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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Proceedings for the 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Disaster Medicine: creating an agenda for action.

Disaster medicine has come to the forefront and has become the focus of interest not only in the medical community, but also in the eyes of the public. The 5th APCDM was convened in Vancouver, Canada, 27-30 September 2000. It brought together over 300 delegates from 32 countries to share their experiences and thoughts regarding disaster events and how to effectively manage them. The conference was devoted to the task of establishing priorities and creating an Agenda for Action. From the discussions, key actions required were defined: COMMUNICATIONS: (1) Identify existing regional telehealth groups and gather lessons to be learned from them; (2) Form a telehealth advisory group to work with regional groups to compile telehealth initiatives, identify international protocols in telehealth already in existence, and solicit feedback before setting international standards; and (3) Increase corporate partnerships in the fields of telehealth and telecommunications, and invite corporations to send delegates to future APCDM meetings. This should be an initiative of the APCDM, the World Association of Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM), or the European Society of Emergency Medicine. EDUCATION AND RESEARCH: (1) Formalize education in disaster medicine and management. The World Health Organization and WADEM should take a leadership role; (2) WADEM is requested to hold a conference with a focus on qualitative research; (3) WHO is requested to continue the provision of international research teams, but to advocate for the development of national disaster research infrastructure; (4) Make research findings and reports available on web sites of such organizations as WHO and PAHO; (5) Develop the translation of research for community utilization. The WHO and PAHO are organizations that are requested to consider this action; and (6) WADEM/APCDM are requested to focus future conferences on applied research. INFORMATION AND DATA: (1) Create an "Information and Data Clearinghouse on Disaster Management" to collect, collate, and disseminate information; (2) Collect data using standardized tools, such as CAR or Hazmat indices; (3) Analyze incentives and disincentives for disaster readiness and establish mechanisms for addressing the obstacles to preparedness; and (4) WADEM is requested to develop a web site providing a resource list of interdisciplinary institutions and response activities, organized by country, topic, and research interests. Links to other pertinent web sites should be provided. INTERDISCIPLINARY DEVELOPMENT: (1) Focus on the interdisciplinary nature of disaster response through more conferences encompassing grassroots efforts and through WADEM publications; (2) Develop and apply a standardized template of Needs Assessment for use by multidisciplinary teams. Team Needs Assessment is essential to determine the following: (a) Local response and international assistance required; (b) Appropriate command system; and (c) Psychosocial impact and support necessary. PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS: (1) Incorporate relief for caregivers into action plans. This should include prime family members who also are caregivers; and (2) Implement measures that give survivors control over the recovery process. RESPONSE MANAGEMENT: (1) Define relationships and roles between governments, military and security personnel, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and civic groups. Use an international legal framework and liability to reinforce accountability of disaster responders; (2) Establish a more sophisticated use of the media during disasters; (3) Establish standards in key areas. WADEM is requested to write "White Papers" on standards for the following areas: (a) management, (b) health/public health, (c) education/training, (d) psychosocial, and (e) disaster plans; (4) Establish task forces to anticipate and resolve issues around evolving and emerging disasters (e.g., chemical and biological terrorism, landmines, emerging infectious diseases). WADEM was again identified as the vehicle for promoting this action. The responsibility of the next meeting of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Disaster Medicine will be to measure progress made in these areas by assessing how well these collective decisions have been implemented.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A radiology department intranet: development and applications.

An intranet is a "private Internet" that uses the protocols of the World Wide Web to share information resources within a company or with the company's business partners and clients. The hardware requirements for an intranet begin with a dedicated Web server permanently connected to the departmental network. The heart of a Web server is the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) service, which receives a page request from a client's browser and transmits the page back to the client. Although knowledge of hypertext markup language (HTML) is not essential for authoring a Web page, a working familiarity with HTML is useful, as is knowledge of programming and database management. Security can be ensured by using scripts to write information in hidden fields or by means of "cookies." Interfacing databases and database management systems with the Web server and conforming the user interface to HTML syntax can be achieved by means of the common gateway interface (CGI), Active Server Pages (ASP), or other methods. An intranet in a radiology department could include the following types of content: on-call schedules, work schedules and a calendar, a personnel directory, resident resources, memorandums and discussion groups, software for a radiology information system, and databases.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implementing Web-based instruction in a school of nursing: implications for faculty and students.

