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Conflict resolution and distress alleviation in monkeys and apes.

Research on nonhuman primates has produced compelling evidence for reconciliation and consolation, that is, postconflict contacts that serve to respectively repair social relationships and reassure distressed individuals, such as victims of attack. This has led to a view of conflict and conflict resolution as an integrated part of social relationships, hence determined by social factors and modifiable by the social environment. Implications of this new model of social conflict are discussed along with evidence for behavioral flexibility, the value of cooperation, and the possibility that distress alleviation rests on empathy, a capacity that may be present in chimpanzees and humans but not in most other animals.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

Cutaneous sensory end organs of some anthropoid apes.

The organized end organs of nerves in glabrous skin of the chimpanzee, orangutan, and gibbon are similar to those of man in form and distribution but are more numerous on the soles of the feet than in man. I found cholinesterase in all the end organs of all these animals and, in the gibbon, alkaline phosphatase as well.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