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PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of language therapy in aphasia after stroke].

In 27 patients with aphasia and hemiparesis following strokes speech was tested before and after completion of sanatorium treatment. After three weeks of speech re-education aphasia improved in various degrees in 19 patients. The best results of logopedic treatment were obtained in patients with medium-grade or slight aphasia subjected to rehabilitation treatment during the first three months after stroke. Effective motor rehabilitation conducted parallelly with re-education exercises in early period after stroke has a favourable effect on advance in therapy and later resocialization of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[The Landau-Kleffner syndrome. Infantile "acquired" aphasia, paroxysmal electroencephalographic changes and epileptic seizures].

Since the initial description by Landau and Kleffner, in 1957, of a syndrome occurring exclusively in children and consisting of aphasia, paroxysmal changes in E.E.G. and, frequently, epileptic seizures, 80 cases have been reported. The acquired speech disorder, sometimes associated with auditory agnosia, differs in symptomatology and development from the usual forms of infantile aphasia. The prognosis, based on the regression or persistence of the aphasia, is favourable in 60% of the cases and unfavourable in 40%. None of the various antiepileptic drugs is consistently effective. The cause of the syndrome remains unknown.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1995

[Auditory comprehension in transcortical motor aphasia due to a medial lesions of the left frontal lobe].

We assessed the anatomical findings and auditory comprehension of six patients with transcortical motor aphasia due to medical lesions of the left frontal lobe. All patients were right-handed and were initially mute for several hours after the onset, and they exhibited mild paresis of the right lower extremity. Their spontaneous speech was sparse and not fluent, and sometimes accompanied by echolalia, but their articulation was normal and repetition was excellent. They had difficulty in recalling words. A diagnosis of transcortical motor aphasia was made on the basis of their clinical symptoms. All patients were found to have an infarct in the left medial frontal region by MRI and/or CT. We administered the Western Aphasia Battery and 50 line drawing pointing task in order to evaluate auditory comprehension. Based on the results we concluded that there is no impairment of auditory comprehension of single words when lesions are limited to the superior frontal gyrus, but that lesions extending to the middle frontal gyrus interfere with auditory comprehension of single words. Our observations indicate that the middle frontal gyrus plays an important role in auditory comprehension of single words. All of the patients displayed impaired auditory comprehension of sentences even when their lesions were strictly limited to the medial frontal lobe. This suggests that the medial frontal lobe plays some role in the auditory comprehension of sentences.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Crossed aphasia in a right-handed patient: a report on one case (author's transl)].

The authors report on a 37 year old right-handed patient with a right rolando-parietal infarct which was manifest clinically by not only sensory-motor disorders of the left side of the body, but more especially by an expression aphasia. This observation fulfills the criteria for defining the exceptional case of crossed aphasia in a right-handed patient: aphasic destruction of language engendered by a right unilateral lesion in such a patient, without a previous history of a cerebral lesion or family history of left-handedness. Comparing the aphasic signs in this patient with the rare cases reported in the published literature shows that there is a particular pathognomonic profile, close to the type of aphasic disorganization seen in children and left-handed adults. The authors review the neuropsychopathogenic explanations for this crossed aphasia of right-handed patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Verbal and non-verbal aspects of semantic disintegration in aphasia (author's transl)].

After a review of the explanations offered in the literature on the nature of aphasic disintegration, the author suggests that a nuclear impairment of semantic level of language integration may exist in many forms of aphasia. This hypothesis is supported by personal observations on verbal and non-verbal aspects of semantic impairment in aphasia. The incidence of semantic troubles is very high both at the level of verbal production and comprehension and at a non-verbal study of the "areas of meaning". No relationship was found between the incidence of semantic troubles and the ("fluent" or "non-fluent") clinical form of aphasia. A definite relationship exists between production of semantic paraphasias at the expressive level and number of semantic errors obtained as a verbal comprehension task, and between verbal semantic disorders and pathological performances at the non-verbal task of "semantic relationships".

Aphasia↗
PubMed1993

[Transient motor aphasia at high altitude].

Three healthy mountaineers had episodes of transient motor aphasia at 5,547, 8,000 and 7,000 metres respectively. In the three cases the comprehension was preserved. Aphasia was neither accompanied nor followed by headache, motor disturbances or any other neurologic symptoms and signs. We suspect that transient motor aphasia is more frequent at high altitude than can be concluded from its low frequency of apparition in the medical literature. Among the pathogenic hypotheses, we consider the disfunction of language-related brain areas due to vascular obstruction by microthrombi of platelets and fibrin or to selective hypocapnic-mediated vasoconstriction, but a diffuse metabolic illness cannot be ruled out.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary progressive aphasia (Mesulam syndrome)].