The World Wide Web, a rich educational resource that can promote and enhance student learning, is increasingly being used in nursing programs to deliver course content. When implementing Web-based instruction into the curriculum, it is essential to consider carefully the implications for faculty and student development needs so that the technology can be efficiently and effectively used to support student learning. Teaching a Web-based course is a new experience for many faculty and requires a reconceptualization of the faculty role. Faculty issues to consider when implementing Web-based instruction include instructional design concerns, faculty-student interactions, time and technology management skills, and student outcome evaluation. Students, especially those who have a preference for faculty-directed classroom learning, also will find student role challenges in Web-based learning. Time and technology management skills, student-faculty interactions, and becoming more self-directed in their learning are student role development needs. This article describes the strategies used by one school of nursing to meet faculty and student development needs when the RN-BSN completion program was redesigned for Web-based instruction.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed2004

Cystic fibrosis on the Internet: a survey of site adherence to AMA guidelines.

OBJECTIVES: The Internet permits unprecedented and mostly unrestricted access to medical knowledge; however, concerns exist regarding viewer privacy, accountability of authorship, accuracy of information, and patient safety. To address these issues, the American Medical Association (AMA) has developed guidelines concerning web site content and visitor rights. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetically inherited lethal disease in North America. Many Internet sites that provide information on CF have been developed, although adherence to validated guidelines for online health information is not required. The purpose of this study was to assess systematically web sites with content pertaining to CF for adherence to the published AMA guidelines. METHODS: The search term "cystic fibrosis" was entered into a commonly used search engine (Google), and the first 100 eligible sites were reviewed. Each site was examined for adherence to the AMA Guidelines for Medical and Health Information Sites on the Internet using a series of adapted questions. There were 15 questions divided into the following main categories: 1) site structure and viewer privacy, 2) author accountability, 3) scientific citation, and 4) patient safety. The number of positives for each question was tabulated. RESULTS: With respect to site structure, fewer than half (45%) of the reviewed sites indicated a date of last revision. Only 11 (11%) carried an explicit privacy policy. A responsible author or group was listed in only 43 (43%) of 100 sites. Presented data regarding CF was supported by references, sources, or expert review in only 38 (38%) of 100 sites. A medical disclaimer noting that information provided does not substitute for evaluation by a health care team was evident in only 37 (37%) sites. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of easily accessible CF informational web sites do not adhere to guidelines published by the AMA. Patients and families who use the Internet as a CF information resource should examine the web sites carefully and be familiar with the guidelines established by the AMA. Personal information is not protected, and few sites provide explicit privacy guarantees. Finally, CF care teams should inquire about Internet use by patients and families and be prepared to discuss findings from the Internet to heighten patient safety and awareness.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed2003

Mixotrophs combine resource use to outcompete specialists: implications for aquatic food webs.

The majority of organisms can be grouped into those relying solely on photosynthesis (phototrophy) or those relying solely on the assimilation of organic substances (heterotrophy) to meet their requirements for energy and carbon. However, a special life history trait exists in which organisms combine both phototrophy and heterotrophy. Such "mixotrophy" is a widespread phenomenon in aquatic habitats and is observed in many protozoan and metazoan organisms. The strategy requires investment in both photosynthetic and heterotrophic cellular apparatus, and the benefits must outweigh these costs. In accordance with mechanistic resource competition theory, laboratory experiments revealed that pigmented mixotrophs combined light, mineral nutrients, and prey as substitutable resources. Thereby, they reduced prey abundance below the critical food concentration of competing specialist grazers [Rothhaupt, K. O. (1996) Ecology 77, 716-724]. Here, we demonstrate the important consequences of this strategy for an aquatic community. In the illuminated surface strata of a lake, mixotrophs reduced prey abundance steeply. The data suggest that, as a consequence, grazers from higher trophic levels, consuming both the mixotrophs and their prey, could not persist. Thus, the mixotrophs escaped from competition with and losses to higher grazers. Furthermore, the mixotrophs structured prey abundance along the vertical light gradient, creating low densities near the surface and a pronounced maximum of their algal prey at depth. Such deep algal accumulations are typical features of nutrient-poor aquatic habitats, previously explained by resource availability. We hypothesize instead that the mixotrophic grazing strategy is responsible for deep algal accumulations in many aquatic environments.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The directory of P450-containing systems on WorldWide Web.

To facilitate access to electronic resources for all researchers working in the field of P450 proteins and P450-containing systems, a WorldWide Web server has been established called The Directory of P450-containing Systems at < http://www.icgeb.trieste.it/p450/ >. Currently it contains the most up-to-date list of sequences of both the P450 superfamily and proteins mediating electron transfer to P450, i.e. NADPH:P450 reductases, specific NAD(P)H:ferredoxin reductases, cytochrome b5 reductases, ferredoxins and cytochromes b5, and their homologues from different enzyme systems. All the referenced sequences are provided with accession numbers and cross-links to major sequence databanks: PIR, SWISS-PROT, EMBL/GenBank and PRF.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Effects of organizational scheme and labeling on task performance in product-centered and user-centered retail Web sites.

