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At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cervix: a report and review of 3 cases.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma was reported in 3 Japanese women. In all cases, the condition followed the same rapid pattern of deterioration described in previous literature. The characteristic cribriform pattern was observed in all patients under a microscope, even in small parts of the tumor. This finding of this tumor may indicate that the adenoid cystic carcinoma is not identical to, but a variation of an undifferentiated carcinoma derived from the reserve cell.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma treated with Mohs micrographic surgery toluidine blue technique.

A patient with primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma treated with Mohs surgery is presented. This tumor is characterized clinically by frequent local recurrences and infrequent metastases. Histologically it demonstrates cribiform islands of tumor cells with an abundance of mucin. Because toluidine blue stains this mucin metachromatically, it may be superior to hematoxylin and eosin for identifying the presence of this tumor. We recommend Mohs micrographic surgery with toluidine blue staining technique for the treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma: ultrastructural study and immunolocalization of types I, III, IV, V collagens and laminin.

A primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the skin is reported. Light microscopy revealed pseudocysts. PAS-positive basement membrane and true glandular lumen, which in aggregates are specific for adenoid cystic carcinoma. Perineural invasion was also observed. Ultrastructural examinations revealed three types of cystic spaces; pseudocysts, true glandular lumens and intercellular spaces. Enzyme histochemical examinations showed positive reactions for eccrine enzymes, including phosphorylase and succinic dehydrogenase and negative for apocrine enzymes. Immunolocalization of collagens and laminin revealed that basement membranes of the pseudocysts involve Type V collagen as well as Type IV collagen and laminin.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

A qualitative and quantitative electronmicroscopic study of the structure of the adenoid cystic carcinoma of human minor salivary glands.

The fine structural characteristics of five adenoid cystic carcinomas of human minor salivary galnds and a quantitative assessment of the relative volumes occupied by morphologically defined cell types in these tumors are reported. We observed that the cyst-like spaces which give the characteristic cribriform pattern to the adenoid cystic carcinoma contain replicated basement membrane-like materail. Material comprisimg aggregates of fine tubules having a median diameter of 270 A, and rounded, electron dense bodies were noted within duct-like lumena of one tumor. In addition, dilatation of the intercellular spaces and squamous metaplasia were noted. From 500 electronmicrographs obtained by standardized techniques and used for the morphological part of the study, 175 were selected by a random sampling method and analyzed by the stereological technique of point counting. This method demonstrated that duct type cells occupied 75% by volume of the tumor in these glands; myoepithelial cells occupied 3%, acinar cells occupied 2%, and other tissues occupied 22% of the tumors. These proportions differ significantly (P less than 0.001) from our previously published figures for normal specimens of these glands.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1983

Tyrosine-rich crystalloids in adenoid cystic carcinoma: histochemical and ultrastructural observations.

Tyrosine-rich crystalloids are described in an example of an adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in an oral minor salivary gland of the hard palate. This represents the first reported case of an adenoid cystic carcinoma of oral minor salivary gland in which tyrosine-rich deposits have been identified. The tyrosine deposits appear refractile but not birefringent at the light microscopic level; and histochemical findings indicate a relatively simple, homogeneous chemical composition rich in tyrosine. Their ultrastructural nature is that of a finely granular, but otherwise patternless, highly electron-dense material. The electron microscopic features of the neoplasm are similar to previous reports. Based upon the findings of this and previous investigations, it is not as yet possible to state whether the tyrosine-rich deposits truly represent a crystalline or amorphous solid.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed1990

Prognostic factors for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: a retrospective evaluation of 96 cases.

Cases of adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary (n = 90) and lacrimal glands (n = 6) from the years 1965-1980 were evaluated retrospectively with regard to clinical, epidemiologic and histomorphologic parameters, and in 52 cases, nuclear DNA content was assessed using a single cell scanning cytophotometry procedure in order to determine prognostic factors. Clinical courses were poor with a high incidence of recurrences, hematogenous metastases and deaths from tumor. Histology was related to prognosis, glandular tumors showing a better prognosis than solid ones. Tumor size greater than 4 cm was correlated with an unfavorable clinical course in all cases. Cytophotometry yielded various types of histograms (7 diploid, 10 proliferative, 14 triploid, 19 atypical, 2 tetraploid). Significant correlations were found as to the time of survival, tumors with diploid histograms showing the longest intervals and those with atypical ones the shortest. Although the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma remains poor, cytophotometry can offer additional prognostic information in the individual case.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with centromere-specific DNA probes of chromosomes 3 and 17 in pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas.