Primary progressive aphasia is defined as a gradually appeared and gradually worsening disorder of speech without any major alteration of the other cognitive functions. It is regarded by some authors as a syndrome which may be due to various degenerative diseases of the cerebral cortex (notably Alzheimer's disease, owing to its frequency), while others see in it an autonomous disease related to a neuropathological process that is distinct from the main degenerative dementias. The principal clinical particularity of primary progressive aphasia is that it spares the patient's autonomy for a long time, but ultimately turns into global dementia. Despite the diversity of aphasic aspects accompanied or not, in neuroimaging, by morphological and metabolic asymmetry to the expense of the left hemisphere, a review of the autopsy cases published shows that the vast majority corresponded to a neuropathological pattern devoid of the characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease and nearer to Pick's disease. In practice, the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can be excluded in all patients whose clinical presentation and cerebral neuroimaging results are compatible with primary progressive aphasia. Moreover, the fact that this new clinicoanatomical entity has been individualized constitutes a definite step towards a better comprehension of degenerative dementias.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Aphasia and artistic creation].

An artist active drawing and waterpainting, most prominent in sculpture, suffered an apopleptic insult at 66 years of age. Right hemiparesis and severe motor aphasia remained but this with rare unexpected and sometimes rather complicated productions in spoken, and also in written language in spite of modest progress in writing exercise. His behaviour witnessed of the memory of remote and complicated stored material. Some months after the insult he resumed his artistic activity using his left hand and continued it principally in the same manner as before his illness. His drawing and water-painting displayed some uncertainty of lines and sometimes coarseness of the stain spots. His pieces of sculpture regained the quality of his earlier works, as proven already by the first statue he made after the insult. While it is generally accepted that the motor aphasia does not essentially affect the artistic production, even of high quality, in painting, this is the first instance which proves that the same holds true for sculpture. In this case the mechanisms inciting the finest innervation on the side of the cortical center of the left hand, can work with promptness. In motor aphasia the mechanisms indispensable for the correct realisation of the function are affected without a final extinction of the function itself. Motor asphasia is an instrumental disorder not necessarily accompanied by disturbances of the intelligence.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[A case report of mixed transcortical aphasia due to three attacks of cerebral infarction].

This is a case report of a 69-year-old right handed male patient with mixed transcortical aphasia caused by the three consecutive strokes in the left hemisphere. The initial attack affected the left occipital region and the second one influenced the angular region of the left parietal lobe. After the second attack the patient showed a symptom similar to transcortical sensory aphasia, although the prognosis was good. The third stroke attacked the subcortical region of the left middle frontal gyrus, consequently the patient became severe mixed transcortical aphasic who could only repeat. Even two years after the last stroke the aphasia was hardly improved. These symptoms are considered to be caused by "functional isolation" of the affected anterior-posterior language areas and the fasciculus arcuatus.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

On the occurrence and prognosis of aphasia in patients with cerebral infarction.

Of 338 consecutive patients with cerebral infarction, aphasia in the acute phase was found in 96. Of these, 18 had totally recovered from aphasic speech disturbances when leaving the hospital. The patients were examined 2-8, in average 6 years after the onset of the illness. 39% of them had died, 27% still suffered from aphasic speech disturbances, while 32% were recovered from aphasia. In addition, disturbances in writing, reading, and/or calculation were observed in more than the half of the survivors. Of patients over 65 years of age 56% were dead compared with 32% of younger patients. Aphasia was observed relatively more in geriatric patients, and the recovery of them was poorer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Childhood aphasia with epilepsy. Remission with antiepileptic treatment].

The authors describe an example of an aphasic syndrome peculiar to children. This syndrome, which has previously been described by several authors, is characterized by an unusual form of aphasia, by its association with epileptic attacks, and by its onset in the absence of any apparent aetiology. In such cases, the effectiveness of anti-epileptic treatment on the aphasia is variable, often quite poor; on the other hand, in the case described in this report, administration of anti-epileptic treatment was followed by spectacular regression of the aphasia.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1982

Pragmatic functions in aphasia.

Pragmatic functions were investigated in the expressive speech of two fluent and four motor aphasics under the conditions of elicited conversation, picture stimulation, and unelicited conversation. The pragmatic behaviors of pragmatic, mathetic, and informative functions were present in the residual speech of subjects regardless of type or severity of aphasia. In this study "pragmatic" was defined as language to satisfy one's own needs, to control and interact; "mathetic" as language to ask for names, to explore the environment, and verbal recall; and "informative" as language that relates experiences not shared by the listener. A clustering of these pragmatic functions for the more severely impaired subjects was evidenced when severity rating was compared to pragmatic analysis. Clinical implications for language elicitation methods are discussed. Additional evidence is presented for supporting performance deficits in aphasia in regard to pragmatic behaviors.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Praxis and language: the extent and variety of apraxia in aphasia.