As companies increase the quantity of information they provide through their Web sites, it is critical that content is structured with an appropriate architecture. However, resource constraints often limit the ability of companies to apply all Web design principles completely. This study quantifies the effects of two major information architecture principles in a controlled study that isolates the incremental effects of organizational scheme and labeling on user performance and satisfaction. Sixty participants with a wide range of Internet and on-line shopping experience were recruited to complete a series of shopping tasks on a prototype retail shopping Web site. User-centered labels provided a significant benefit in performance and satisfaction over labels obtained through company-centered methods. User-centered organization did not result in improved performance except when the label quality was poor. Significant interactions suggest specific guidelines for allocating resources in Web site design. Applications of this research include the design of Web sites for any commercial application, particularly E-commerce.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The protein kinase resource and other bioinformation resources.

The Internet, especially the World Wide Web has transformed how today's researchers communicate, share information, and analyze their data. Unfortunately, the vast number of online databases, information resources and analytical tools, some of them masked by unfamiliar titles and Internet addresses, has hindered their universal and effective use by the research community. To overcome these hurdles, subject- and function-specific compendiums are now available which organize information and online tolls in a manner familiar to the biological researcher. The Protein Kinase Resource and the CMS Molecular Biology Resource are two excellent examples of web compendia.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed1996

Creating a virtual materials and resources index for health education using the World Wide Web.

The Internet represents the principal system for distributing information worldwide, offering health educators a powerful communications medium. This article describes an assignment that teaches students how to use the World Wide Web (WWW). The first part provides an overview of the Internet, its principal services. browser software, and Netscape Navigator. The second part describes the assignment, complete with instructional objectives, computer facilities used to implement the strategy, and a summary of classroom and laboratory activities. The third part describes procedures for teaching students how to use the WWW. Students learn how to explore the WWW and to develop a customized virtual directory of health materials and resources using Netscape Navigator Bookmark tools. Recommendations on how the approach can be modified are offered.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Administration of a World Wide Web site during a period of rapid growth: the OncoLink experience.

OncoLink is a cancer information resource on the World Wide Web that provides a wide variety of information for both patients and health care providers. Introduced in March 1994, OncoLink has enjoyed a 50-fold increase in use since then, with more than 1.8 million accesses per month as of February 1997. New items are added daily, and the OncoLink Web site currently contains more than 10,000 files. During this period of rapid growth, the complexity of managing and maintaining OncoLink has increased as well. Consequently, we developed administrative procedures to handle our workload, which involves content editing, technical (or production) editing, and Web site maintenance. The new strategies have greatly reduced the need for face-to-face meetings of our editorial and production staffs. The rapid growth of OncoLink would not have been possible without these efficient new strategies for managing its daily operation.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Course redesign. Incorporating an Internet web site into an existing nursing class.

The representation of nurses and the discipline of nursing on the Internet is a growing and important contribution to the profession. Nursing students must be prepared for the impact technology will have on their careers. Nursing faculties can assist in the preparation of students for the role technology plays by creatively introducing computers and the Internet into the curriculum. An Internet web site was incorporated into an existing sophomore nursing course entitled "Nursing Issues: A Compendium." The course content defined the scope of the web site. The purpose of the web site was to provide a resource for further study and research into the professional issues facing nurses today. A web site evaluation tool assisted students in thinking critically about nursing resources available on the Internet. The students evaluated each web site they located for usefulness to nurses and nursing students. The benefits described by the students included learning how to use a computer, e-mail, and the Internet to locate professional information. The nursing students obtained a broader perspective of the profession.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1999

Object oriented Transcription Factors Database (ooTFD).

ooTFD is an object-oriented database for the representation of information pertaining to transcription factors, the proteins and biochemical entities which play a central role in the regulation of gene expression. Given the recent explosion of genome sequence information, and that a large percentage of proteins encoded by fully sequenced genomes fall into this category, information pertaining to this class of molecules may become an essential aspect of biology and of genomics in the 21st century. In the past year, there was a small increase in the size of this database, and a number of new tools to facilitate data access and analysis have been added at the MIRAGE (Molecular Informatics Resource for the Analysis of Gene Expression) web site. ooTFD and associated tools and resources can be accessed at http://www.ifti.org/

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed2001

Toxicology and environmental digital resources from and for citizen groups.

Since the late 1970s, grass-roots community groups, consumer advocates, and national (and international) environmental organizations have made two main contributions to public discussions, and public policies, affecting the production, use, and disposal of toxic materials. With the advent of e-mail, listservs, and the World Wide Web, such groups formed global "early warning" networks that have (1) alerted people to many uses of toxic materials and their effects on wildlife and humans, and (2) advocated new prevention-based public policies, including: assessment of available alternatives as a means of supplementing risk assessments; clean production as a way of avoiding the use of toxic materials; the substitution principle as a way of systematically reducing the use of toxic materials as time passes; the precautionary principle as a policy response to uncertainties in toxicological science; and zero discharge of persistent or bioaccumulative substances. We describe and discuss numerous important digital resources (web sites, discussion lists, and databases) created and maintained by and for citizen groups.

