Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ABDOMEN”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Gangrenous cholecystitis without lithiasis. A report on a case diagnosed by simple radiography of the abdomen (author's transl)].

The authors report a case of gangrenous cholecystitis without lithiasis but with secondary infection of the gallbladder by anaerobic germs. Pre-operative diagnosis was possible from simple x-rays of the abdomen which demonstrated an obvious fluid level in the gallbladder, and by parietography. An immediate cholecystectomy was performed. Bacteriological examination of the bile confirmed the presence of Clostridium perfringens. The main bile duct appeared normal and the bile in the common bile duct was sterile. Convalescence was uneventful with antibiotic cover, in spite of the age and condition of the patient. Gangrenous cholecystitis occurs more frequently without gallbladder stones in humans. Clinical signs are not specific but simple x-rays of the abdomen are pathognomonic and enable pre-operative diagnosis to be made. Urgent cholecystectomy appears to be the ideal treatment. This affection has a high mortality and early operation is therefore justified.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Studies on the prevalence of renal disease and hypertension in relation to schistosomiasis. V. Radiological findings: plain X-ray abdomen and intravenous pyelogram.

After studying two rural communities with varing endemicity of urinary schistosomiasis by total cross-sectional population survey, a stratified sample was obtained using defined criteria. Plain X-ray abdomen and intravenous pyelogram were carried out on the sample. Findings on plain X-ray of the abdomen, using the usual parameters of psoas and kidney shadows in the Nigerian, indicate that the two communities studied are similar but urinary calculi and urinary tract distortion are significantly more prominent in the community with the higher endemicity of urinary schistosomiasis.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1994

Aspirative cytology with fine-needle in the abdomen, retroperitoneum and pelvic cavity: a seven year experience of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Center of Porto.

A review was made of 236 fine-needle aspiration cytologies (FNAC), guided by ultrasound, computerized tomography or fluoroscopy, performed in the abdomen, retroperitoneum and pelvic cavity. Seventy-three FNAC were from the liver, 41 from the kidneys, 30 from the pelvic cavity, 26 from the retroperitoneum, 24 from the peritoneal cavity, 13 from the pancreas, 11 from the adrenal glands, nine from the abdominal wall, seven from the spleen and two from the digestive tract. The total accuracy rate was 90%, ranging from 77% in the abdominal wall lesions to 100% in the splenic lesions. Indications for FNAC and results are discussed as well as the accuracy rate obtained with different guiding modalities. We conclude considering FNAC a safe, unexpensive and reliable method to confirm the diagnosis of malignant lesions in the abdomen, retroperitoneum and pelvic cavity.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Spiral CT of the abdomen: clinical applications.

Spiral CT is a technique for rapid scan acquisition. It involves continuous scanning as the patient is advanced at a constant rate through the CT gantry. This eliminates interscan delay and the gap between scan slices. The acquired scan is a volume dataset, resulting in improved multidimensional displays. The entire abdomen is scanned within approximately 30 s, so that optimal contrast dynamics for evaluation of the vasculature are easily obtained. High levels of parenchymal enhancement are readily achieved throughout the duration of the scan. These factors also contribute to the improved quality of the multidimensional displays. In this article, applications and clinical experience with spiral CT in the abdomen are reviewed.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Blows to the maternal abdomen causing fetal demise: report of three cases and a review of the literature.

Traumatic abruption results in 6% of third-trimester gravidas who are hit or kicked in the abdomen during assaults. Three cases are presented in which blows inflicted to the abdomen of pregnant women in their third trimester resulted in the death of the fetus due to abruptio placentae. Two cases were domestic altercations while one was a third-party criminal assault. In all cases the gravida herself escaped significant intra-abdominal injury, and external abdominal findings were minimal. The clinical signs were a history of loss of fetal movements shortly after the assault and loss of fetal heart tones within hours after the assault. One patient had vaginal bleeding; one had uterine contractions. In the cases of domestic abuse, both women initially gave false histories of how the injury occurred.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical evaluation of two- and three-dimensional imaging of helical scanning CT in the upper abdomen].

