Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ANTISEPSIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Bacterial nosocomial infections in urology: nosocomial urinary tract infections].

The range and extent of infections acquired in hospitals depend firstly on the organisms occurring in the hospital concerned, secondly on the incidence of transmission, depending on the standard of hygiene in the hospital and, finally, on the resistance of the patient. In the past decades changes have taken place in the sphere of all three factors with a resultant unfavourable increase in nosocomial infections. Reasons for this development are found in the widespread, massive and often irrational administration of antibacterial chemotherapeutic agents (leading to selective resistance of hospital bacteria), in neglect of the rules of asepsis and antisepsis and also in an increased disposition of patients towards hospital infections. About 50% of all nosocomial infections affect the urinary tract and 70% of these cases are caused by catheterization of the bladder. Special attention must be paid to correct technique in placing the catheter and in deviating the urine (closed drainage systems). The incidence of nosocomial urinary tract infections and the species of organisms involved have been favourably influenced by a new antibiotic regimen, as well as improved hygienic measures in the Urological Department of the Allgemeine Poliklinik der Stadt Wien (reduction in the mean postoperative infection rate following adenomectomy from 90 to 40%; decrease in typical hospital organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa from over 50 to below 10% and in indole-positive Proteus strains from 25 to below 5%).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

[Current problems in hospital infection].

(1) In surgical infections staphylococci are still dominating. (2) Following nosocomial infections gramnegative pathogens become more and more important. (3) Systemic administration of antibiotics favour the selection of gramnegative bacteria and the increase of resistence. (4) Antibiotics do not substitute asepsis and antisepsis. (5) The systemic administration of antibiotics in surgical infections should be clearly reduced. (6) No prophylactic use of antibiotics in surgery to prevent wounds infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Notes on a case of shock lung in acute pancreatitis].

Personal experience of a case of shock-induced lung condition is reported. The literature is examined and recommended treatments analysed critically. Maximum attention to antisepsis measures in suggested.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

[From "bone suture" to modern osteosynthesis--a chronology].

The five extremely well-known principals of osteosyntheses have been developed since the mid 19th century. Anaesthesia and antisepsis as absolute conditions blossomed into the heyday of surgery. Wire was the earliest material for osteosyntheses, successfully applied for the first time in 1827 by Rodgers in New York, systematically by Lister in Glasgow since about 1870, and later used in form of various 'bone sutures' and cerclages. In 1963 Weber (St. Gallen) developed the excentric wire tension band which for the first time provided technical knowledge in the treatment of fractures. In 1978 Labitzke introduced cables instead of the rigid cerclage wire. His lateral cable tension band which compresses the entire fracture area by itself, clearly improves the functional results. 1843 after the wire came the external fixation clamp from Wutzer (Bonn), 1886 the plate osteosynthesis from Hansmann (Hamburg), 1909 the K-wire from Kirschner (Greifswald) and 1939 the intramedullary nail from Küntscher (Kiel). Time has changed and modernised all principals. At the moment intramedullary stabilizing systems are at the centre of intensive research.

Europe↗
PubMed1994

Inflammation: John Hunter's "A treatise on the blood, inflammation and gun-shot wounds".

John Hunter's A Treatise on the Blood, Inflammation and Gunshot Wounds was published in 1794. Throughout the nineteenth century this was considered the most important study of inflammation and has been widely quoted since. After a section on the nature of blood and the circulatory system, in which he describes the vascular supply in detail, he passes on to an extensive survey of inflammation. This is based mainly on his wide clinical experience, including that as a military surgeon. He, however, supplements this with a number of experiments, some of which are classic. He bases his observations on the four cardinal signs of Celsus (redness, heat, swelling and pain). Inflammation is then divided into three main groups: adhesive, suppurative and ulcerative. He discusses the nature of pus and the formation and treatment of abscesses. He describes his experiments on the transplantation of tissues under the general heading of adhesive inflammation. This, he states, underlies the union of wounds and thus the union of tissues after transplantation. Although unaware of the role of infecting organisms as a cause of inflammation, he makes observations on inflammation in smallpox, venereal infections and tuberculosis. He relates these to his observations on inflammatory aspects of wound healing. Lister was particularly influenced by Hunter's observations in the development of antisepsis. As well as the local effect of inflammation, Hunter was concerned with the constitutional effects such as fever.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Incidence and elimination of parietal smear layer in endodontics].

