Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Tenotomy”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Elongation of the plantaris longus tendon after surgical repair in the rabbit.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the elongation of the plantaris longus tendon in the rabbit after surgical repair. In 24 New Zealand white rabbits tenotomy of the plantaris longus tendon in the left hindlimb was performed. Surgical repair was undertaken with a criss-cross suture. The leg was immobilized in a long leg splint of Hexilite. The elongation of the tendon was measured by a photographic technique after preparation of the tendon. The elongation gradually increased during the observation time (r 0.03). No biphasic separation was found as indicated by other authors. For the clinical application of these findings further investigations are needed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of exercise on protein turnover in muscles of lean and obese mice.

The effect of work-induced hypertrophy on skeletal muscle protein metabolism was studied in lean mice and in mice rendered obese with goldthioglucose. After tenotomy of the gastrocnemius muscle, the adaptative growth of soleus muscle was less pronounced in obese than in lean mice. Protein turnover was studied in the isolated soleus muscle 4 days after the operation. Tyrosine incorporation in total proteins and tyrosine release in the incubation medium (indices of protein synthesis and degradation) were increased by 3- and 2-fold in overloaded (i.e. work-induced hypertrophied) muscles of lean and obese mice, respectively, compared to the control muscles isolated from the non-operated leg. The qualitative modifications in the pattern of proteins synthetized from 35S-methionine were identical in both groups of mice. This increase in protein turnover in overloaded muscles results from an increased rate of polypeptide chain initiation (3-fold in lean mice, 2.2-fold in obese mice) without any modification of peptide chain elongation rates. Work-induced hypertrophy was also able to reverse the defect in amino acid uptake which is present in soleus muscles of GTG-obese mice. These results suggest that the work-induced increase of skeletal muscle protein turnover is diminished in obese mice.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1996

Bipolar hip arthroplasty in ankylosing spondylitis.

Nineteen severely affected hips in 12 young patients with ankylosing spondylitis were treated with bipolar hip arthroplasty followed by a comprehensive postoperative rehabilitation programme. Additional operative procedures of adductor tenotomy, knee flexion release, supracondylar femoral osteotomy for genu valgum and tendo Achillis lengthening for equinus contracture were required in 13 limbs. After a mean follow-up of 45.8 months, results were good in all cases with respect to relief from pain, and there was significant improvement in posture and function. All the patients resumed employment. The average gain in sum total range of hip movements was 194 deg, and the mean preoperative Harris hip score of 27.8 improved to 82.6 after bipolar arthroplasty. Ectopic ossification did not develop in any case. Bipolar hip arthroplasty appears to be ideally suited for young patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Lysosomal and energy enzyme activities in hypertrophied rat soleus muscle after denervation.

Muscle hypertrophy was induced in the soleus muscle of young rats by tenotomy of the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles. Three and 7 days afterwards the sciatic nerve was sectioned. The loss of weight of muscles subjected to this combined procedure three days after denervation was 30-40%. Lysosomal enzyme activities (acid phosphatase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) and energy enzyme activities (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, triose-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, TPDH , D-hexokinase, HK and citrate synthase, CS) were determined 3 days after denervation, 3, 7 and 10 days after hypertrophy had been induced and 3 days after denervation of hypertrophying muscles on day 3 and 7. Normal non-operated rats of corresponding body weight served as controls and their enzyme activities were estimated on the same day. In the course of muscle hypertrophy, the 4 lysosomal enzyme activities increased progressively. Although 3 days' denervation of control muscles did not alter lysosomal enzyme activities, denervation of hypertrophying muscles greatly enhanced the activity of these enzymes. Enzymes of energy metabolism were affected to a lesser degree. The results suggest that denervation of hypertrophying muscles causes more extreme changes in muscle weight and lysosomal enzyme activities than denervation alone. The possible implications of this finding are discussed in relation to the rapid atrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Achilles tendon injury. Tendon elongation and soleus muscle fine structure in rabbit after different therapies.

