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PubMed1986

Attributes of microorganisms that contribute to recurrence and intractability of vaginal mycosis.

Recurrence or intractability of vaginal mycosis may be ascribable to various factors. Attributes of microorganisms that contribute to recurrence and intractability of vaginal mycosis have not fully been elucidated. We studied this problem by means of a modern fungal identification method, strict measurement of the minimum inhibitory concentration and close clinical analysis. As for the detection rate for Candida albicans (C. alb.) and Torulopsis glabrata (T. glab.) as pathogens of vaginal mycosis, we found a relative increase was observed in T. glab. that so far has shown strong adaptability, even under unfavorable environments, to general fungi. The MIC values for clotrimazole (CTZ) against T. glab. were about 4 times as high as those against C. alb. No acquired resistance to CTZ was observed in these 2 groups. Conventional identification methods have been unable to provide conclusive evidence of the self-infection of vaginal mycosis from the anus to the vagina via the vulva. In some of the cases examined in this study, the modern fungal identification method succeeded in demonstrating that the fungal species detected in these three regions were of the same origin. Some of the C. alb. and T. glab. strains which reappeared after treatment were found to be different from those detected before treatment, a finding indicating that reinfection, apart from recurrence, occurred. Besides, treatment occasionally resulted in replacement of C. alb. with T. glab.

Candida↗
PubMed1991

Presence of human immunoglobulin G anti serum pancreatic elastase 1 autoantibodies and their influence on elastase 1 radioimmunoassay.

Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti human pancreatic elastase 1 autoantibodies were detected in sera of patients with pancreatic disorders. The characteristics of these anti elastase 1 autoantibodies and their influence on radioimmunoassay (RIA) for elastase 1 were investigated. They were placed in the IgG class by the double antibody method, and most were assumed to be of a monoclonal type from their elution profiles in gel filtration analysis. The presence of autoantibodies in serum caused an increase in apparent elastase 1 values and a decrease in the recovery of elastase 1 exogenously added to the serum. These results suggest that elastase 1 immunoassay data for autoantibody positive sera can cause misjudgement of clinical stages of patients.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1983

Image diagnosis of parathyroid glands in chronic renal failure.

Twenty-two out of 31 patients with chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism who underwent parathyroidectomy before operation underwent non-invasive image diagnosis of parathyroid glands by computed tomography (CT), scintigraphy with 201TlCl and 99mTcO4+, and/or ultrasonography. CT visualized 39 of 45 parathyroid glands (86.7%), weighing more than 500 mg. Scintigraphy with a subtraction method using a computer performed the diagnosis in 19 of 27 glands (70.4%). Ultrasonography detected 21 of 27 glands (77.8%). Image diagnosis was also useful in the postoperative follow-up study. The non-invasive image diagnosis of parathyroid glands in patients with chronic renal failure is thus valuable for 1) definite diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism, 2) localization, and 3) diagnosis for effectiveness of conservative treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Application of one step RT-PCR assay for detection of flavivirus RNA in mosquitoes].

The conditions of one step RT-PCR method for detection of virus RNA in field-collected mosquitoes, and preservation period of infected mosquitoes for one step RT-PCR were examined. We compared several virus RNA extraction methods with artificially contaminated mosquito pools with dengue virus (DV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and yellow fever virus (YFV) with a known amount of plaque forming unit (PFU) to establish the condition of one step RT-PCR. In this study, most effective RNA extraction method was ISOGEN-LS extraction combined with supernatant of centrifuged mosquito homogenates. Detection limit of one step RT-PCR using flavivirus universal primer in ten mosquitoes/tube (pool) was 10 PFU of DV, JEV and YFV, 1 PFU of each viruses using species-specific primer respectively, in one hundred mosquitoes/tube, 100 PFU/tube using universal primer pairs, 10 PFU/tube using species-specific primer pairs respectively. Dengue virus infected single mosquito was mixed with 99 un-infected mosquitoes, and tested by one step RT-PCR. We could detect single infected mosquito in pools containing 99 un-infected mosquitoes. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were inoculated intrathoracically with a mouse-adapted strain of dengue-1 virus and were kept up to 30 days at different temperature. Then examined by one step RT-PCR to determine the appropriate mosquito handling method and the condition of transportation. Positive result was obtained up to 30 days after the mosquito died naturally. These results suggested that we could detect flavivirus RNA tested not only from live mosquitoes but also dead mosquitoes as well, and could apply one step RT-PCR as a rapid, specific, and highly sensitive tool for flavivirus surveillance.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of experimental compression of the brainstem on the circulatory and the respiratory parameters in the rabbit].