This quantitative study of apraxia in aphasics establishes the extent and characteristics of apraxia in various aphasic groups, the differences between various categories of praxis, and the correlation between praxis and language parameters. Broca's aphasics have more severe apraxia than Wernicke's aphasics even though their comprehension is significantly better. Apraxia, however, correlates best with comprehension deficit and secondly with the severity of aphasia. Among the nonverbal parameters, drawing shows the highest correlations. Our study confirms the prominence of facial apraxia in Broca's aphasia. Praxis and language are closely related and appear to share the same neural structures.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1984

Resting CBF sequential study during recovery from aphasia due to ischemic stroke.

Cerebral blood flow (133Xenon inhalation method) has been studied in 30 aphasic stroke patients at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after onset. In total aphasia the CBF values are low and the regional hypoperfused areas are extensive. In Broca's, Wernicke's and nominal aphasias, resting CBF measurements do not provide the clinician with useful additional information and clinical improvement can by no means be attributed to a resting CBF rise during the observation period.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Lexical creativity during instances of word-finding difficulty: Broca's vs. Wernicke's aphasia.

Lexical innovation--the creation of a word by combining existing morphemes in a novel way (e.g. "map ball" for "globe")--was evaluated as a method for circumventing word-finding difficulty in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia. Aphasic groups were matched for naming performance and compared to a control group of normal adults matched for age and education. Lexical innovations were collected during the administration of a confrontation naming test, and were then analyzed in terms of the correctness of morpheme combination, semantic accuracy, novelty, and communicative effectiveness. An innovation was considered to be communicatively effective when its intended referent was understood by a naive judge. The lexical innovations of the two aphasic groups were diametrically opposed: as compared to both Broca's aphasics and normal adults, Wernicke's aphasics innovated significantly less often, and their innovations were significantly inferior in terms of: semantic precision, the proper construction of morpheme combination, and communicative effectiveness. This pattern suggests that lack of verbal fluency may be compatible with lexical creativity, while empty logorrheic speech may be an impediment to lexical creativity. Similarly, we conclude that the agrammatism of Broca's asphasia does not interfere with lexical innovation, while the paragrammatism of Wernicke's aphasia does interfere with lexical innovation, thus suggesting that paragrammatism affects morpheme combination at the word level as well as the sentence level.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1984

Altered patterns of word associations in dementia and aphasia.

The word associations of 38 demented, 17 aphasic, and 22 normal subjects were studied. Both normal and brain-injured subjects appear to make judgments about the grammatical class of the word stimulus. Certain stimulus words (especially nouns and adjectives) elicit paradigmatic responses whereas other words (especially verbs and adverbs) elicit syntagmatic responses. The mechanism producing syntagmatic responses seems relatively resistant to deterioration in dementia or aphasia. However, in dementia the mechanism that generates paradigmatic responses becomes progressively less efficient (possibly due to a loss of semantic markers) and consequently more random (idiosyncratic) responses emerge. Perseverative responses, inhibited in normal subjects, are more prevalent in dementia. Anomic aphasics show a pattern of word associations similar to that of subjects with mild dementia. Broca's aphasics, while making fewer paradigmatic associations than normals, retain enough self-monitoring mechanisms so that few idiosyncratic and perseverative responses are made while more null responses occur. Wernicke's aphasics show a marked shift away from a paradigmatic word association strategy, possibly due to an inability to access semantic markers or a true loss of these markers. Metalinguistic deficits (i.e., a failure to adopt an appropriate strategy) may also contribute to this shift away from paradigmatic associations. Furthermore, a disruption of self-monitoring mechanisms in Wernicke's aphasia leads to an increase in perseverative and idiosyncratic responses.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Voice onset time in aphasia: Thai. II. Production.

The aim of this study was to investigate voice onset time (VOT) production in homorganic word-initial stops in Thai in order to explore the nature of speech production deficits across clinical varieties of aphasia. Thai exhibits a three-category distinction in bilabial (/b,p,ph/) and alveolar (/d,t,t,h/) stops, and a two-category distinction in velar (/k,kh/) stops. Subjects included three Broca asphasics, one transcortical motor asphasic, two global asphasics, one conduction aphasic, one Wernicke aphasic, one nonaphasic dysarthric patient, one right-brain-damaged patient, and five normal controls. Test stimuli consisted of eight monosyllabic real words. The results of VOT measurements indicated that Broca and global asphasics exhibited a more severe production disorder than Wernicke, conduction, or transcortical motor asphasics. The right-brain-damaged patient showed no impairment in VOT production. Comparisons are drawn to earlier studies of VOT production in aphasia in two-category languages. Issues concerning the underlying basis of the production deficit for nonfluent aphasics, fluent aphasics, and nonaphasic dysarthrics as well as the relation between perception and production of VOT are discussed.

Adult↗