Animal Rights↗
PubMed2004

A first look at HealthCyberMap medical semantic subject search engine.

HealthCyberMap (http://healthcybermap.semanticweb.org) is a Semantic Web project that aims at mapping selected parts of health information resources in cyberspace in novel semantic ways to improve their retrieval and navigation. This paper describes HealthCyberMap semantic subject search engine methodology and early prototype which attempt to overcome the limitations of conventional free text search engines. Explicit concepts in resource metadata map onto a brokering domain ontology (a clinical terminology or classification) allowing a Semantic Web search engine to infer implicit meanings (synonyms and semantic relationships) not directly mentioned in either the resource or its metadata. Similarly, user queries would map to the same ontology allowing the search engine to infer the implicit semantics of user queries and use them to optimise retrieval. Related issues of metadata, clinical terminologies and automatic vs. manual indexing of medical Web resources are also discussed, together with future methodological directions, which include the use of a true terminology server as an intelligent broker between user queries and HealthCyberMap pool of resource metadata. A comparative evaluation of the new engine based on relevance metrics is also proposed.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Tying up lions: multilateral initiative on malaria communications: the first chapter of a malaria research network in Africa.

"When spider webs unite, they can tie up a lion" (Ethiopian folk adage). The Multilateral Initiative on Malaria Communications Network (MIMCom) facilitates a new way of doing research in Africa and African scientists' participation in the international scientific community. The MIMCom supports full access to the Internet and the resources of the WorldWide Web at 19 research sites in 11 African countries. Furthermore, the MIMCom project comprises two websites: one includes links to resources, databases, and publications as well as a document delivery service for full text journal articles, and the other is a research agenda specific website with a server for a research network desiring to share raw data. Other important components of MIMCom are training and evaluation components. The MIMCom was conceived in 1997 by African researchers and has been designed, implemented, and overseen by the U.S. National Library of Medicine in collaboration with partners in Africa, the United States, and the United Kingdom. This project demonstrates clearly that it can make a positive difference in the functioning of remote research sites in Africa, in terms of site growth and productivity and in the professional lives of individual researchers. This report reviews the project's background, methods of operation with an emphasis on local needs and priorities, cost effectiveness, and local responsibility; results focusing on a technical network; documentation of the system and two-way exchange of information; the MIMCom website; a network approach to research; and financial sustainability. The report concludes with summaries of evaluations by an independent panel, the Multilateral Initiative on Malaria Secretariat, and the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Africa↗
PubMed1998

Digital images in dermatology and the Dermatology Online Atlas on the World Wide Web.

The digital revolution opens new ways of storing, retrieving and distributing images. The informativeness of digital images of dermatological conditions as compared to conventional photographs and slides has proven to be statistically similar; in many cases, digital images may even substitute for dermatologic physical examination. Current developments in high-speed, high-capacity international networks and the growing popularity of the World Wide Web are converging in ways that have great potential for enhancing access to biomedical information, including medical images. However, lack of metainformation and indexing services specialised in retrieving images makes finding images--as opposed to textual information--on the Web difficult. To provide an image collection and entry point into dermatological resources on the World Wide Web, we have developed an image database (Dermatological OnlIne Atlas--DOIA). The database, which is freely available on the Internet at http://dermis.net, contains about 3,000 clinical images covering more than 600 dermatological diagnoses. It is designed for worldwide use; international submissions are encouraged. It serves as a teaching tool for medical students, doctors and patients, assists professional users by being an easy gateway to other databases such as MEDLINE, PDQ, and OMIM and serves as a platform for conducting research by means of administering Internet surveys to users. We conclude that an online image atlas has multiple educational, clinical, and research applications.

Anatomy, Artistic↗
PubMed2005

Collaborative filtering to improve navigation of large radiology knowledge resources.

OBJECTIVE: Collaborative filtering is a knowledge-discovery technique that can help guide readers to items of potential interest based on the experience of prior users. This study sought to determine the impact of collaborative filtering on navigation of a large, Web-based radiology knowledge resource. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Collaborative filtering was applied to a collection of 1,168 radiology hypertext documents available via the Internet. An item-based collaborative filtering algorithm identified each document's six most closely related documents based on 248,304 page views in an 18-day period. Documents were amended to include links to their related documents, and use was analyzed over the next 5 days. RESULTS: The mean number of documents viewed per visit increased from 1.57 to 1.74 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Collaborative filtering can increase a radiology information resource's utilization and can improve its usefulness and ease of navigation. The technique holds promise for improving navigation of large Internet-based radiology knowledge resources.

Algorithms↗