During canal preparation, the repeated passage of instruments provokes the formation of smear on the surface of the dentin. It is advisable to eliminate that, so as to increase antisepsis and filling impermeability. This is obtained by means of an irrigation, using a chelate compound of 6% citric acid for 60 seconds, at the end of the preparation.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of the quality of management of urinary infections in children in ambulatory care].

The objective of this study was to describe the conditions in which urinary tract infections in children are managed by ambulatory medical services and compare the results with recommendations of experts in the field. For a period of one month, we focused on the methods of urine sample collection by observing 149 urinalyses for children under 15 in 13 private medical laboratories. Secondly, we investigated cases involving 26 prescribing physicians in order to assess treatment and additional testing on 28 children whose urine cultures showed significant bacterial growth. Urine samples were collected at home by parents in 72% of the cases, often with defective procedures: improper antisepsis for pre-collection cleansing in 65% of the cases, in 51% of the cases the maximum time lapse between the moment a collection-bag was applied and the moment the filled bag was removed was overrun. Compared with standard techniques, the quality of the samples was deemed questionable in 33% of cases and unacceptable in 41%. Attending physicians diagnosed urinary infections in 22 children. The antibiotic treatment prescribed to these children was apparently insufficient in 40% of the cases. Less than a third of the infected children benefited from a radiologic examination of the urinary tract. This study demonstrates that adherence to rules inherent in managing pediatric urinary infections is less than satisfactory in ambulatory medicine. It appears necessary to improve the quality of urinalysis by inciting laboratories to collect urine samples in laboratory. Physicians should also be better informed of the results of consensus conferences.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bacterial toxic shock as a complication of calculous pyelonephritis].

The causes of bacteriotoxic shock were examined in 33 patients (11 lethal outcomes). It has arisen as a complication of treatment given to 7830 patients for urolithiasis. Aggravation of chronic pyelonephritis, occlusion of the urinary tracts, urogenital mucosal and parenchymal injuries, low resistance to infection contribute to microbacteria and their toxins entering blood with resultant bacteriotoxic shock. Transcutaneous operative interventions, therapeutic and diagnostic procedures also produce high risk of blood infection with gram-negative microflora, especially in violation of asepsis and antisepsis rules. As shown by microflora tests, the dominating bacteria consisted of opportunistic agents which had acquired the resistance to antibacterial drugs. In view of rapid progression of bacteriotoxic shock therapeutic efforts should be concentrated on fast normalization of hemodynamics, recovery of urine passage, introduction of sorption detoxication, prevention of DIC syndrome. The schemes of combined antibiotic treatment adjusted to the kind of infectious agent are suggested.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1994

[Toxic epidermal necrolysis, a life-threatening skin disease].

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN; Lyell's disease) was diagnosed in three patients: an 8-year-old boy and two women aged 39 and 25. Treatment consisted of daily sterile wound care using a synthetic wound covering, oral as well as tube feeding and administration of fluid, electrolytes and albumin. Sepsis developed in 2 patients, and was treated with specific antibiotics. Irreversible sight loss developed in 1 patient. A burns centre offers optimal conditions for treatment because of the combined availability of both nursing and medical expertise and of the required infrastructure needed for antisepsis, climate control and intensive care.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Prevention of immunodeficiency and postoperative infective complications in patients undergoing surgical resection for carcinoma of the colon-rectum. Clinical study on 50 cases, using thymus hormones and thymopentin in particular].

