Local actions included targeting the determinants of local vulnerability, as suggested by health promotion workers.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not addressed in the admitting medical records for the majority of patients who undergo CPR in the hospital.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is routinely performed on patients who develop cardiopulmonary arrest in the hospital. In some situations, it is performed on terminally or critically ill patients where death is predicted to be inevitable despite CPR. Since prior consent is not required for this procedure, CPR may be performed without patient consent or foreknowledge. Many of these patients may not want CPR if the anticipated outcome is reviewed with them. This study investigated the frequency of occurrence of a CPR discussion at the time of hospital admission for patients who undergo CPR during hospitalization. Results showed that CPR is infrequently addressed in the hospital orders or medical records in patients who undergo CPR during their hospital stay. In addition, the severity of illness at the time of admission does not appear to influence whether physicians discuss CPR with patients and their families.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

CABG discharge information: addressing women's recovery.

Women's descriptions of the coronary artery bypass surgery recovery experience were elicited for development of a preparatory discharge information intervention. In a convenience sample, 20 women (mean age = 67 years) were interviewed about the physical sensations, emotions, and concerns they experienced after CABG at three measurement points: discharge, 2 days after discharge, and 3 weeks following discharge. Many of the recovery experiences reported by women in this study are not addressed in traditional CABG discharge information.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Conscientious objection to assisted death: can pharmacy address this in a systematic fashion?

OBJECTIVE: To describe a legal structure for the accommodation of pharmacists' rights of conscience in the dispensing of drugs for pharmaceutically assisted death. BACKGROUND: Pharmacists have indicated that there is disagreement in the profession regarding the appropriateness of a practice known as "pharmaceutically assisted death," in which lethal medications are prescribed for terminally ill patients who want to end their lives. Pharmacists who object to pharmaceutically assisted death may be asserting a conscientious objection that threatens to create a conflict with their employers. In addition, pharmacists who support pharmaceutically assisted death, but whose employers forbid the dispensing of medications for this purpose, may face a similar conflict. Current laws and principles of professional ethics fail to adequately address the resolution of either of these conflicts. DISCUSSION: We propose a system within which the pharmacy profession could accommodate the right to conscientious objection without sacrificing the quality of patient care. At the heart of our proposal is the understanding that employers must respect an employee's right to beliefs that differ from those of the employer and, correspondingly, the understanding that employees must respect the employer's duty to provide products and services to those who seek them from the employer. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacy associations can adopt policies for conscientious objection and have those policies become law through action of the state legislature or the state board of pharmacy. This approach could lead to the development of a clear policy and procedure for resolving the issue of conscientious objection within the pharmacy community, making it far less likely that institutions outside pharmacy would be required to develop a solution for pharmacy.

Ethics, Pharmacy↗
PubMed2004

Increasing value: a research agenda for addressing the managerial and organizational challenges facing health care delivery in the United States.

There is growing consensus that the U.S. health care system is not producing value relative to the resources invested. Unwarranted variation exists in quality and outcomes of care and underutilization of both evidence-based medicine and evidence-management practices. To address these issues, this article calls for a broad-based social science approach focused on obtaining a greater understanding of change at the individual, group, organizational, and environmental levels as they influence each other. Specific examples and questions for research are suggested with regard to the redesign of care systems, enhancing learning and transferring knowledge, and creating effective financial incentives. The specific measurement, analysis, and study design issues involved in under-taking such a research agenda are discussed.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1994

Health education: what can it look like after health care reform? 1993 SOPHE presidential address.

In the fall of 1993 the plans for the Health Security Act were unveiled: health education was referenced no fewer than 18 times. This 1993 SOPHE Presidential Address examines the role of health education under the plans for and principles of health care reform. As Bill Clinton stated, "an intensified health education system must be designed to educate and encourage the American people to change behavior that results in ill health and high costs." It is argued that health education has been demonstrated to be effective at reducing risk behaviors associated with each of the leading causes of death. Likewise health education should, can, and does play a role in each of the health goals and objectives for the year 2000. Health reform provides new opportunities to invest in prevention, public health and health education--not only in medical care settings--but in schools, at worksites, and in the community. Health education in these settings can help create supportive environments that make healthy choices the easy choices, ensuring that health reform can succeed.

Cost Savings↗
PubMed2006

Engaging the community in coalition efforts to address childhood asthma.

For health improvement efforts to effectively address community needs, community members must be engaged in planning and implementing public health initiatives. For Allies Against Asthma's coalitions, the community included not only the subpopulation of individuals who suffer disproportionately from asthma but also the individuals and institutions that surround them. Through a quantitative self-assessment survey, informal discussion among coalition leadership, and interviews with key informants, data relevant to community engagement identified a number of important ways the Allies coalitions approached community involvement. Respondents' comments made clear that the way the coalitions conduct their work is often as important as what they do. Across coalitions, factors that were identified as important for community involvement included (a) establishing a commitment to community involvement, (b) building trust, (c) making participation feasible and comfortable, (d) responding to community identified needs, (e) providing leadership development opportunities, and (f) building a shared commitment to desired outcomes.

Asthma↗
PubMed2006

In-country challenges to addressing the effects of emerging global nurse migration on health care delivery.

An integrated approach is necessary to address the ethical, cultural, and safety issues raised by international nurse migration into Canada. A recent federally funded study yielded important information regarding gaps in regulation, screening, assessment, and registration of internationally educated nurses. A series of recommendations have emerged from this important study.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Which topics are important to address in premarital counseling? A survey of clergy.

Pastoral counselors who provide premarital counseling must address the topics that are most relevant to couples as they prepare for marriage. This article presents the results of a survey of clergy who provide premarital counseling, demonstrating the relative importance that clergy ascribe to premarital counseling topics, as well as the relationship between religious affiliation and ratings of topic importance.

Adolescent↗