Circulatory and respiratory changes following a mechanical compression of the brainstem of the rabbit were studied. Under light ether anesthesia, the animal was tracheostomized, immobilized by pancuronium bromide, and mechanically ventilated, following which the skull was fixed and suboccipital craniotomy was performed, and finally the brainstem was exposed. The site of compression was selected as (A): 3mm lateral, 3mm rostral, (B): 2mm lateral and (C): 3mm lateral, 3mm caudal, of the obex, respectively. After inhalation of ether was discontinued and elimination of the effect of muscle relaxant was confirmed, the direct compression with glass stick of 0.8mm in diameter was carried out. In each point, vertical compression of 1mm, 2mm and 3mm, was performed stereotaxically. In each depth of the compression, 3 to 4 animals were studied. The blood pressure was measured directly in the femoral artery and the respiratory changes by impedance pneumography. The circulatory changes, biphasic change of arterial pressure and/or transient bradycardia occurred earlier than the respiratory changes in 2mm and 3mm depth of the compression in all 3 points. CO2 response curve with rebreathing method was obtained before and 15 minutes after the compression to evaluate the degree of damage of the medullary respiratory center. The depression of CO2 response curve was observed only in 3mm compression depth at the point (A). It is concluded from this study that excessive invasion of the brainstem during the suboccipital craniotomy under controlled ventilation could be detected through the observation of the changes in circulatory parameters.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The improved efficient method for introducing macromolecules into cells using HVJ (Sendai virus) liposomes with gangliosides.

Macromolecules such as DNA and RNA can be entrapped within liposomes associated with gangliosides by reverse-phase evaporation. When these liposomes are incubated with HVJ2 (Sendai virus), they deliver their contents into cultured cells efficiently. More than 95% cells of a Ltk- cell line (thymidine kinase-deficient cells) transiently expressed thymidine kinase activity by thymidine kinase gene transfer using HVJ liposomes with gangliosides. Stable transformants could be obtained efficiently from various cell lines by use of HVJ liposomes containing the neoR gene. The neo+ transformants were obtained at frequencies of about 0.2-1.0, 0.06-0.25, and 0.06-0.1% in monolayers of L, CHO-Kl, and HeLa-S3 cells, respectively. Moreover, in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells which grow in suspension, the frequency was more than 0.01%. On introduction of plasmid pTK4 into Ltk- cells, about 0.5-1.0% TK+ transformants were obtained. Cosmid DNA containing the neoR gene (about 45 kbp) was also introduced into L cells by this method and neo+ transformants were obtained at a frequency of 0.1%. When rat liver mRNA was introduced into L cells by HVJ liposomes with gangliosides, immunoprecipitation studies showed that the L cells secreted rat albumin and some other proteins into the cultured medium. Moreover, using erythrocyte membrane vesicles containing IgM that had been incubated with HVJ empty liposomes with gangliosides, the IgM could be introduced into all the L cells.

DNA↗
PubMed1984

[An evaluation of antimicrobial removal device to isolate bacteria from bacteremic patients with hematological disorders].

Antibiotics contained in blood specimens often inhibit bacterial growth in culture media. Recently, the antimicrobial removal device (ARD) containing resins to absorb antibiotics has been made available. To evaluate the effectiveness of the ARD, we investigated how much the antibiotics were removed by the ARD. The ARD method was compared to the conventional culturing method in isolating organisms from blood specimens of patients with hematological disorders receiving antimicrobial agents. The antibiotics, including cefotiam, cefsulodin, cefmenoxime, cefazolin and sulbenicillin, were proved to be almost completely removed by the ARD. Bacteria were detected only by use of the ARD in the blood cultures from 2 of 21 blood specimens (11 patients) entered in the study, while all of the blood cultures were negative by the conventional method. These isolated bacteria were S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, of which septicemias were cured by intensive antibiotic therapy for these bacteria. It is suggested that pretreatment with the ARD makes detection of bacteria easier in blood from the patients receiving antibiotics. Literatures were reviewed concerning improvement and shortened time for isolation of organisms by using the ARD.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Expression of cell growth regulated genes in the fetal kidney: relevance to in utero obstruction.