As well as being related to the spread of the tumour, cancer patients present a state of immunodeficiency which is linked to age, malnutrition which is often present, particular in cases of cancer of the gastroenteric tract, surgery and the possibility of associated chemo- or radiotherapy. The authors studied two groups of 25 patients with colorectal cancer. In addition to antibiotic prophylaxis, group A received immunostimulating therapy with thymopentin-TP5. Group B was treated with antibiotic therapy alone. Cell-mediated immunity was checked preoperatively and after 15 days on the basis of skin reaction to 7 booster antigens (Multitest-IMC). Strictly surgical infective complications were more frequent in group B patients (28.1%) receiving antibiotic treatment alone compared to subjects in group A (21.6%). Infections in a non-surgical site were more than double in the absence of perioperative immune therapy. Of the 25 patients examined in group A, 3-4 postoperative infections and as many long-distance infections were reported, all of which resolved without sequelae within a few days. There was a greater and faster recovery of body weight in those subjects receiving thymopentin treatment in addition to antibiotic therapy. In colorectal cancer surgery antibiotic prophylaxis alone is without doubt a valid surgical antisepsis but, above all in hypoergic patients, it is significantly enhanced by perioperative treatment with thymopentin. This association reduces both postoperative infectious complications, in particular postoperative abdominal abscess, and infections in other areas, such as respiratory complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Drug management of arthritis in the elderly.

Rheumatic disorders are common in the ageing population requiring the use of DMARDs and immunosuppressive therapy as with younger patients. Indications for therapy are approximately the same in both groups, but toxic side-effects are probably more common in the elderly necessitating close supervision of indications and drug requirements. Local injection techniques The practice of local injection of corticosteroid in musculo-skeletal disorders is widespread. The literature on comparative efficacy between different preparations is scanty. These techniques can give significant relief in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, sero negative arthropathies, crystal induced arthritis and many soft tissue lesions. Severe joint and soft tissue lesions are common in the elderly. In these patients even a small loss of physical function may have a markedly detrimental effect on independence. Such lesions should therefore be actively sought and vigorously treated. Often a simple, rapidly acting, local corticosteroid injection is preferable to a prolonged course of either NSAIDs or physiotherapy. In general, such injections should not be used if the diagnosis is uncertain, or there is any suspicion of infection, or if there has been a previous severe local reaction. Injections that are becoming too regular mean that the technique has not proved successful and other therapies should be sought. In performing the injections, antisepsis should be scrupulous and a 'no-touch' technique used. Accuracy of needle placement is necessary for good results. Injections should not be given against pressure as this generally means incorrect sitting. Some systemic absorption does occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Bacterial flora and preventive antibiotic treatment in open fractures].

In 172 patients with open fractures of long tubular bones the wound bacterial flora was studied on their admission to the clinic and in occurrence of suppurative complications. There were no cases of "outdoor" microorganisms being the cause of suppuration. Pathogenic agents of suppurative infection differed from "outdoor" strains in their species content, signs of pathogenicity, sensitivity to antibiotics. As a rule, suppuration was preceded by soft tissues necrosis. Since wound suppuration was produced not by the initial or changed "outdoor" microorganisms but hospital strains, which penetrate in the wound due to inadequate observation of the rules of asepsis and antisepsis in surgical treatment or subsequent dressing, then prophylactic antibioticotherapy should cover mostly sensitivity of hospital bacterial strains. To this end, the study of bacteriological background for each surgical department seems to be absolutely necessary. In a small zone of the soft tissues injury under conditions of secure fixation of bone fragments with Ilizarov apparatus a limited use of antibiotics is believed to be permissible.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

Wound healing in the developing world.

Most would recognize that nonhealing is due to malnutrition, infection, or failure of blood supply, but in practice in a world in which there is now much understanding of how to manage nonhealing, the real issue is how to direct this knowledge so that it becomes available to all. There is a failure of delivery of care. When considering quality of life issues, people's preferences, priorities, and motivation have to be taken into account, but this can be applied also to the deliveries of care. Caretakers must want to relieve odor and pain and help the mobility of their patients, encouraging them to be well groomed, allowing them to maintain adequate hygiene by bathing and, above all, making them welcome so that they can be embraced, can marry, and can be employed. To achieve these goals, complete healing is necessary with normal color, contour, and function. Management of wounds in the third world requires missionary zeal for some basic objectives. Nothing can be taken for granted. There must be food and drink for the patient, protection from flies, antisepsis, good surgical technique, a temperate environment, and a knowledge of the requirements for achieving one's potential in each and every community.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1993

[Breast cancer in medical history].