Unilateral tenotomy of the Achilles tendon was carried out in 60 rabbits. The limb was then either mobilized directly or immobilized for 10 to 35 days using a plaster usually after tendon suture. In certain cases the plaster was removed early (on the 7th or 16th day) and the animals were than allowed to use this leg. Separation between tendon ends was apparent from steel markers, placed close to each cut end of the tendon and examined by X-ray. The separation curve was biphasic and both the first and the inactive phase reflected the degree of tension over the tendon suture. However, during the second separation phase, which began between the 17th and 21st day, the separation gradually reached the same level in all groups. Enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy revealed severe degenerative changes in immobilized and in shortened muscles. Furthermore, a gradual shift in fibre type characteristics from type 1 slow-twitch fibres towards type 2 fast-twitch fibres occurred. Rapid recovery followed removal of the plaster. The findings indicated that both degenerative and regenerative processes and adaptive processes had been initiated in all experimental muscles when the tendon continuity was broken. The adaptive processes progressed gradually during the five-week post-operative period and might have been responsible for the second phase of the tendon end separation. The fibre adaptation, i.e. the transformation, may be accounted for by changes in structure of the myofibrils and composition of the myosin molecules.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1986

Influence of isaxonine on the target phenomenon, muscle fibre size and neuromuscular junction in the tenotomized and denervated gastrocnemius muscle of the rat.

Isaxonine is reported to accelerate the rate of peripheral nerve regeneration, stimulate axonal sprouting and promote motor and sensory function recovery. The target phenomenon in muscle fibers is the morphological expression of increased stretch activity in a diseased muscle. It can be produced in the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat by tenotomy and is inhibited by simultaneous denervation. The influence of isaxonine on this experimental model was studied. Twenty Wistar rats were submitted to bilateral section of the Achilles tendon and section of the left sciatic nerve. In ten rats, treated with isaxonine, the qualitative and quantitative changes in the gastrocnemius muscle were compared with the control group over a period of 3 weeks. No statistical differences were observed in the occurrence and inhibition of the target phenomenon, the muscle fibre size and the neuromuscular junction. Isaxonine has no direct effect on a diseased muscle with an intact nerve supply, nor in the early stages after complete denervation.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1977

Development and inhibition of the target phenomenon in tenotomized rat muscle.

The sequence of development of the target phenomenon in tenotomized gastrocnemius muscle was studied: the presence of target fibres was preceded by the occurrence of contraction bands and of "moth eaten" appearance of the fibres. This phenomenon was far more pronounced and occurred earlier in type II than in type I fibres. This target phenomenon and the contraction artefacts could be inhibited in the tenotomized muscles by simultaneous neurotomy or immobilization of the muscle with a plaster cast. Delayed denervation inhibited also the target phenomenon, if performed less than 5 days after the tenotomy. These series of experiments seem to indicate that the target phenomenon occurs in more irritable muscle fibres and that muscular activity is needed for its development.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Morphological properties of experimentally produced target fibres in tenotomized rat gastrocnemius muscle.

The gastrocnemius muscles of 3 groups of 10 rats, sacrified 5, 7, and 12 days respectively, following tenotomy, were submitted to different types of fixation, fixative and embedding. The occurrence of target fibres is shown not to be an artefact due to the histological procedures. Further examination demonstrates that the target phenomenon occurs in the shortest fibres on the medial side of both heads of the gastrocnemius muscle and that it consists mainly of a disarrangement of the contractile elements of the muscle fibres. This study argues that this phenomenon represents some kind of myotonic state of a pathological muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Activity and synapse elimination at the neuromuscular junction.

The neuromuscular junction undergoes a loss of synaptic connections during early development. This loss converts the innervation of each muscle fiber from polyneuronal to single. During this change the number of motor neurons remains constant but the number of muscle fibers innervated by each motor neuron is reduced. Evidence indicates that a local competition among the inputs on each muscle fiber determines which inputs are eliminated. The role of synapse elimination in the development of neuromuscular circuits, other than ensuring a single innervation of each fiber, is unclear. Most evidence suggests that the elimination plays little or no role in correcting for errant connections. Rather, it seems that connections are initially highly specific, in terms of both which motor neurons connect to which muscles and which neurons connect to which particular fibers within these muscles. A number of attempts have been made to determine the importance of neuromuscular activity during early development for this rearrangement of synaptic connections. Experiments reducing neuromuscular activity by muscle tenotomy, deafferentation and spinal cord section, block of nerve impulse conduction with tetrodotoxin, and the use of postsynaptic and presynaptic blocking agents have all shown that normal activity is required for normal synapse elimination. Most experiments in which complete muscle paralysis has been achieved show that activity may be essential for the occurrence of synapse elimination. Furthermore, experiments in which neuromuscular activity has been augmented by external stimulation show that synapse elimination is accelerated. A plausible hypothesis to explain the activity dependence of neuromuscular synapse elimination is that a neuromuscular trophic agent is produced by the muscle fibers and that this production is controlled by muscle-fiber activity. The terminals on each fiber compete for the substance produced by that fiber. Inactive fibers produce large quantities of this substance; on the other hand, muscle activity suppresses the level of synthesis of this agent to the point where only a single synaptic terminal can be maintained. Inactive muscle fibers would be expected to be able to maintain more nerve terminals. The attractiveness of this scheme is that it provides a simple feedback mechanism to ensure that each fiber retains a single effective input.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Importance of the iliopsoas muscle in soft-tissue surgery of hip deformities in cerebral palsy children.