Previous studies of fetal urinary tract obstruction (bladder outlet obstruction and ureteral obstruction) in lambs have shown that obstructions created relatively early in gestation (4/10 to 6/10 term) can significantly affect growth of the developing kidney. This suggests that urinary tract obstruction in utero can alter normal mechanisms of kidney growth. However, a mechanism for these effects has not yet been proposed. In this study we have used mRNA expression analysis to characterize the temporal sequence of expression of several growth-regulated genes during normal ovine kidney development. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that early obstructions, such as those believed to arise in congenital obstructive uropathy in humans, might have a disproportionate effect on hyperplastic growth if the cellular growth fraction (percent of cells in the organ undergoing DNA synthesis) was greater in the second trimester than in the last. Northern blot analysis of the cell cycle-dependent genes histone H3, c-myc and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) indicated a progressive, gradual decline in cellular proliferation in the kidney from approximately 60 to 135 days (4/10 term to term) gestation, as evidenced by decreases in the respective mRNA levels. The greatest levels of cell proliferation occurred near the midpoint of gestation. This indirect measurement of decline in cellular growth fraction was reflected in direct measurements of change in relative kidney weight. To test whether this decline in mRNA levels occurs widely among genes expressed in the fetal kidney during this period, relative expression levels of more than 300 anonymous mRNA transcripts were evaluated by differential display analysis. This method showed that genes whose expression patterns resembled the growth-regulated genes constituted less than 5% of the expressed mRNAs identified. These data indicate that intrauterine urinary tract obstructions that arise at or near the midpoint of gestation coincide with the highest rates of cell proliferation occurring in the second and third trimesters and, therefore, might adversely affect mechanisms of cell proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[In vitro antifungal activity of rilopirox, a new hydroxypyridone antimycotic agent].

In vitro antifungal activities of rilopirox (RIL), a new topical hydroxypyridone antifungal agent, were studied against 7 species (31 strains) of yeast-like fungi and 15 species (17 strains) of mycerial fungi from stock cultures of a wide range of medically important fungi. Tests were carried out by the liquid dilution method using Neopeptone dextrose broth with ciclopirox olamine (CPO) and oxiconazole nitrate (OCZ) as reference drugs. RIL exhibited a broad spectrum of antifungal activities; the MIC of RIL against yeasts were about 1 microgram/ml, those against other fungi were 0.5-4 micrograms/ml. Antifungal activities were similar to CPO, and compare to OCZ, RIL showed characteristically little differences in its activities against different species or strains of target organisms.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2002

The possible involvement of micro-organisms other than Helicobacter pylori in the development of rectal MALT lymphoma in H. pylori-negative patients.

It remains unclear whether lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the extragastric organs is related to Helicobacter pylori infection or not. This report describes three patients with rectal MALT lymphoma negative for H. pylori infection, all of whom showed disease regression after being treated with antibiotics. One patient had MALT lymphoma in both the descending colon and the rectum; the other two patients had rectal disease only. None of the patients had chronic gastritis which was detectable either endoscopically or histologically and H. pylori infection was completely ruled out by various methods, including a urease breath test. These patients received antibiotic therapy. In all the patients, regression of MALT lymphoma was observed endoscopically and histologically, and polymerase chain reaction revealed that a previously observed rearranged band of immunoglobulin heavy chain had also disappeared after antibiotic treatment. These cases therefore suggest involvement of micro-organisms other than H. pylori in the development of rectal MALT lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A new aspect of a restriction endonuclease Tth111 I. It has a degenerated specificity (Tth111 I).