Hippocrates, in his days, was already aware of 'karkinos' or 'karkinoma' for tumors, above all the breast. The etiology of the carcinoma of the breast was seen in the fluids of the body. The humoralistic theory persisted till the second half of the 19th century, although considerable progress in the ability of diagnoses and operating techniques had meanwhile been made. In the 19th century a classification of breast cancer was developed and the first statistical analysis presented. Although anesthesia was introduced in 1846 and antisepsis somewhat later, surgical techniques could not be improved until the 20th century, when radiotherapy and hormonal treatment were discovered. Despite all efforts made since antiquity to cure breast cancer, the medical community today is not much further than were the doctors facing the dangers of infectious disease prior to the discovery of antibiotics.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Handwashing in medicine: infrequent use of an ancient practice.

The importance of handwashing in medicine has been identified by individuals for over 700 years. This practice, however, was not widely accepted during the early history of medicine. Handwashing was initially associated with religious and magical ceremonies. Later, public bathing became a social activity, and most recently, handwashing became associated with antisepsis and hygiene. The implications of the history of handwashing for today's physicians are explored.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1996

Receptor binding and internalization of a water-soluble (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan biologic response modifier in two monocyte/macrophage cell lines.

Glucan phosphate, a water-soluble, chemically defined (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan biologic response modifier, has been reported to exert antisepsis activity and accelerate wound healing. In this study we describe the specific binding of glucan phosphate to human and murine monocyte/macrophage cell lines, U937 and J774A.1, respectively. At 37 degrees C, equilibrium binding was rapidly achieved, i.e., within 1 min. In U937 cells, binding occurred with an affinity (Kd) of 37 microM and a Bmax of 65 x 106 binding sites/cell at 37 degrees C. In J774A.1 cells, glucan phosphate bound with an affinity (Kd) of 24 microM and a Bmax of 53 x 106 binding sites/cell at 37 degrees C. In both cases there was insignificant nonspecific binding. We further demonstrated that bound glucan phosphate cannot be displaced by a 50-fold excess of unlabeled ligand, suggesting internalization of glucan phosphate. Transmission electron microscopy showed significantly increased cytoplasmic vacuolization and significantly decreased mitotic activity in glucan phosphate-treated U937 cells compared with that in untreated cells. Pullulan, a random coil alpha-(1-->4)-(1-->6)-linked glucose polymer that served as a control, did not compete for the same binding site as glucan phosphate in either cell line, indicating the specificity of the binding site for (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans. We conclude that water-soluble pharmaceutical grade (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan phosphate specifically binds to and is internalized by U937 and J774A.1 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Does wearing a face mask reduce bacterial wound infection? A literature review.

Current practices of operating room management and sterile technique are direct descendants of the elaborate principles of antisepsis and asepsis set down by Lister. The surgical face mask has become an integral part of the uniform for theatre personnel since its introduction in an attempt to reduce the rate of clinical wound infections (von Mikulicz 1897). The Medical Research Council's (1968) recommendations on aseptic procedure advise donning a new mask for each patient and changing the mask part-way through long procedures (four hours or more). In most hospitals no one is allowed to enter an operating room without wearing a face mask. Anecdotal evidence in the author's own area of practice suggests that surgeons and other theatre personnel consider wearing face masks a nuisance but feel it is the "thing to do". Increasing costs of medical services is now a real problem. In one major teaching hospital in 1990, 10,000 pounds was spent on masks for theatre use (Leyland and McCloy 1993). Although the available clinical data suggests that the present generation of masks does not protect staff either from airborne bacteria or Hepatitis B virus (Ransjo 1986, Reingold 1988), theatre personnel may adopt self-protection as a reason for wearing a mask. It is not the intention of this literature review to examine self protection as a reason for wearing a face mask in theatre but to investigate whether masks do reduce bacterial infections in the postoperative patient.

Bacterial Infections↗