Twenty cerebral palsy patients who had undergone soft-tissue surgery at the hip (adductor tenotomy, medial lengthening of the hamstrings) were compared with a matched group of another 20 patients with a similar age range and findings and with additionally performed iliopsoas release, 2 or more years after surgery. Extension deficits of the hip did not improve with the addition of iliopsoas release. Internal rotation deformities showed equal improvement in both groups; the influence of the iliopsoas procedure was not significant. Adduction deformities, as documented on roentgenograms of the hip, showed significant improvement, however. Postural anomalies were not essentially influenced by iliopsoas release. Hip dislocations and subluxations, as assessed by the CE angles, were positively influenced by additional iliopsoas release; however, more effective improvement was obtained with ischiocrural elongation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Blood flow and tissue -pO2 in the trained and untrained gastrocnemius muscle of the anesthetized guinea pig.

In 10 guinea pigs the gastrocnemius muscles on one side were tenotomised. By the tenotomy the daily work load of the gastorcnemius muscle was lowered in the operated leg ("untrained muscles") and increased in the control leg ("trained muscles"). Before and several weeks after the operation blood flow was measured in the lower legs (by segmental plethysmography) and oxygen pressure was measured in the gastrocnemius muscles (by micro-Pt-electrodes) of the anesthetized animals. 4 to 6 weeks after the operation statistically significant differences between the two extermities were noted: In the operated leg the mean pO2-value was 33%lower (P is less than 0.001) and the mean blood flow value 46% higher (P is less than 0.001). These differences could be explained by a reduced number of perfused capillaries in the untrained muscles (= non uniform blood flow distribution).

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The effect of the anabolic agent, clenbuterol, on overloaded rat skeletal muscle.

The dietary administration of clenbuterol to young male rats has been shown to produce a muscle specific hypertrophic growth response. This paper demonstrates that the combined effect of drug treatment and hypertrophic stimulus induced by tenotomy produced an additive effect on muscle growth. This effect was demonstrated in terms of both muscle composition (protein and RNA) and fibre size.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Superior oblique myectomy and trochlectomy in recurrent superior oblique myokymia.

In patients operated on for superior oblique myokymia with superior oblique tenotomy or tenectomy, symptoms of oscillopsia recur in approximately one-half. Failure of treatment may be caused by incomplete transection of the tendon or by residual attachments and postoperative adhesions between the proximal segment of superior oblique tendon and the globe which allow superior oblique muscle contractions to be partially transmitted to the globe. We report a patient with recurrent symptoms of superior oblique myokymia following superior oblique tenectomy who was successfully managed with superior oblique myectomy and trochlectomy via an anterior orbital approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Succinate dehydrogenase activity within synaptic and extrasynaptic compartments of functionally-overloaded rat skeletal muscle fibers.

Activity of the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) was assessed using quantitative microphotometric techniques within postsynaptic, subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar compartments of overloaded soleus muscle fibers. Six weeks of overload, induced via synergist tenotomy, significantly increased soleus muscle mass (23%) and mean fiber cross-sectional area (17%). Despite these increases in cell size, SDH activity within all three intracellular compartments of overloaded muscle fibers was not different from levels in corresponding regions of control fibers. Thus, we show for the first time that activity-related increases in muscle cell volume, and specifically motor endplate area, appear to be coordinated with increased levels of oxidative enzymes within distinct subcellular compartments, including the postsynaptic sarcoplasm.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Restoration of the ability to walk through bilateral triple arthrodesis in marked spastic pes equinovarus].

