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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and electroantennographic detection: analysis of wood odorants by direct coupling of insect olfaction and mass spectrometry.

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-electroantennographic detection (GC-MS/EAD) setup has been designed by adapting a commercially available "Olfactory Detector Port" to the use with an insect antenna. Measurements were performed with antennae of the old house borer Hylotrupes bajulus, a widespread insect pest of coniferous timbers. Headspace volatiles from timber of Pinus sylvestris were collected and analysed by GC-MS. About 30 compounds were identified in the Kovacs range from 500 to 1200, especially terpenoids and aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes. The antennae of H. bajulus responded to nearly half of the detected volatiles with a peculiar sensitivity for alpha-pinene among the terpenes and for hexanal among the aldehydes.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical anatomy study of olfaction correlative nerves].

OBJECTIVE: To find out the relation of the olfactory nerves, the optic nerve, and the nasal sinuses. Provide anatomic data for not to damnify olfactory nerves in the surgery. METHOD: To measure the olfactory nerves, the olfactory bulb, and olfactory tract on 16 adult cadaveric specimens, and observe the relation of the olfactory nerves, the optic nerve,and the nasal sinuses. RESULT: Length of the olfactory tract was (29.32 +/- 2.11) mm, width of the olfactory tract was (3.36 +/- 0.83) mm. The distance from the midpoint of the olfactory tract to the midline of the skull was (5.48 +/- 1.02) mm. The angle between olfactory tract and midline of the skull was (21.32 +/- 3.28) degrees. Length of the olfactory bulb was (10.43 +/- 2.35) mm, width of the olfactory bulb was (5.12 +/- 0.62) mm. 27/32 olfactory tracts were border upon with sphenoid sinus and ethmoid sinus, 3/32 olfactory tracts were border upon with ethmoid sinus, 2/32 olfactory tracts were border upon with frontal sinus. All olfactory tracts crossed the optic nerve at the internal meatus of optic nerve canal. The olfactory bulb and ethmoid bulb were on equal line. CONCLUSION: Almost all olfactory tracts were lied in the inboard of the orbital cavity, protect the roof of the nasal sinus to avoid damnify the olfactory nerves. It is easy to pull out the olfactory nerves when raising the cerebra in the operation of anterior cranial fossae.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Roles of olfaction and vision in orientation behavior of adult Campylomma chinensis Schuh (Hemiptera: Miridae) toward Lantana plants (Verbanaceae)].

Investigations were carried out on the orientation behavior of adult Campylomma chinensis Schuh (Hemiptera: Miridae) toward plant hosts Lantana camara, L. caniara cv. 'Flava', and L. montevidensis (Spreng. ) Briq. (Verbanaceae). Surveys on three Lantana plants showed that the distribution of C. chinensis in inflorescences was not related to floral color (partial correlation coefficient was 0.240, P = 0. 147, n = 40), but to the number of Thrips hawiiensis Morgan (partial correlation coefficient was 0.512, P < 0.0001, n = 40) and the flowers per inflorescence (partial correlation coefficient was 0.451, P < 0.0001, n = 40). In a colour preference experiment, no adult C. chinensis attracted to six different colour plates in longan field. The testing results of four-armed olfactometer indicated that adult C. chinensis had a significantly higher preference for L. camara. It was concluded that olfactory stimuli played an important role in searching for plant hosts of C. chinensis. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) and GC-MS were employed to analyze the volatiles compounds of Lantana, and seven same chemical constituents were detected from the volatiles of three Lantana plants inflorescence.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of relations between the peripheral organ of olfaction and the olfactory bulb using anterograde and retrograde axon transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)].

Utilizing 26 Wistar albino rats, an anterograde and retrograde study has been performed on the connections between the first neuron of the olfactory pathway located in the olfactory epithelium and the second neuron in the glomeruli of the bulb. In the experiment we used horse radish peroxidase (HRP) in free form and combined with wheat lectin. In anterograde transport (epithelium-bulb), the HRP is deposited in preestablished sites in the olfactory epithelium of the nasal fossa. In retrograde transport (bulb-epithelium), HRP combined with wheat lectin is injected by means of a Hamilton microsyringe, glass micropipette and stereotaxic apparatus, in foreseen sites of the glomerular layer of the bulb.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Capsaicin and its effects on olfaction and trigeminal chemoreception.

Capsaicin injections severely reduced or eliminated nasal trigeminal responses to 3 odorants (Experiment 1). However, capsaicin treated animals exhibited no deficits in locating buried food, in odor avoidance learning, or in operant odor detection and discrimination (Experiments 2 and 3). In addition, capsaicin desensitization did not affect responsiveness to salty or sour, but may have raised rejection thresholds for bitter (Experiment 4). Finally, while desensitized animals rejected menthol solution, they consumed relatively more than controls, suggesting that capsaicin may have menthol sensitivity. The present results suggest that substance P-containing fibers mediate trigeminal responsiveness to odorants and irritants but that the loss of this responsiveness does not appreciably affect smell or taste, per se.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Testing olfaction in a clinical setting.

Assessment of olfactory functioning at the CCCRC entails a threshold test and an odor identification test that contains eight everyday items. A performance average on the two tests yields a composite score on a scale from 0 (anosmia) to 7 (normosmia). The performance of normal volunteers is stable over most of an individual's life span, but decreases for persons over the age of 65 years. Approximately half the patients with olfactory complaints display anosmia, and the other half have hyposmia. The distribution of scores, however, varies with etiologic category, emplified by the fact that patients with nasal/sinus disease display anosmia more frequently than hyposmia. The tests can determine cause (e.g., improvement of score with corticosteroid treatment in cases of nasal/sinus disease) and can also assess degree of improvement with treatment, such as sinus operation.

Aged↗