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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Study of the pattern of Widal test in infants and children. I. Pattern of Widal test among apparently normal infants and children.

690 apparently normal infants and children from Assiut-Upper Egypt--were submitted to Widal test. They were 0-15 years old, of both sexes (382 males and 308 females) and from both the urban and rural localities (433 and 257 respectively). --The frequency of single agglutinin titers is discussed. --The dual Widal titer combining "O" agglutinin in a titer of 1/40 or more with "H" agglutinin 1/80 or more, was fulfilled by 252 (36.5%) :-- A--106 (15.3%) showed a simultaneous rise of T."H", paratyphi A "H" and paratyphi B "H" agglutinins suggesting an effect of recent previous T.A.B. vaccination. B--146 persons (21.1%), showed a rise of only one or two "H" agglutinins, probably an effect of natural exposure to enteric fever agents reflecting the endemicity of infection. Further study of this group revealed: 1--There is a past experience with a single enteric fever agent in 63 persons (9.1%) with the following order of frequency : S.typhi (5.2%), S. paratyphi A (2.9%) and S. Paratyphi B. (1.01%). 2--The distribution of the group with rise of only one or two "H" agglutinins, by age, sex and locality is discussed. Apparently there is an initial high rate in the first year of life that declines in the age group 1--5 years to increase in the age group 6--9 years and the older age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Study of the pattern of Widal test in infants and children; II. Pattern of Widal test in children with enteric fevers. An attempt to define the diagnostic titer for upper Egypt.

The study embodied 45 children with enteric fevers proved by bacteriological culture of blood, stools and urine and 20 children with rheumatic fever. Widal test was done for the rheumatic fever cases and was done repeatedly at weekly intervals for the enteric fever cases. The clinical features of children with enteric fevers was discussed. By contrasting the results of Widal test in children with enteric fever with the results in apparently normal infants and children from the same locality, a minimal diagnostic dual Widal titer was suggested. This combines "O" agglutinin in a titer of 1/160 provided that the other "H" agglutinins are at a lower titer. This suggested diagnostic titer improved the specificity of Widal test. This titer is encountered only in 0.58% of normal individuals and in none of 20 children with rheumatic fever. This titer also yielded an excellent sensitivity to diagnose actual enteric fever cases reaching up to 93.3%. Bacterial isolates from enteric fever cases were S. typhi in 55.5%, S. paratyphi A in 33.3% and S. paratyphi B in 11.1%. Chloramphenicol therapy resulted in a higher cure rate and a more rapid defervescence than ampicillin therapy. Regarding the effect of these antibiotic therapies on the rise of Widal agglutinin titers in children with enteric fevers there are two observations : 1--A four fold rise, is uncommon. A two fold rise is the common finding. 2--There is no consistent difference between chloramphenicol and ampicillin as regards their effect on the rise of agglutinin titers.

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quantitative patterns in the clinical manifestations of radiation sickness in large laboratory animals exposed to radiation at superlethal doses. The quantitative patterns in the manifestations of radiation sickness in monkeys].

Radiation sickness manifestations have been studied in two species (Macaca fascicularis and Papio hamadryas) exposed to electron and gamma-neutron radiations in a wide supralethal doses range. Dose-response relationships have been calculated for mortality and some clinical manifestations of the intestinal and cerebral forms of radiation sickness. Higher radiosensitivity of baboons in comparison with Macaca fascicularis and clinically more dangerous damage due to electrons as compared to gamma-neutron radiation have been demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quantitative patterns in the clinical manifestations of radiation sickness in large laboratory animals exposed to radiation at superlethal doses. The quantitative patterns in the manifestations of radiation sickness in dogs].

Radiation sickness manifestations have been studied in dogs exposed to electrons (electron energy 25 MeV) and gamma-neutron radiation (neutron energies of 0.37 and 1.2 MeV) in a wide dose range. Dose-response relationships have been calculated for mortality and some clinical manifestations of the intestinal and cerebral forms of radiation sickness. With regard to mortality, the highest effect has been observed for gamma-neutron radiation with a neutron energy of 1.2 MeV. For equal physical doses and for those equally effective in relation to mortality, clinical manifestations of damage are more prominent following exposure to electrons.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Perceptual processing of pattern goodness by left and right hemispheres.

Two experiments tested perceptual processing of Garner and Clement's (1963) good and poor five-dot patterns by the left and right hemispheres. Two (good) patterns were from four-member equivalence sets, and the other (poor) pattern was from an eight-member equivalence set. One of the good patterns formed a T shape that could be processed as a linguistic unit. In Experiment 1, 80 right-handed subjects made same-different judgments for lateralized 200-msec paired presentations of these patterns. When both presentations were to the RVF/LH, response latency was faster for the T pattern than for the other two. When both presentations were to the LVF/RH, response latency was faster for the two good patterns than for the poor pattern. When the first pattern was presented to the RVF/LH and the second was presented to the LVF/RH, response latencies were lower for the two good patterns than for the poor pattern. Also, when the first pattern was presented to the LVF/RH and the second was presented to the RVF/LH, response latency was faster for the T pattern than for the other good pattern which was, in turn, faster than for the poor pattern. Experiment 2 used a duration judgment task (Avant & Lyman, 1975) to test effects of pattern goodness on apparent durations of pre- and postmasked 10-msec pattern presentations. With left hemisphere inputs, presentations of good patterns were judged to be longer than presentations of the poor pattern. When each hemisphere compared the T and the other good pattern, presentations of the T pattern were judged to be longer, and the right hemisphere further discriminated among pattern orientations. Presentations of the T pattern to each hemisphere were judged to be longer than presentations of the poor pattern, and both hemispheres discriminated among orientations of both patterns. These results indicate that the two hemispheres can, during perceptual processing, function cooperatively, and that both prerecognition and conscious perceptual operations are guided by task demands.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[The relationship between masticatory path pattern and masticatory efficiency in gumi-jelly chewing].

PURPOSE: This experiment aimed to clarify the relationship between masticatory path pattern and masticatory efficiency in gumi-jelly chewing. METHODS: For 65 healthy subjects, the frequency of the masticatory path pattern was investigated. Glucose extraction was measured as an indicator representing the masticatory efficiency and was compared between both patterns. Furthermore, the relationship between path stability and masticatory efficiency was investigated. RESULTS: As for the frequency of masticatory path pattern, pattern I (opened toward working side and then closed convexly) was the highest, followed in order of decreasing frequency by pattern III (opened toward non-working side initially and later toward working side and then closed convexly), pattern II (similar to pattern I but closed concavely), pattern VII (opening and closing paths crossed each other), pattern IV (similar to pattern III but closed concavely) and pattern V (both opening and closing paths were convex), pattern VI (a reverse pattern of the usual path), and pattern VIII (opening and closing path were a straight line). Regarding the amount of glucose extraction, pattern I was the highest, followed by pattern III, V, II, VII, IV, VI, and pattern VIII. Statistically significant differences were found between pattern I and all the other patterns, between II and III, III and IV, VI, VII, V and VI, VI and VII respectively. As the stability of the pattern increased the masticatory efficiency increased also, and a highly significant correlation was found between the two. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that there was a close relation between masticatory efficiency and masticatory path pattern, that pattern I gave the best masticatory function, and that by quantitatively analyzing masticatory path pattern it may be possible to objectively evaluate masticatory function.

Adult↗