Aberrations of chromosomes 3 and 17 were studied by FISH using centromere-specific DNA probes in 11 salivary adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) and 8 salivary pleomorphic adenomas (PA), with 3 lymph nodes as controls. Two hybridized signals were detected in 92.8 +/- 2.7% of controls, 73.2 +/- 7.0% of PA and 66.8 +/- 7.9% of ACC cells for chromosome 3, and in 90.4 +/- 2.3% of controls, 59.5 +/- 25.0% of PA and 44.8 +/- 20.2% of ACC for chromosome 17. More than 3 hybridized signals, which indicate polysomy, were observed in 3.1% of controls, 15.5% of PA and 22.9% of ACC cells for chromosome 3, and in 1.2% of controls, 10.3% of PA and 23.1% of ACC cells for chromosome 17. A single hybridized signal was much more frequent for chromosome 17 than for chromosome 3. These findings suggest that polysomy of both chromosomes occurs during the development of salivary gland tumors, and its frequency is increased in adenoid cystic carcinoma as compared to pleomorphic adenoma. In addition, monosomy of chromosome 17 could possibly be significant in salivary gland tumors.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1996

Pseudocyst formation by adenoid cystic carcinoma cells in collagen gel culture and in SCID mice.

In order to reconstruct the characteristic three-dimensional architecture of adenoid cystic carcinoma, we cultured ACC2 cells, a cell system established from a human adenoid cystic carcinoma of the palate, in collagen gel matrix and transplanted them in SCID mice. In the collagen gel culture, the cells formed spherical colonies measuring 75.6 +/- 14.6 microns in diameter by 6 days after seeding. The tumor cell nests contained vacuolar structures that were immunopositive for heparan sulfate proteoglycan, type III collagen, type IV collagen, and fibronectin. The rim of the nests was argyrophilic and immunopositive for type I collagen, type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. Transplants of ACC2 cells in SCID mice grew to form tumor masses in which pseudocysts were formed. The results indicate that our collagen gel culture system provides physiological conditions for ACC2 cells to secrete particular extracellular matrix molecules and form pseudocystic spaces.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The invitro response of lymphocytes from adenoid vegetations and tonsils to PPD. Influence of autologous blood monocytes, T lymphocytes and unseparated lymphocytes.

Thymidine incorporation in lymphocytes obtained from adenoids (AVL), tonsils (TL) and blood (PBL) and stimulated by PPD was compared in 19 BCG-vaccinated patients. Responses were approximately tenfold higher in vaccinated than in unvaccinated patients. The responses obtained for AVL/TL were lower than for PBL in BCG-vaccinated as well as in unvaccinated patients. In autologous mixtures of AVL/TL and PBL a linear increase in thymidine incorporation was obtained with increasing numbers of PBL. The monocyte concentration in cell suspensions obtained from adenoid and tonsil tissue was lower than in cells prepared from blood; addition of autologous monocytes purified from blood to cultures of AVL and TL was followed by a small increase in response to PPD, but not to the level of responsiveness of PBL. Addition of autologous T lymphocytes purified from blood to cultues of AVL and TL was followed by a small increase in thymidine incorporation, of similar proportions in cultures with and without PPD. It is concluded that the proportion of PPD-sensitized lymphocytes is smaller in AVL/TL than in PBL.

Adenoids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen as marker of myoepithelial and basal cells in the parotid gland, pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas. An immunohistological comparison between T and sialosyl-T antigens, alpha-smooth muscle actin and cytokeratin 14.

Controversy centres on the role and identification of myoepithelial (MEC) and basal cells in salivary gland tumours, and recent studies suggest that both basal cells and myoepithelial cells participate in the formation of salivary gland tumours. We have correlated the expression of different well-known markers of normal MEC/basal cells (i.e. alpha-smooth muscle actin and cytokeratin 14) with T (Thomsen-Friedenreich) antigen and its sialylated derivative: sialosyl-T antigen,) in 17 normal parotid glands and in two tumour types with MEC participation (i.e pleomorphic adenomas (PA) and adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC)) using immunohistology with well-defined monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Paraffin-embedded/fresh frozen tissue sections were studied from 33/17 patients with PA and 15/7 patients with ACC. In normal parotid tissue coexpression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin 14, T and sialosyl-T antigens was found in all MEC and in some of the basal cells lining striated ducts. The remaining basal cells exclusively expressed cytokeratin 14, T and sialosyl-T antigens. In the tumours, cells believed to be modified myoepithelial cells showed two different staining patterns: 1) Coexpression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin 14, T and sialosyl-T antigens, and 2) Coexpression of cytokeratin 14, T and sialosyl-T antigens, but no alpha-smooth muscle actin. The epithelial ductular structures in the tumours showed aberrant expression of cytokeratin 14, T and sialosyl-T antigens, and cytokeratin 14 was the only marker of cells in solid undifferentiated areas of adenoid cystic carcinomas. Our study supports the view, that modified "myoepithelial" cells in the tumours consist of a mixture of basal cells and myoepithelial cells. None of the investigated structures was in itself an ideal marker in the identification of MEC/basal cells. The cells can be identified by a combination of markers (i.e. cytokeratin 14, alpha-smooth-muscle actin, T and sialosyl-T antigens).