To evaluate the usefulness of helical scanning CT of the upper abdomen, 30 patients with hepatic, adrenal, pancreatic and renal disease were examined using a Toshiba CT system, the Xforce. Helical scanning CT data were acquired using up to 20 continuous 1.5-second rotations, with a 1.5-3 ml bolus injection of contrast medium, and during a single breath-hold. Helical scanning provided both better data continuity and resolution than conventional scanning. The axial images with a slice thickness of 5 mm were not inferior in quality to equivalent images acquired by conventional CT, and multiplanar reconstruction images were superior. Targeted structures could be easily obtained because helical scanning CT permits image reconstruction in any direction. Using a CEMAX-VIPstation, we generated three-dimensional display images of high-density structures from the postcontrast data acquired with helical scanning. On these images, it was easy to observe the high-density tumors three-dimensionally and to determine the position of the tumors relative to the high-density surrounding organs. In conclusion, helical scanning CT was considered to be useful in clinical diagnosis involving the upper abdomen.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sonography of appendicitis and acute diseases of the lower abdomen.

The high diagnostic ability of sonography for the solid organs of the upper abdomen and the biliary and genitourinary tract is well established. The gut on the other hand has been more or less ignored by many sonographers in routine abdominal screening and evaluation of the acute abdomen. This is regrettable because sonography, like CT, is an excellent modality for assessing mural abnormalities of various origin (i.e. neoplastic, inflammatory, ischemic or hemorrhagic), as well as possible involvement of the adjacent soft tissues and solid organs. Considerable sonographic skill and "tenacity" and an adequate equipment are however indispensable to achieve high diagnostic reliability in the detection and interpretation of abnormalities of the G-I tract. Our own and other's experience suggest that the time devoted to sonographic screening of the gut is very worthwhile especially in acute clinical conditions. Acute appendicitis is one of the typical examples where sonography has found widespread acceptance. This article reviews the application of graded compression sonography in the evaluation of appendicitis, for using on technique, diagnostic criteria, and differential diagnosis.

Appendicitis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Closure of the abdomen by mesh for planned re-laparotomy. A technical modification.

Temporary closure of the abdomen with a synthetic mesh and multiple planned relaparotomies are the essentials of the modern strategy for treating severe intra-abdominal sepsis or pancreatic necrosis. One of the complications associated with mesh closure of the abdomen is facial necrosis at the wound edges leading to evisceration. Tension of the strictures between mesh and facia called local ischemia, which combined with infection leads to the facial disintegration and separation of the mesh from the abdominal wall. A modified technique of suturing the mesh was developed in our department and its technical details are presented. Twenty-four patients treated with the "open abdominal technique and planned relaparotomies" are presented. The new technique was used in 9 patients for closure of evisceration after mesh separation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Surgical tactics in firearm wounds of abdomen].

Determination of sound surgical tactics in all diversity of clinical manifestations of fire-arm injuries of the abdomen, especially in conditions mass evacuation of the wounded is one of the most complicated problems of war-field surgery. On the basis of the experience in treatment of 343 patients with fire-arm wounds of the abdomen the authors have developed an algorythm of surgical tactics in such kind of injuries which ensures adequate surgical aid to all wounded.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1989

Clinical decision making and laparoscopy versus computer prediction in the management of the acute abdomen.

A prospective study has been undertaken of 321 patients with acute abdominal pain admitted to hospital under one surgical firm over a period of 21 months. During the first 10 months patients were classified on admission according to the perceived need for operation, with laparoscopy being performed on all those in whom the need for operation was uncertain. In addition, all women with suspected appendicitis underwent laparoscopy because previous studies by us and others have demonstrated a high error rate in this group. During the second 11 months of the study a similar system of classification and procedure was used but the patient's initial assessment was entered on a structured data sheet. After the patient had been discharged home this information was entered into a computer-aided diagnosis program. Hypothetical retrospective computer-aided decisions were then made about patient management. The final management error rate (correct decision to operate or not) was compared with the actual error rate using the clinical system. The final overall error rate in the first 10 months was 11 out of 163 patients and this was improved to 3 out of 158 in the second 11 months of the study by the addition of the structured data sheet to selective laparoscopy. A management policy based entirely on diagnostic probabilities taken from the computer-aided diagnosis program would have produced an error rate of 26 out of 158. We conclude that in the management of the acute abdomen a policy based on clinical decision combined with selective laparoscopy may be superior to one based on diagnostic probabilities alone. Further improvement in results follows the introduction of a structured data sheet for initial data collection.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2005

Surgical abdomen of the calf.

