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PubMedDate not supplied

The combination of acoustic rhinometry, rhinoresistometry and flow simulation in noses before and after turbinate surgery: a model study.

BACKGROUND: Especially to young examiners, the interpretation of rhinometric findings seems to be difficult. In order to understand rhinometric assessments precisely, knowledge of airflow behavior in the nose is necessary. We therefore investigated the influence of nasal concha surgery on acoustic rhinometry and rhinoresistometry in a model. METHOD: Six nose models were examined with acoustic rhinometry and rhinoresistometry, each of these models with its lateral wall altered to represent various conditions after nasal concha surgery. Besides, all models were rinsed with water and the flow was visualized for observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The normal nose presented an even flow distribution over the entire nasal cavity. After nasal concha resection, though, an unfavorable flow course and a strong increase in turbulence were seen. Additionally, flow resistance decreased considerably. In the model with general lateral wall hyperplasia, reduction of the inferior and even of the middle nasal concha showed good functional results. The model revealed a good correlation between the result of flow observation and findings in acoustic rhinometry and rhinoresistometry. Both methods complement one another in their diagnostic outcome.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1998

Innervation of nasal turbinate blood vessels in rhinitic and nonrhinitic children.

An immunohistochemical study of the nasal mucosa was done in pediatric patients attending an otorhinolaringology (ORL) clinic. The goal was a comparison between vascular innervation in patients with or without symptoms of chronic rhinitis. All patients had an indication for tonsillectomy prior to their inclusion in this study. Samples were obtained under general anesthesia at the time of programmed surgery and fixed in a paraformaldehyde-picric acid mixture. Cryostat sections were immunostained for the following neuronal markers: protein-gene product 9.5 (PGP), calcitonin gene- related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and C-terminal peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON). The following classes of vessels were identified: arteries, sinusoids, veins, and arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs). As shown by immunostaining with the general neuronal marker PGP, each vessel type had a characteristic innervation pattern, differing in the amount of fibers and their distribution within the adventitial and muscle layers. Evaluation of PGP, CPON, and CGRP immunoreactivity patterns indicated that rhinitic arteries and AVAs displayed a richer innervation than did nonrhinitic blood vessels. Quantification of vascular PGP immunostaining confirmed the difference of vascular innervation between nonrhinitic and rhinitic patients. Fibers immunostained by CPON partially accounted for the rhinitic arterial hyperinnervation.

Arteries↗
PubMed2003

Laser surgery of the inferior turbinate for allergic rhinitis with seasonal exacerbation: an acoustic rhinometry study.

Laser surgery has been used to successfully treat patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. We examined whether the numbers and types of sensitized allergens influence the effects of surgery. Two different groups (those allergic to house dust mites only, and those allergic to house dust mites and Japanese cedar pollen) prospectively underwent the same course of laser turbinectomy during the pollen dispersion season. The symptom scores for nasal obstruction significantly decreased in both groups, but the improvement of sneezing and rhinorrhea was less pronounced in the pollen group. We used acoustic rhinometry to measure postoperative changes in the nasal dimensions. Four months after treatment, the minimum cross-sectional area and nasal cavity volume had increased, respectively, by 61.7% and 30.7% in the house dust group, and by 30.7% and 16.2% in the pollen group. We conclude that laser surgery can be successfully applied to patients whose allergies show seasonal exacerbation by airborne pollen.

Adolescent↗