Actins↗
PubMed1997

The microbial ecology and immunology of the adenoid: implications for otitis media.

The nasopharyngeal tonsil, or adenoid, is a major inductive site for the synthesis of J-chain-positive B cells that may migrate to other areas of the upper respiratory tract, such as the nasal mucosa, the parotid gland, the lacrimal gland, and the middle ear during inflammation. The production of secretory IgA by both the nasopharyngeal tonsil and the nasal mucosa plays a major role in local immune protection against bacteria and viruses. The release of cytokines from Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes must be appropriate for B cells to produce IgA. The factors or mechanisms responsible for this are not, at present, known, but it appears that there is a difference in the profiles of cytokine secretion by Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in the adenoids in both otitis-prone, as well as nonotitis-prone children. We have suggested that if this specific immune system does not protect the host from invasion by potential pathogens, there are other modalities of therapy to protect the nasopharynx from colonization with pathogenic bacteria or viruses. These include the production of specific antibodies against bacterial surface proteins that have been identified as mucin-binding proteins. Alteration of the microbial flora with commensal organisms such as viridans streptococci can be utilized. These alpha-hemolytic streptococci probably function by producing an acid environment that prevents colonization of organisms such as nontypeable H. influenzae. Finally, the induction of specific SIgA by conserved outer membrane protein antigens of potential pathogens may be another strategy in the prevention of colonization of potential bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of the adherence of fimbriated and nonfimbriated Haemophilus influenzae type b to human adenoids in organ culture.

Adherence of fimbriated and nonfimbriated variants of a single strain of Haemophilus influenzae type b to organ cultures of human adenoidal tissue was measured by three assays, two of which were quantitative. In one assay, the adherence of radioactively labeled bacteria was measured; the numbers of CFU of bacteria per gram of adenoidal tissue were 16.0 +/- 6.7 for fimbriated bacteria and 10.2 +/- 4.0 for nonfimbriated bacteria (P less than 0.05). In the second assay, adherent CFU were determined directly; the results were 23.4 +/- 17.2 CFU/g of tissue for fimbriated bacteria and 5.1 +/- 2.2 CFU/g for the nonfimbriated variant (P less than 0.02). By combining data from the two assays it appears that fimbriated and nonfimbriated bacteria do not compete for the same site on the tissue, and that the adherent bacteria do not change their state of fimbriation under the assay conditions used. In contrast, the third assay, scanning electron microscopy, showed very poor adherence of nonfimbriated bacteria. Fimbriated bacteria, on the other hand, adhered in clusters to nonciliated epithelial cells. Overall, the data indicate that fimbriae enhance adherence of H. influenzae type b to a type of tissue that is a normal site of human colonization and that nonfimbriated bacteria adhere by a distinctly different mechanism.

Adenoids↗
PubMed2006

Adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma of the prostate strongly expresses HER-2/neu.

Adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma (ACBCC) is a rare neoplasm in the prostate. Definitive treatment is warranted, as among 19 patients previously reported by us, 5 had extraprostatic extension and 4 were metastatic. The HER-2/neu (c-erbB-2) gene has been reportedly overexpressed in adenoid cystic carcinomas in other organs, but its status in prostatic ACBCC was uncertain. Immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridisation were carried out in 13 patients with ACBCC (11 from transurethral resection, 2 prostatectomy). One patient had metastasis to the lung. Citrate buffer and steam heat were used for antigen retrieval. Ten acinar adenocarcinomas of varying grades were also immunostained as controls. Protein and mRNA expression were 2+ to 3+ (of 3+) in all patients with ACBCC, compared to a breast cancer control with strong reactivity, whereas protein expression was noted in only one acinar carcinoma and mRNA expression was absent in all acinar carcinomas. Benign acini expressed HER-2/neu only in the basal layer. The finding of strong, consistent HER-2/neu expression in ACBCC suggests that treatment with Herceptin (trastuzumab) may be effective in patients with this rare tumour.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Spatial organisation of microbiota in quiescent adenoiditis and tonsillitis.