A tendon transfer is the method of choice in easily reducible pes equinovarus. However, in long-time persisting deformities with spasms, a plantigrade position can not be maintained with these procedures. Therefore, we perform an additional bilateral triple arthrodesis in a patients with such bilateral deformities. A 55-year-old woman developed, within the scope of several surgical procedures on the cervical spine, marked bilateral pes equinovarus and flexion contractures of the knees. The patient's ambulation was limited to a wheelchair for 3 years. Then, in an interval of 1 year, we performed an unilateral soft tissue release, z-tenotomy of the Achilles tendon, triple arthrodesis with correction of the deformity, and posterior tibial tenden transfer. At follow-up 5 years after the second procedure, the 61-year-old patient was able to walk alone with two walking sticks. In the case described, the correction of a marked pes equinovarus with spasms, which was achieved by an extensive soft tissue release, could be stabilized through a triple arthrodesis in such way that the plantigrade position of the foot could be controlled through a posterior tibial tendon transfer.

Arthrodesis↗
PubMed2004

[Muscle physiology and the effect of muscle-tendon surgery in cerebral palsy].

The muscle reacts physiologically in neuromuscular disorders which do not affect muscle tissue directly (such as muscular dystrophies), and adapts to altered demands. For this reason, alterations in the muscle-tendon apparatus are grossly secondary. Changing load stimulates an increase in muscle fibres, whereas continuous pull results in an increase in collagen fibres (fibrosis). The length range in which a muscle produces force must be considered with respect to the range of motion of the joint in order to plan soft tissue corrections and to understand the postoperative result. An optimal correction of muscle length can increase muscle force whereas overlengthening will reduce it. The latter is desired in cases where spastic muscle force needs to be reduced. In contrast shortening the muscle-tendon apparatus may be indicated in order to correct overlength and to increase muscle force. The effect of intramuscular lengthening procedures, performed as an aponeurotomy or an intramuscular tenotomy, depends on the stretching program after surgery. Extramuscular tendon lengthening, on the other hand, results in an immediate length gain. The danger of overlengthening and consecutive muscle weakening, however, is greater with the tendinous procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Austin's horizontal V-shaped sliding osteotomy of the metatarsal head [Chevron-osteotomy) in the treatment of hallux valgus].

From 1983 to 1995, 1587 patients suffering from hallux abductovalgus were treated with the Austin bunionectomy. The operation consists of a medial exostosis removal, a V-shaped laterally directed displacement osteotomy of the metatarsal head, lateral release and medial reefing of the capsulo-ligamentous structures. Lateral transposition is facilitated by performing a sufficient lateral release consisting of dissection of the lateral metatarsophalangeal ligament and separation of the adductor tendon from the base of the phalanx and the lateral sesamoid. In the case of intermetatarsal angles greater than 15 degrees, the metatarsal-sesamoid ligament is also severed just above the lateral sesamoid. The periosteum is stripped in a limited fashion dorsally and toward the plantar, leaving its insertion at the metatarsal head intact. After this procedure, reposition of the metatarsal head onto the sesamoids is usually possible and is maintained by reconstruction of the medial metatarsal-sesamoid ligament. In the author's own research material, metatarsophalangeal angles larger than 50 degrees and intermetatarsal angles of over 20 degrees could be corrected. Pronation of the toe is usually corrected by tenotomy of the abductor tendon near the base of the phalanx. Avascular necrosis is extremely rare with a careful operative technique. In our extensive research material, four cases of AVN were recognized. Provided there is free motion of the joint (60-0-20), mild radiological signs of osteoarthritis are no contraindication for the operation. Even in the aged, good results can be achieved provided there are no trophic problems. The Austin bunionectomy has proved to be a versatile method for treating bunion problems. The possibility of transposing the metatarsal head laterally, toward the plantar, proximally and distally by altering the direction of the osteotomy, as well as tilting it medially or laterally, has made this osteotomy an invaluable tool for addressing various problems in bunion surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Crooked and short legs. Historical retrospect].

In the past rickets, poliomyelitis, and tuberculosis of the knee joint were the main causes for deformities and shortening of the children's legs. Orthotics played a major role in treatment and rehabilitation, and they were often used for life. In the nineteenth century orthopaedic surgeons developed procedures such as tenotomy, osteoclasis, osteotomy, excision of joints and arthrodesis, combined with conservative therapy or instead of it. In an incessant attempt to control wound suppuration--before Lister's antiseptic principle and aseptic practices were available--the "subcutaneous" approach was inaugurated for tendon and bone surgery.

Arthrodesis↗