We previously reported that Thermus thermophilus 111 contained two restriction enzymes, Tth111 I and Tth111 II. The former does not cleave phi X174RFDNA and the latter does. We have now found another endonuclease activity able to cleave phi X174RFDNA in the cell extract of T. thermophilus 111. The protein with this activity was purified in a homogeneous state by chromatography on cellulose phosphate, heparin-Sepharose 4B and hydroxylapatite, successively. However, this endonuclease activity was always accompanied with Tth111 I activity during the purification procedure and the purified protein also showed a strong Tth111 I activity, suggesting that the Tth111 I activity and the phi X174RFDNA-cleaving activity reside in a single molecule. The phi X174RFDNA-cleaving activity was enhanced more strongly with Mn2+ than with Mg2+ and seemed to be attributable to a relaxed specificity of Tth111 I activity as seen in the cases of EcoRI* and BamHI* Thus we designated the phi X174RFDNA-cleaving activity Tth111 I*. The molecular weight of the protein with both Tth111 I and Tth111 I* activities was determined to be about 76,000 by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column and 39,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting the enzyme to be a dimer consisting of identical polypeptide chains. The phi X174RFDNA sequences surrounding Tth111 I* cuts were determined by the chain terminator method of Sanger et al. The results confirmed that Tth111 I* recognized a degenerated form of the Tth111 I recognition sequence, i.e., a sequence such that one of the specified nucleotides in the Tth111 I recognition sequence, 5'GACNNNGTC3', was substituted with N (N stands for any of A, G, C, and T), such as 5'NACNNNGTC3', 5'GACNNNNTC3', 5'GACNNNGNC, and so on (arrows indicate cleavage sites).

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2004

[Study of the normal database that affects 3D-SSP Z-score mapping].

The effects of image reconstruction conditions and devices used on 3D-SSP analysis (Z-score mapping) were investigated. Images of the 3D Hoffman brain phantom were taken with the IRIX device or E.CAM. Using two methods of image reconstruction (FBP and OSEM), several kinds of phantom normal databases (PNDB) and signal data, with or without correction for attenuation, were obtained at varying Butterworth filter cutoff frequencies. The results of 3D-SSP analyses were compared between combinations of PNDB and signal data obtained under the same conditions of image reconstruction and combinations obtained under different conditions. The results of PNDB obtained with different devices were also analyzed. For combinations of PNDB and signal data both obtained with OSEM, the Z-score of signals was high. When FBP was used to obtain both PNDB and signal data, the Z-score and signal size tended to become greater and the false-positive rate tended to decrease as the Butterworth filter cutoff frequency became lower. Whether or not correction for attenuation was incorporated did not affect the results of analysis when the same method was used to collect both PNDB and signal data. If the method for image reconstruction differed between PNDB and signal data, the false-positive rate was relatively high. Using a different device to obtain PNDB resulted in a relatively high false-positive rate. We therefore recommend that the conditions for image reconstruction from signal data should be matched to the conditions for image reconstruction from PNDB. It seems impossible to share the same NDB among different devices.

Brain↗
PubMed1992

Observations on Culex quinquefasciatus Say in relation to transmission of filariasis due to subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti in Samoa.

Observations on Culex quinquefasciatus Say in Samoa during a study of the epidemiology and control of subperiodic bancroftian filariasis are reported. The man-biting rate of C. quinquefasciatus was comparable with that of Aedes (Finlaya) samoanus Gruenberg in one indicator village and lower in another. The house-frequenting behaviour of the two species was similar. Culex quinquefasciatus was active throughout the night with peak biting during midnight hours, and its survivorship, estimated by two methods, was higher than those of the main vectors, A. (Stegomyia) polynesiensis Marks and A. samoanus. Culex quinquefasciatus showed low susceptibility to subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti, compared with the two main vectors, in laboratory feeding experiments on volunteers with three levels of microfilaraemia. This agrees with the observed very low natural infection rate, suggesting that C. quinquefasciatus is an inefficient vector of subperiodic W. bancrofti in Samoa.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Chaotic wavelength division multiplexing for optical communication.