Although underrepresented compared with infectious diseases, calves' surgical abdomen diseases and abdominal surgery are a part of daily veterinary practice. Clinical presentations may differ from adult cattle and change rapidly. The decision whether to perform abdominal surgery or refer the animal has to take into consideration the condition and its prognosis for the calf. This article discusses clinical presentation of calves and focuses on specific situations with a detailed description of the surgical techniques, atresia coli, and umbilical remnants infection.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1997

The acute abdomen in the critically ill patient.

The critically ill patient with an acute abdomen represents a great challenge for the surgeon. The physiologic derangement that is associated with the critically ill state both fuels and is fueled by acute abdominal processes. Improvements in critical care and cardiopulmonary bypass technique have allowed for a group of patients to evolve that are susceptible to the complications of prolonged flow states. This article focuses on the abdominal consequences of support of the critically ill patient, as well as, the diagnostic and therapeutic options that are available to treat these patients.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1987

Haemorrhage into a urachal cyst presenting as an 'acute abdomen'.

A previously well 3 year old Asian girl presented as an emergency with the acute onset of generalized abdominal pain. On examination her abdomen was distended with generalized tenderness and guarding most marked centrally. Under anaesthesia a central abdominal mass arising from the pelvis was palpated which on proceeding to laparotomy was found to be a blood-filled urachal cyst. This was excised and her recovery was uneventful. Subsequent investigations have revealed no associated renal tract abnormalities.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

[Vasculitis-related acute abdomen in systemic lupus erythematosus--ultrasound appearances in lupus patients with intra-abdominal vasculitis].

Although an acute abdomen often occurs in lupus patients, definitive treatment is commonly delayed due to the difficulty in diagnosis. We performed an abdominal ultrasound (US) in two patients with severe abdominal pain and recognized mural thickenings of intestinal walls. In the first case high dose prednisone was given for severe abdominal pain, with subsequent perforation of sigmoid colon. Pathological specimens showed a thrombotic vasculitis in the mesenteric artery and arteriole of intestinal walls. In the second case physical examination elicited a rebound tenderness. An abdominal X-ray demonstrated a gasless ileus and US also showed marked thickening of intestinal walls, 16 mm in thickness. A CT scan revealed the same findings in the entire bowel. After high dose methylprednisolone was administered, her symptoms markedly improved. The mural thickenings disappeared within 10 days as seen by abdominal ultrasound examination. The US is very useful in order to make an early diagnosis of intestinal vasculitis, showing as edema (but non-specific) of intestinal wall and we can use it safely and repetitively without exposure to radiation, compared with other examinations, such as CT scan and gastrointestinal contrast study etc. The US is not only useful in diagnosis, but also helpful for follow up of patients after the initiation of treatment.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2004

Placenta percreta causing acute abdomen in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Two cases of acute abdomen due to haemoperitoneum caused by placenta percreta in the second trimester are presented. Both had a history of previous lower segment caesarean section, a factor well-known to predispose the condition. However, the rarity of the condition, presenting in mid pregnancy makes diagnosis and management difficult. Optimum ways of management are discussed.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1982

Peripheral nerve injuries resulting from common surgical procedures in the lower portion of the abdomen.

Twenty-three patients had a painful ilioinguinal and/or iliohypogastric nerve entrapment syndrome following common surgical procedures in the lower portion of the abdomen (appendectomy, repair of inguinal hernia, and gynecologic procedures through transverse incision). The diagnostic triad of nerve entrapment after operation comprises (1) typical burning or lancinating pain near the incision that radiates to the area supplied by the nerve, (2) clear evidence of impaired sensory perception of the nerve, and (3) pain relieved by infiltration with anesthetic for local effects at the site where the two nerves leave the internal oblique muscle. Surgical repair of the scar with resection of the compromised nerve is the most effective treatment. Sixteen patients became symptom free after neurectomy, seven still suffer chronic pain in the scar.

Abdomen↗