BACKGROUND: The reasons for recurrent adenotonsillitis are poorly understood. METHODS: The in situ composition of microbiota of nasal (5 children, 25 adults) and of hypertrophied adenoid and tonsillar tissue (50 children, 20 adults) was investigated using a broad range of fluorescent oligonucleotide probes targeted to bacterial rRNA. None of the patients had clinical signs of infection at the time of surgery. RESULTS: Multiple foci of ongoing purulent infections were found within hypertrophied adenoid and tonsillar tissue in 83% of patients, including islands and lawns of bacteria adherent to the epithelium, with concomitant marked inflammatory response, fissures filled with bacteria and pus, and diffuse infiltration of the tonsils by bacteria, microabscesses, and macrophages containing phagocytosed microorganisms. Haemophilusinfluenzae mainly diffusely infiltrated the tissue, Streptococcus and Bacteroides were typically found in fissures, and Fusobacteria,Pseudomonas and Burkholderia were exclusively located within adherent bacterial layers and infiltrates. The microbiota were always polymicrobial. CONCLUSIONS: Purulent processes persist during asymptomatic periods of adenotonsillitis. Most bacteria involved in this process are covered by a thick inflammatory infiltrate, are deeply invading, or are located within macrophages. The distribution of the bacteria within tonsils may be responsible for the failure of antibiotic treatment.

Abscess↗
PubMed1988

Ectopic release of GHRH and ACTH from an adenoid cystic carcinoma resulting in acromegaly and complicated by pituitary infarction.

A 23 year old man presented with a tumour mass in the lung. Subsequent investigation showed ectopic secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) from an adenoid cystic carcinoma. The patient progressed to show the clinical effects of long term exposure to high blood levels of both growth hormone and cortisol. The case was complicated by pituitary infarction. The very high blood levels of ACTH, growth hormone (GH) and GHRH proved resistant to treatment with the somatostatin analogue, SMS 201-995, and a possible side effect of the drug is reported. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of ectopic hormone secretion by an adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed2000

Successful primary radiation therapy of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a distinctive malignant neoplasm generally arising from minor salivary glands, that arises infrequently as a primary tumor in the lung. Surgery has been considered the primary treatment, with radiotherapy generally utilized as adjuvant or palliative treatment. We report a patient in whom primary radiotherapy was sucessfully applied to treat adenoid cystic carcinoma involving the distal trachea, carina, and both main stem bronchi. A total dose of 66 Gy was delivered in 2-Gy fractions over a 7-week period. Clinically and histologically complete remission was achieved without evidence of disease during a 27-month follow up.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The human adenoidal mast cell. Susceptibility to different secretagogues and secretion inhibitors.

Mast cells from adenoid tissues of man do not form a homogeneous population but differ in size and ultrastructure. They degranulate on stimulation with specific antigen, ionophore A 23187, Concanavalin A and, under certain conditions, antihuman IgE or acetylcholine. Compound 48/80, dextran, purified C3a or C5a are ineffective. Adenosine exerts either an enhancing or inhibiting effect on the stimulated histamine release, depending on the actual conditions of the mast cells. The study of a range of known mast cell degranulation inhibitors revealed important differences between human adenoidal mast cells and human basophils or animal mast cell systems. The efficacies of the drugs or drug combinations so far tested correspond well with the established therapeutic effects in man.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1991

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of Bartholin's gland: a clinical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of a case with regard to its histogenesis.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of Bartholin's gland is a rare tumor, of which 45 cases including the present one have been reported in the literature. Although the histogenesis of this tumor is still controversial, the tumor is suspected to be of myoepithelial origin, and most studies have been performed on the salivary glands with few reports concerning Bartholin's gland. We report a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of Bartholin's gland with regard to its histogenesis. A typical tumor nest had three main components: true luminary structures containing sialomucins, solid monotonous cells of a myoepithelial nature, and numerous pseudocysts containing abundant proteoglycans and basal membrane-like materials. From these results we speculate that reserve cells located in the intercalated small ducts of Bartholin's gland may have the potential to differentiate into two cell types, myoepithelial and luminary cells, the former forming the pseudocysts.

Bartholin's Glands↗