We demonstrate wavelength division multiplexing with chaotic subcarriers in two pairs of one-way-coupled Nd:YVO4 microchip lasers. Two individual digital messages are encoded on two chaotic carriers with different wavelengths in two transmitters by the chaotic masking method, and the mixed signals are sent to two receivers. Dual synchronization of chaos is used to obtain the original chaotic waveforms in the receivers. Two messages are decoded by filtering the difference of the laser outputs between the transmitter and the receiver by use of a low-pass filter for each pair of lasers. The message recovery can be achieved more easily when messages with small amplitude and low frequency are used.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Diagnostic impression cytology for herpes simplex keratitis.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigens in corneal or conjunctival epithelial lesions were detected by impression cytology. Specimens were obtained using a nitrocellulose membrane and were stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. HSV antigens were demonstrated in 30 of 32 patients with herpes simplex keratitis or conjunctivitis. Impression specimens of dendritic or stellate keratitis lesions exhibited precise replicas of corneal lesions with numerous antigen-positive cells. HSV antigens were also detectable in some of the minute stellate and/or punctate epithelial keratitis lesions even during the course of antiviral treatment. Impression cytology is noninvasive and useful for a rapid etiological diagnosis of herpetic epithelial lesions.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1989

Radical surgery of a galenic aneurysm with regional cerebral blood flow analysis. A case report.

Successful surgical treatment of a case of aneurysm of the vein of Galen is presented. An 11-month-old boy was admitted with episodes of convulsive attacks. Neuroradiological examination revealed an aneurysm of the vein of Galen filled by branches of posterior cerebral arteries and left thalamoperforating artery. Regional cerebral blood flow, which was measured by a method of xenon-enhanced computed tomography, showed a low flow area in the frontal and occipital regions. The aneurysm was approached through the bilateral parietooccipital interhemisphere, freed from the feeders, and ligated. During the operation, cortical blood flow was monitored for prevention of normal perfusion pressure breakthrough. After the feeders were successfully clipped, the blood flow increased and became normalized in the related cortex. There was no postoperative neurological deterioration.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1989

Effect of N-methyltetrazolethiol on liver microsomal vitamin K reductase.

NADH-dependent vitamin K reductase activity in rat liver microsomes was measured by detecting the amount of the reduced form of vitamin K from the oxidized form of the vitamin. The enzyme activity was not detected when intact microsomes were employed as the enzyme source, but the solubilization of the microsomal enzyme with 1.5% Triton X-100 caused a development of the activity. Although the enzyme activity decreased gradually with time after the solubilization, the enzyme was stabilized by the addition of 20% glycerol and 2 mM vitamin C. Some optimal assay conditions for the vitamin K reductase were determined using the solubilized enzyme, and the standard assay method is described. Vitamin K reductase activity was not affected by warfarin and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), but pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PAL-P) inhibited the activity, especially when microsomes were preincubated with PAL-P. The enzyme activity was not inhibited by N-methyltetrazolethiol (NMTT) and NMTT-containing antibiotics, suggesting that the hypoprothrombinemia caused by beta-lactam antibiotics was not due to the inhibition of NADH-dependent vitamin K reductase.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[The combination effects of antibacterial agents against clinical isolated multiple-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

The effectiveness of antibacterial agents against 70 strains of clinically isolated multiple-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP) was measured by the micro dilution method. Fifty of all strains (71%) produced metallo-beta-lactamase and the IMP-1 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The MIC90 (the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic necessary to inhibit the growth of 90% of bacterial strains) values of biapenem (BIPM), meropenem (MEPM), tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC), sulbactam/ cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ), cefepime (CFPM), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), pazufloxacin (PZFX), amikacin (AMK) and aztreonam (AZT) were found to be 265, 512, 256, 512, 512, 64, 128, 128 and 128 microg/mL, respectively. The in vitro combination effects of antibacterial agents were examined against 62 strains of MDRP and the synergy or additive effects were evaluated by fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index calculated by the checkerboard method. The combination of AMK and AZT showed synergy effects on 15/59 (25.4%) strains of MDRP. The synergy and additive effects on the MDRP strains were also found by the other antibacterial agents combination such as TAZ/PIPC and AMK, CFPM and AMK, and SBT/CPZ and AZT. These results suggested the necessity of further investigation of clinical usefulness.

Amikacin↗